通辽市草坪管理中存在的问题及其解决途径

草坪对城市增加绿地面积、改善环境、美化市容有着重要的作用。随着社会经济发展和文明程度的提高 ,草坪绿地的多少 ,已成为衡量现代化城市环境质量和文明程度的重要标志之一〔1〕。近年来 ,通辽地区草坪的种植面积随着城市建设的发展在迅速扩大。现有草坪面积近1 0万ｍ2 ,草种组成以草地早熟禾、紫羊茅为主。有些草坪管理较精细 ,质量较好。但也有许多草坪由于建植与管理粗放 ,使草坪的观赏价值降低 ,使用寿命缩短 ,造成了一定的经济损失。了解草坪建植与管理中存在的问题 ,提出相应的解决途径 ,对指导本地区草坪业的健康发展具有重要的现…     

枯草层及其处理对草坪草返青的影响

对草地早熟木草坪枯草层处理进行了小区试验。结果表明，较厚的枯草层履盖不利于草坪革的返青；剪去枯草层和轻度火烧处理可促进中坪草返青和分蘖。重度火烧处理可使草坪草生长旺盛，但草坪密度有所下降，均一性变差。     

《草坪学》课程教学改革与实践

阐述了《草坪学》教学中存在的主要问题和改革措施。通过整合师资力量、调整教学内容、改进教学方法、加强实践教学等一系列改革措施,使《草坪学》课程教学质量明显提高,课程建设取得显著成效。     

“同顶”——力的较量

前些日子,我回到阔别多年的故乡——毛南山乡采风,在一个小山村里,看见一群人围拢在一块草坪上,不时地爆发出喝采声。我怀着好奇心挤进人群,只见草坪中间有两个小伙子,共持一根五六尺长的竹杠,各用自己的肚     

草坪杂草化学防除试验

试验结果表明 ,农得时、杀稗王和草克星用量分别为 0 0 4 5kg/hm2 ,0 9kg/hm2 和0 0 2kg/hm2 时 ,对杂草的防效分别为 83 3% ,85 7%和 92 4% ,且对草坪草安全。施田补单独使用时对杂草的致死率很低 ,杀稗王与施田补混合后的防效可达 92 9% ,且草坪草生长良好     

六种草地早熟禾品种的抗寒性比较

于2007.8-2009.12在内蒙古民族大学农学院试验基地进行,研究了优异(Merit)、巴润(Baron)、自由女神(Liberty)、亨特(Huntsvville)、黎明(Dawn)、福瑞登(Fteedom)六种北方常见的草地早熟禾品种的抗寒性,提出适合通辽地区推广的优良品种,为引进草坪草种提供理论依据.以各品种的茎叶为试验材料,以束缚水含量、相对电导率作为指标,并结合草坪草的越冬率和绿期比较研究了它们的抗寒性.试验结果表明:六种草地早熟禾品种的抗寒性具有明显差异,亨特、优异两个品种抗寒能力最强,巴润、黎明次之,而福瑞登、自由女神抗寒能力最差.从耐低温角度考虑,适合在通辽地区推广的是亨特和优异.     

不同草种建坪最优配比的研究

在本试验的生境和管理条件下，以草地早熟禾（ＰｏａｐｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｓＬ．）、高羊茅（ＦｅｓｔｕｃａａｒｕｎｄｉｎａｃｅａＳｈｒｅｂ．）和多年生黑麦草（ＬｏｌｉｕｎｐｅｒｅｎＬ．）为材料进行了运动场草坪不同草种配比试验，用模糊数学综合评判法对３６个组合综合评定．结果表明：建坪第一年苗期状况表现为随多年生黑麦草比例增加其优势越强．成评后草坪质量最优的组合为Ａ２４（５０％草地早熟禾＋３０％高羊茅＋２０％多年生黑麦草），其次为２５（４０％草地早熟禾＋４０％高羊茅＋２０％多年生黑麦草）．     

草坪乡的变迁

桂林草坪回族乡成立于１９８４年，位于漓江东岸，是广西壮族自治区唯一的回族乡。当时，全乡不通公路，不通水、不通电，与外界的唯一联系是漓江水路。农业生产完全停留在自然经济状态，人均收入不足１８０元。草坪回族乡成立后，桂林市委、市政府对草坪的发展给予了极大...     

把春色撒满人间

一个偶然的机会,我们得知在张家界市城区有个专门从事花木、草皮、盆景经营的民营企业——张家界茂业园林有限公司。春天的一个周末,我们前往参观。百闻不如一见,那棵棵松柏,株株玉兰,郁郁葱葱,摔婢玉立;那团团簇簇的花卉、盆景,争奇斗艳,异彩纷呈;那块块草坪,...     

邵华:他们使我感到了美好

邵华：他们使我感到了美好／西翼雨后的北京西山脚下一座幽静的院落里，蝉声阵阵，绿茵满目的草坪及院落四周种植的果树、蔬菜，使得整个庭院笼罩着浓浓的田园气息。这里住着毛岸青、邵华夫妇，还有他们的儿子毛新宇。和普通家庭一样，只有女主人在家时，才显出家的温暖和...     

全球化背景下的人类生态维护理念

人类已有的生态维护都是从具体文化出发所做出的。生态安全是一个文化概念,不同文化规约下的不同民族对生态理念内涵的界定也因文化而异。以至于我们今天从事生态人类学研究,也需从具体民族入手,对其传统生态知识进行发掘与整理,激发各族人民对自己拥有的传统知识的自信,不断地提升该区域生态知识技能,充分地发挥该区域各民族生态知识价值,实现对区域生态环境的高效利用与精心维护。     

论青藏高原生态环保立法与高原藏族生态文化观

青藏高原在全国乃至亚洲的生态安全中具有战略地位,但近几十年来该地区的生态环境在逐年恶化。因而,必须制定出符合实际的生态环保法,对这一地区的生态环境予以保护。由于青藏高原的主体民族是藏族,具有以人与自然和谐相处为总体精神的生态文化观,并以可持续发展和公众参与原则为集中体现。因而,在青藏高原生态环保立法中,应以人与自然和谐相处为主要立法指导思想,以可持续发展和公众参与为主要立法原则,对高原藏族生态文化进行充分吸收和借鉴。     

论生态建设与生态旅游协调发展的关系

西部地区经济相对滞后 ,却蕴藏着大量的旅游资源。由于青海地区的开发主要以生态建设为支柱 ,因此 ,发展旅游业 ,开发生态旅游资源是生态建设的一个重要的支点 ,它所产生的经济影响远远大于它的内部经济性。以青海生态建设为依托 ,开发生态旅游资源为发展的先导产业 ,是青海经济可持续发展的推动力。     

对依法加强三江源区生态移民工程实施的思考

三江源区生态移民工程,既是该源区生态环境保护和建设重大工程的核心内容,也是该源区生态环境保护和建设工程能否最终取得成功的关键所在。所以,在已有基础上,通过法制手段,依法建立生态补偿机制;加大扶贫开发力度;继续推进退牧退耕还林草工程;实施素质教育和职业教育工程以及吸收和推广该地区有利于生态环境保护的本土法资源等,对该源区生态环境的保护和建设尤为重要。     

《格萨尔王传》中生态伦理传统的现代阐释

青藏高原独特的生态环境孕育了藏族先民丰富的生态伦理传统,并以英雄史诗《格萨尔王传》体现出来。通过研究史诗所蕴涵的生态伦理传统,有助于提高现代人的生态意识,这对解决人类所面临的生态危机具有重要的现实意义。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

试论西部民族地区生态环境保护的法律构建

西部民族地区的生态环境建设关系到西部大开发战略的实施,关系到区域经济的发展,关系到民族地区的稳定和边疆安全。为了实现经济社会和生态环境保护的和谐发展,客观上要求我们必须在西部民族地区不断完善生态环境保护的法制体系,重视运用法律手段引导、规范、促进和保障西部民族地区生态环境的平衡协调。     

生态教育与西北地区的生态环境

文章论述了西北地区生态环境的现状及其根源,揭示了生态教育与地区环境之间的内在作用机制,提出了加强生态教育、深化生态意识,实现西北地区生态环境可持续发展的具体措施。     

藏传佛教慈悲伦理与生态保护

"慈爱众生"、"利乐有情"是藏传佛教伦理思想的纲要。"慈爱众生"的伦理观具有生态道德的价值,也是佛教生态伦理的重要内容。挖掘和梳理藏传佛教的生态伦理及其实践的同时,要进一步推动藏传佛教传统生态伦理的现代转换。     

青藏高原生态城市化模式研究

城市化是各地实现现代化的必经之路。由于特殊生态环境和生态地位 ,青藏高原的城市化应当走出一条有别与其他地区的模式。本文从青藏高原城市化进程应当考虑的特殊因素出发 ,提出“生态城市化模式”的构想 ,并对其基本内容进行分析。