劳动力流动对中国地区经济差距影响的空间计量经济模型分析

学术界对劳动力流动对地区经济发展产生的影响有两种不同观点：一种观点认为劳动力流动能够缩小地区差距;另一种观点则认为劳动力流动会扩大地区发展差距。考虑各地区经济发展的空间依赖性,通过构建空间计量经济模型,并利用中国各省区经济的面板数据进行研究与实证分析。结果表明：劳动力流动对中国不同地区经济发展的作用方向和强度表现不同,对地区差距的影响是劳动力流入与劳动力流出综合作用产生的结果。     

时变空间权重矩阵面板数据模型稳健LM检验有效性研究

空间权重矩阵是描述个体间空间关系的重要工具,通常基于个体间的地理距离构造不随时间而改变的空间权重矩阵。然而,当个体间的空间关系源自经济/社会/贸易距离或人口流动性/气候等特征时,空间权重矩阵本质上可能将随时间而改变。由此,本研究提出时变空间权重矩阵面板数据模型的稳健LM检验。大量Monte Carlo模拟结果显示：从检验水平和功效角度来看,基于误设的非时变空间权重矩阵的稳健LM检验存在较大偏差,但是基于时变空间权重矩阵的稳健LM检验能够有效地识别面板数据中的空间关系类型。尤其是,在时间较长和个体较多等情况下,时变空间权重矩阵的稳健LM检验功效更高。     

城市群经济网络与经济增长——基于大数据与网络分析方法的研究

借助大数据时代下获得的海量数据,本文分析了长三角城市群的经济网络特征,重点研究了城市群经济网络的增长效应。首先,构建了长三角城市群的人口流动网络、企业组织网络与电子商务网络,对其各自的网络结构特征进行了对比。其次,将网络分析方法与空间计量模型结合起来,使用扩展的J检验方法对不同网络结构下的模型设定方法进行了识别,考察了经济网络带来的溢出效应对于城市群经济增长的影响。分析结果显示,三种经济网络下长三角城市群均呈现出了“中心-外围”的网络结构,其中上海、杭州、苏州、南京及无锡位于城市群经济网络的核心圈层。对网络结构的模型识别结果显示,中心城市在长三角城市群经济网络的溢出效应中扮演着重要角色。具体而言,在人口流动网络下,资本、政府行为存在显著为负的网络溢出效应;在企业组织网络下,人口规模、对外开放呈现出显著为正的网络溢出效应;在电子商务网络下,政府行为存在显著为负的网络溢出效应,对外开放呈现出显著为正的网络溢出效应。     

中央转移支付对地方财政支出的影响机制及实证分析

本文主要探讨中央转移支付如何通过影响地方政府财政支出,进而影响民生福祉。通过构建一种基于幸福经济学理论的一般均衡理论模型,并使用1997-2013年中国内地31个省域的空间面板数据,本文研究发现：地方财政支出长期存在增量预算特征;2007-2013年期间社会保障支出领域存在显著的粘蝇纸效应;地方财政对基本建设支出在1997-2006年期间存在显著的攀比之风,社会消费惯性则对2007年之后的社会保障支出存在正向激励;中央转移支付对地方财政支出行为的影响机制受空间因素影响较大,且在1997-2006年期间部分财政支出类型受非本省域的社会经济因素影响反而更强,但在2007年之后所有类型的财政支出普遍受到本省域的影响更为显著。     

中国居民代际收入流动效应研究

代际收入流动性是研究收入不平等代际传递的重要视角之一。文章讨论了公共服务质量对代际收入流动的影响机制,同时考虑劳动力迁移因素的作用,以劳动力迁移概率为局部工具变量进行Heckman两阶段回归,来考察代际收入的传递效应。估计结果显示:我国目前代际收入流动还处于较低水平;基本公共服务质量的提高能够有效改善代际收入流动,教育、医疗保险在传递路径中的贡献较大;劳动力迁移行为强化了教育等基本服务质量对代际收入流动的促进作用。政府应继续实施基本公共服务均等化政策,合理分配落后地区教育资源,放松限制劳动力流动的因素,加快完善相关社会保障制度。     

西部地区农村外出劳动力回流：动因及其对策

摘　　要:西部农村外出劳动力的回流,是当代中国农村人口流动的一个令人瞩目的社会现象。本文通过对影响农村外出劳动力回流的“推-拉”因素的分析,探讨农村外出劳动力回流的原因;并根据重庆市实地凋研数据资料,以家庭为分析单位,利用Probit模型回归分析了个人特征、家庭因素及利农政策对回流发生的影响大小。最后,提出现阶段推进农村剩余劳动力转移的对策建议。     

Understanding the 2001 UK census migration and commuting data: the effect of small cell adjustment and problems of comparison with 1991

Summary.  Origin–destination statistics have been produced from the last three UK censuses. The paper describes what is new about the 2001 census interaction data on migration and commuting, considers the disclosure control methods that were applied to cells containing small values and demonstrates the problems that are associated with making comparisons with 1991 data. The effect of small cell adjustment procedures on the interaction data sets is investigated by means of selective analyses at different spatial scales. Some recommendations are made in light of the problems that were manifest in 2001.     

人口空间分布及迁移影响的实证分析——基于空间计量方法与河南省数据

在传统研究方法的基础上考虑空间相关性,运用空间计量经济学的理论与方法,并以河南省人口数据为例进行人口空间分布及迁移的实证研究。一方面,研究中运用全域空间性和局域空间性的相关知识分析河南省人口空间分布,通过定量性指标的运用得出河南省人口空间分布存在相关性,且是高值集聚,即人口密度较高的地区集中在一起;另一方面,在考虑空间相关性的基础上建立空间计量模型,主要研究各个政府支出对河南省人口迁移和分布的影响,结果发现各支出的影响显著。     

影响中国农村劳动力省际迁移动因的实证分析——基于新劳动力迁移理论

利用2005年中国1%人口抽样调查数据中的农村劳动力省际迁移数据,结合新劳动力迁移经济理论,对logit模型进行了扩展,加入了农村信贷市场、农业生产性固定资产、农业受灾比例和老年抚养比,考察它们对省际迁移的影响。结果显示：农村信贷市场越不完善、农业生产性固定资产原值越高、农业受灾比例越大和老年人抚养比越高的地区,农村劳动力外迁的比例也就越大。因此,在中国农村金融和保险市场不完善的前提下,农村劳动力迁移是农民分散农业风险和稳定家庭收入的一种有效方式。     

Ghettos of the mind: the empirical behaviour of indices of segregation and diversity

Summary.  The effect of immigration on social cohesion is a political issue, expressed as a fear that racially skewed residential patterns represent ghettos which prevent integration. Residential patterns have been measured by indices of segregation. The range of indices is reviewed in the paper and measured empirically for England and Wales by using census data for 1991 and 2001, including a new index of migration dispersal. There has been an increase in residential mixing as a result of growing minority populations and their more even spread across localities. These two trends are identified by two commonly used indices of segregation which are moving in opposite directions for the most recent immigrant groups. The sensitivity of each index to modifiable area boundaries makes them unsuitable for evaluation of cities' relative performance. The residential patterns of cities after immigration are more clearly understood by using demographic measures of migration and age structure.     

跨方言区流动、自选择与劳动力收入

本文基于2012和2014年中国劳动力动态调查（CLDS）数据,采用内生转换回归模型考察劳动力跨方言区流动对收入的影响。实证结果表明,与在同一方言区流动的个体相比,跨方言区流动收入要高31.9%;对于跨方言区流动的劳动力而言,跨方言区流动对收入的平均处理效应为30.5%,如果在同一方言区流动的劳动力选择跨方言区流动,其收入反而会减少3.9%,说明不同个体在流入地的选择上是基于其比较优势做出的决策。进一步,本文还发现跨方言区流动的劳动力无论选择在同一方言区流动还是跨方言区流动,均能获得较高的收入,在流动决策上具有绝对优势。在考虑了测量误差和极端值以及排除其他干扰因素后,上述结论依然稳健。     

An attempt at the econometric specification of the socioeconomic determinants of migratory movements and migration balance

An analysis of internal migration in Poland is presented. Models of out-migration, in-migration, and migration balance are constructed for each of the 49 voivodships for 1979. Factors affecting migration are analyzed, including per capita investment, employment, output, fixed capital, per capita retail sales, housing, social services, manufacturing payroll, school enrollment, per capita hospital beds, movie theater seats, and book publications.     

基于SEM模型的流动人口迁移意愿研究

流动人口迁移意愿一直是流动人口研究的热点问题。首次将结构方程模型应用到流动人口迁移意愿影响因素的研究中,通过选取经济条件、生活环境、社会福利保障、迁移意愿4个潜在变量,采用问卷调查获取数据,构建流动人口迁移意愿SEM模型。结果表明:基于SEM的流动人口迁移意愿影响因素分析模型拟合效果较好,为流动人口服务管理相关政策的制定,提供了更加科学的依据。     

The concept of spatial order and other problems of regional research in demography

The concept of spatial demographic order is introduced and defined as the preferred spatial distribution of a given demographic variable. The results of a multivariate statistical analysis of demographic trends in rural and urban areas in Poland are presented to illustrate the convergence of such trends in the areas studied. The author concludes that the increasing similarity in demographic processes between rural and urban areas is due mainly to migration.     

Combining census and registration data to estimate detailed elderly migration flows in England and Wales

Summary.  A log-linear model is developed to estimate detailed elderly migration flows by combining data from the 2001 UK census and National Health Services patient register. After showing that the census and National Health Service migration flows can be reasonably combined, elderly migration flows between groupings of local authority districts by age, sex and health status for the 2000–2001 and 2003–2004 periods are estimated and then analysed to show how the patterns have changed. By combining registration data with census data, we can provide recent estimates of detailed elderly migration flows, which can be used for improvements in social planning or policy.     

基于vSEIdRm模型的人口迁移以及离汉交通管控对新冠肺炎疫情发展的影响分析

不同于传统( Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed)SEIR流行病传播动力学模型,本文在近期研究的Varying Coefficient Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Diagnosed-Removed (vSEIdR)模型基础上加上人口迁徙(Migration) 模块,设计开发了vSEIdRm模型,该模型考虑了跨区域人口迁徙对疫情传播的影响,并允许流行病传播参数随时间变化。本文首先对人口迁移数据进行统计分析,建立其与各省新冠肺炎疫情发展的联系。之后,基于vSEIdRm模型估计了疫情初期各省份来自武汉的输入病例数,并定量刻画了离汉交通管控的效果。研究结果显示,离汉交通管控措施有效地减少了各省份的疫情规模。     

Modified linear projection for large spatial datasets

Recent developments in engineering techniques for spatial data collection such as geographic information systems have resulted in an increasing need for methods to analyze large spatial datasets. These sorts of datasets can be found in various fields of the natural and social sciences. However, model fitting and spatial prediction using these large spatial datasets are impractically time-consuming, because of the necessary matrix inversions. Various methods have been developed to deal with this problem, including a reduced rank approach and a sparse matrix approximation. In this article, we propose a modification to an existing reduced rank approach to capture both the large- and small-scale spatial variations effectively. We have used simulated examples and an empirical data analysis to demonstrate that our proposed approach consistently performs well when compared with other methods. In particular, the performance of our new method does not depend on the dependence properties of the spatial covariance functions.     

城市化发展中的产业升级:集聚推动、溢出效应与空间衰减——基于西北地区的空间计量

城市化和产业发展进程中均呈现集聚经济特征,城市化发展中的要素集聚对集聚形态下的产业层次提升具有明显的推动。基于2005—2012年西北地区30个城市的面板数据,利用空间计量方法分析了城市化发展对产业升级的推动效应。研究结果表明,西北地区城市化发展带来的要素集聚对产业升级具有明显的正向推动,同时城市化集聚对相邻城市的产业升级存在空间溢出效应,利用空间阈值权重矩阵进一步分析后发现,600km以内时城市化发展对产业升级存在显著的正向空间溢出,但溢出效应随空间距离的增长呈现下降趋势,超出600km之后转为负向空间溢出,同时城市化发展中其他结构性因素对产业升级存在空间效应,空间效应方向和趋势由于各结构因素的特征而有所差异。基于上述实证研究,提出了相应的政策建议。     

Predicting infectious disease outbreak risk via migratory waterfowl vectors

The spread of an emerging infectious disease is a major public health threat. Given the uncertainties associated with vector-borne diseases, in terms of vector dynamics and disease transmission, it is critical to develop statistical models that address how and when such an infectious disease could spread throughout a region such as the USA. This paper considers a spatio-temporal statistical model for how an infectious disease could be carried into the USA by migratory waterfowl vectors during their seasonal migration and, ultimately, the risk of transmission of such a disease to domestic fowl. Modeling spatio-temporal data of this type is inherently difficult given the uncertainty associated with observations, complexity of the dynamics, high dimensionality of the underlying process, and the presence of excessive zeros. In particular, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the waterfowl migration are developed by way of a two-tiered functional temporal and spatial dimension reduction procedure that captures spatial and seasonal trends, as well as regional dynamics. Furthermore, the model relates the migration to a population of poultry farms that are known to be susceptible to such diseases, and is one of the possible avenues toward transmission to domestic poultry and humans. The result is a predictive distribution of those counties containing poultry farms that are at the greatest risk of having the infectious disease infiltrate their flocks assuming that the migratory population was infected. The model naturally fits into the hierarchical Bayesian framework.     

中国省区间人口投入产出表编制方法创新及实证研究

基于区域间投入产出表的空间静态特征和人口投入产出表的跨期动态特征,本文研究了省区间人口投入产出表的编制,研究的主要内容从编制思路创新、数据估计方法创新及实证检验分析等方面展开。研究结论认为：人口流动跨期特征和空间静态分布特征的结合合理解决了省区间人口投入产出表的编制思路;分类估计省区间人口投入产出表中间流量和非中间流量数据,有效解决了省区间人口投入产出表数据的估计;实证检验及经验数据检验结果验证了本文所编制中国省区间人口投入产出表是可行的,GM-RAS方法估计的省区间人口投入产出表数据是可靠的;实证应用分析发现中国人口迁移特征符合“胡焕庸线”理论,且表现出“胡焕庸线”向东南移动的特征。