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1.
This paper analyzes the effects of population aging on the preferred legal retirement age. What is revealed is the crucial role that the indirect ‘macro’ effects resulting from a change in the legal retirement age play in the optimal decision. Two social security systems are studied. Under a defined contribution scheme, aging lowers the preferred legal retirement age. However, under a defined pension scheme, the retirement age is delayed. This result shows the relevance of correctly choosing the parameter affected by the dependency ratio in the design of the social security programme.
相似文献
Francisco Lagos (Corresponding author)Email: Fax: +34-95-8249995 |
2.
Jungmin Lee 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):855-875
This study estimates the trade-off between child quantity and quality by exploiting exogenous variation in fertility under
son preferences. Under son preferences, both sibling size and fertility timing are determined depending on the first child’s
gender, which is random as long as parents do not abort girls at their first childbearing. For the sample South Korean households,
I find strong evidence of unobserved heterogeneity in preferences for child quantity and quality across households. The trade-off
is not as strong as observed cross-sectional relationships would suggest. However, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity,
a greater number of siblings have adverse effects on per-child investment in education, in particular, when fertility is high.
相似文献
Jungmin LeeEmail: |
3.
Labor Migration has long been viewed as a strategy adopted by the household unit to allocate family resources rationally to
increase the flows of income and to raise family standard of living. The research reported here examines the extent to which
remittances sent by Filipino overseas workers increase the income and standard of living of households in the Philippines.
Data for the analysis were obtained from a representative sample of 2,388 households drawn in 1999–2000 from four major “labor
sending” areas in the Philippines. The analysis compares households with and without overseas workers to estimate the contribution
of remittances to household income and to household standard of living (measured once by an ‘objective’ indicator and once
by a ‘subjective’ assessment). The data reveal that due to remittances the income of households with overseas labor migrants
is considerably higher than the income of households without overseas workers. The data also reveal that remittances are used
mostly for consumption purposes (e.g. purchase of food, clothing, education, and goods) and that most of the difference in
standard of living (whether measured on the ‘objective’ or the ‘subjective’ scale) between households with and without overseas
workers are attributed to remittances. The implications of labor migration and the policy that encourages and supports labor
migration for the Filipino society are evaluated and discussed.
相似文献
Anastasia GorodzeiskyEmail: |
4.
Child mortality, fertility, and human capital accumulation 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Leonid V. Azarnert 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):285-297
This article analyzes the impact of decline in child mortality on fertility and economic growth. The study shows that the timing of mortality relative to education is crucial to implications of mortality decline. If child mortality is realized before education starts, an exogenous decline in child mortality leads to a decline in education—a finding that is opposite to those of studies that considered a decline in mortality after the cost of education has been incurred. The work also demonstrates the role of parental human capital in reducing child mortality and the causal link between rising education and declining child mortality.
相似文献
Leonid V. AzarnertEmail: |
5.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
6.
A single latent variable model of health status and therapeutic health care utilization is estimated for parents and own children
of 6,557 US households. The equation system that identifies latent health status simultaneously determines a number of indicators
of general health, including presence of morbidity symptoms, mobility limitations, medication needs, and utilization of therapeutic
health care services. The main goal of the paper was to obtain an unbiased estimate of parents’ marginal substitution rate
between own and child health. Results indicate that parents’ valuation of their children’s health exceeds their valuation
of own health by almost twofold on average.
相似文献
Thomas D. CrockerEmail: |
7.
Using public-use microdata samples from the American Community Survey, we find that Middle Eastern Arab men and Afghan, Iranian,
and Pakistani men experienced a significant earnings decline relative to non-Hispanic whites between 2000 and 2002. Further
analyses based on the Juhn–Murphy–Pierce wage decomposition technique as well as quantile regression indicate that this earnings
decline is not explained by changes in the structure of wages or in observable characteristics beyond ethnicity. Our interpretation
is that the unanticipated events of September 11th, 2001 negatively affected the labor-market income of the groups most closely
associated with the ethnicity of the terrorists.
相似文献
Marie T. MoraEmail: |
8.
Extracting the causal component from the intergenerational correlation in unemployment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tyra Ekhaugen 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):97-113
This paper examines the intergenerational correlation in unemployment in Norway and discusses and estimates two approaches
for extracting the causal component: sibling differences and the use of parental unemployment occurring after the child’s
outcome as control for the unobserved family heterogeneity. Confirming existing evidence, I find a substantial intergenerational
correlation in unemployment. Almost half of this is due to observed family heterogeneity. The causal effect is found to be
statistically insignificant by both identification strategies, but while the estimated effect is negative on the sample made
for the sibling-difference approach, this finding is not replicated on a less selective sample.
相似文献
Tyra EkhaugenEmail: |
9.
We used UK Family Expenditure Surveys to analyse the relationship between savings and age structure. We address two key problems: the sample selection bias when data refer to households and not individuals, and the treatment of pension income when drawing inferences from individuals' savings–age profiles about the relationship between an economy's savings and age structure. Our principal findings are that household data exaggerate savings rates of young adults and the elderly whilst underestimating those of 45- to 60-year-olds, and individual saving rates follow more closely the ‘hump shape’ of the life-cycle model, although the savings rates of the elderly remain positive for some ages.
相似文献
Nigel W. DuckEmail: |
10.
Black is not always black. Subtle distinctions in skin tone translate into significant differences in outcomes. Data on more
than 15,000 households interviewed during the 1860 US federal census exhibit sharp differences in wealth holdings between
white, mulatto, and black households in the urban South. We document these differences, investigate relationships between
wealth and recorded household characteristics, and decompose the wealth gaps to examine the returns to racial characteristics.
The analysis reveals a distinct racial hierarchy. Black wealth was only 20% of white wealth, but mulattoes held nearly 50%
of whites’ wealth. This advantage is consistent with colourism, the favouritism shown to those of lighter complexion.
相似文献
Christopher S. RuebeckEmail: |
11.
The dynamics of immigrant welfare and labor market behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes transitions into and out of social assistance, unemployment, and employment. We estimate a dynamic multinomial
logit model, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using a large representative Swedish
panel data set. The empirical results suggest that particularly refugee immigrants display a greater degree of “structural”
state dependence than natives. The high welfare participation rates among refugee immigrants may be due to the existence of
a “welfare trap”, while participation among natives and non-refugee immigrants is largely due to permanent unobserved characteristics.
These results suggest that welfare reforms may have differential effects on refugee immigrants and natives.
相似文献
Magnus LofstromEmail: |
12.
Theodore Palivos 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):131-144
This paper analyzes the welfare effect of illegal immigration on the host country within a dynamic general equilibrium framework
and shows that it is positive for two reasons. First, immigrants are paid less than their marginal product, and second, after
an increase in immigration, domestic households find it optimal to increase their holdings of capital. It is also shown that
dynamic inefficiency may arise, despite the fact that the model is of the Ramsey type. Nevertheless, the introduction of a
minimum wage, which leads to job competition between domestic unskilled workers and immigrants reverses all of the above results.
相似文献
Theodore PalivosEmail: |
13.
Monica Guillen-Royo 《Social indicators research》2008,89(3):535-555
Within material poverty contexts, consumption and subjective wellbeing are positively and strongly related. This is usually
explained in terms of the increased possibilities to satisfy basic needs that additional spending provides. Other important
aspects of consumption, such as its relative, symbolic and hedonic dimensions are not generally considered. The current study
explores these aspects in seven poor Peruvian communities through expenditure and motives using regression analysis. Motives
for consumption are included in the model drawing on psychologists’ research into the importance of accounting for motives
when assessing the impact of material goals on subjective wellbeing. Results reveal that in the Peruvian corridor, consumption
has a meaning beyond mere basic needs satisfaction. Status concerns, the reference group, the pleasure of consuming, providing
for the household basics and the expectation of escaping social marginalisation are aspects of consumption significantly predicting
people’s happiness.
相似文献
Monica Guillen-RoyoEmail: |
14.
Stephen Machin 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):1-19
In this paper (my keynote talk from the 2006 ESPE conference), I discuss the recent upsurge in research on the economics of
education that has occurred, especially in Europe. I discuss the reasons for the increased interest and present some examples
from my recent research in the area. The paper concludes that the increased research interest seems likely to be sustained
for some time to come.
相似文献
Stephen MachinEmail: |
15.
Deborah Cobb-Clark Marie D. Connolly Christopher Worswick 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(4):663-690
This paper examines post-migration investments in schooling and job search of immigrant families using new longitudinal data
for Australia. Higher education levels at the time of arrival are associated with a greater probability of enrolling in school
after migration. In households where the visa category would suggest that post-migration investments might be important, we
find higher rates of school enrolment and job search. Traditional gender roles appear to dictate which partner makes the investments
in formal schooling. However, labour market advantage, captured by principal applicant status, appears to dictate which partner
makes greater investments in job search.
相似文献
Christopher Worswick (Corresponding author)Email: |
16.
Anders Barstad 《Social indicators research》2008,87(1):47-64
Using Norway 1948–2004 as a case, I test whether changes in variables related to social integration can explain changes in
suicide rates. The method is the Box-Jenkins approach to time-series analysis. Different aspects of family integration contribute
significantly to the explanation of Norwegian suicide rates in this period. The estimated effect of separations is stronger
than the effect of divorces, both for men and women, probably because separations are closer in time to the “real” marital
breakup. This difference has not been demonstrated in earlier time-series research. Marriages decrease the suicide rates for
males. The unemployment estimate for men has a negative sign, contributing to fewer suicides. Both increasing alcohol (beer)
consumption and fewer marriages seem to be implicated in the soaring suicide rate for young men since 1970.
相似文献
Anders BarstadEmail: |
17.
How important is homeland education for refugees’ economic position in The Netherlands? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use data on refugees admitted to The Netherlands that include registration of education in their homeland by immigration
officers. Such data are seldom available. We investigate the quality and reliability of the registrations and then use them
to assess effects on refugees’ economic position during the first 5 years after arrival. The most remarkable finding is the
absence of returns to higher education.
相似文献
Aslan ZorluEmail: |
18.
Does child gender affect marital status? Evidence from Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Andrew Leigh 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):351-366
Pooling microdata from five Australian censuses, I explore the relationship between child gender and parents’ marital status.
By contrast with the USA, I find no evidence that the gender of the first child has a significant impact on the decision to
marry or divorce. However, among two-child families, parents with two children of the same sex are 1.7 percentage points less
likely to be married than parents with a boy and a girl. This finding is unlikely to be consistent with theories of preference
for sons over daughters, differential costs, role models, or complementary costs but is consistent with a theory of mixed-gender
preference.
相似文献
Andrew LeighEmail: |
19.
Too many migrants, too few services: a model of decision-making on immigration and integration with cultural distance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We model the political demand for immigrants as a trade-off that native voters face between having services, assumed to be
produced only by unskilled and nonassimilated immigrants, and experiencing disutility due to the immigrant workers having
a culture different from the native culture. Immigrants decide whether to integrate into the native culture. We show that
if services are priced according to per unit costs, the market demand for immigrants will exceed the political demand. Market
forces then lead to higher services prices, implying that the initially allowed number of immigrants is ‘politically’ too
large.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
20.
Previous attempts to measure material well-being or hardship have not made clear the relationship of individual items to the
broader concept of hardship. The current study used the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a large-scale U.S.
survey with a large number of questions on the material circumstances of households to create a measurement model of hardship
that takes this relationship into account. A higher-order model with five-first-order factors: consumer durables, resources
available to meet needs, housing conditions, neighborhood problems and crime, and community services, and a single second-order
factor hardship fit the data well, with the “Housing” and “Neighborhood” first-order factors most strongly related to the higher-order hardship
construct. Despite our attempts to tie the hardship measures to objective conditions, subjective evaluations were strongly
related to most of the factors.
相似文献
Adam C. CarleEmail: |