加深对转变经济发展方式的理论认识

转变经济发展方式是党的十七大提出的重要战略任务,是实现经济良性发展、积蓄后劲的紧迫要求,也是在正确认识和把握我国自身经济发展规律基础上作出的必然选择。要保证经济又好又快发展,在遵循一切社会形态共有的经济规律的同时,还必须遵循我国自身经济发展规律。具体为:速度、质量和效益相统一的规律;保持社会供求总量基本平衡,避免大起大落的规律;经济发展与人口、资源、环境相协调的规律;依靠科技进步和提高劳动力素质,把握引进、消化、吸收和提高创新能力的规律;梯度推移、统筹区域协调发展的规律;以人为本,不断提高人民生活水平为最高目的的规律。这些规律表明,转变经济发展方式较之转变经济增长方式,其内容更全面,更广泛,更加注重结构的变革和"质"的提高,更加注重统筹兼顾和协调发展。因此,实施转变经济发展方式这一系统工程,必须抓住重点,从七个方面"转轨变型"、总体推进:从数量型向质量型转变;从外延型向内涵型转变;从速度型向效益型转变;从高耗型向节约型转变;从线性型向循环型转变;从守业型向创新型转变;从政府主导型向市场主导型转变。     

How to Evaluate Government Performance while Building a Rule of Law Government in China*

Building a law-based government is a central element of the comprehensive framework for promoting the rule of law in China, while using evaluation to catalyze growth is in line with the incentive principle of management studies. Since China started to implement reform and opening up over thirty years ago, rule of law development and organizational evaluation have gone through several stages, each with different characteristics. Efforts to build a law-based government have met with success, but what the country now has is essentially still goal-oriented assessment. At present, this suffers from the lack of a clear goal orientation or definition of functions, an imperfect technical system and unsound motivation mechanisms, not to mention the practical problems of each government department going its own way, duplicating evaluations or being left rudderless. Drawing on a combination of value rationality and instrumental rationality and using government performance evaluation to promote the building of a law-based government not only conforms to the spirit of the rule of law and value rationality in government performance, but also strengthens the role of evaluation as an instrument for organizational management. Therefore, we need to create new evaluation theories, expand public participation, introducing diversified evaluating entities, improve technical systems, strengthen institutional buildup, and foster a performance-based culture. In addition, replacing goal-oriented assessment with performance evaluation will help the emergence of a new discipline—the performance evaluation of rule of law government, thus promoting multidisciplinary efforts to integrate and create new public administration theories in China.     

Rule of Law Construction and Assessment at the Local Level

Going beyond the analytical model of the holistic state in rule of law discussion, we can classify the rule of law into national and local levels based on the stages and increments of its execution. The phenomenon of the local rule of law reflects the stages and incremental progress of building a rule of law China. It has a realistic foundation in society and a profound basis in legal theory. Comprehensively advancing the rule of law in China necessitates giving encouragement and support to construction of the rule of law at the local level. The attempts and experiments of local government enable us to explore and innovate the developmental model of the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. The rule of law at the local level is embodied in three dimensions: “text—action—concept.” Assessment mechanisms and indicators for the local construction of the rule of law should also be established in accordance with this framework. The building of the rule of law at the local level should be synchronized with assessment of the rule of law. We need to optimize top-level design, conduct evaluations of local legislation, improve local rule of law work performance assessment and use a rule of law index to assess the local rule of law in an overall manner.     

The Rule of Law Model of Internet Governance*

The rule of law is the basic form of national governance and the rule of law model is the necessary direction for the governance of online society. Online society is in essence a new pattern of social relationships and structural forms comprising relationships among citizens, legal persons, organizational bodies, etc., formed and brought together on the basis of Internet technology; and also a reflection, expansion and expression, singly or in synthesis, of various relationships in the fields of the real economy, politics, culture, society and the environment. The rule of law model of Internet governance refers to governance theories, systems and practices that employ rule of law thinking and the rule of law model to bring the elements, structures, procedures and functions of Internet governance into the scope of the rule of law and its operational track. Reviewing the tortuous course of the development of rule of law Internet governance in China, summarizing useful experience in the construction of rule of law Internet governance, and reflecting on existing legislative, law enforcement and judicial dilemmas will enable us to build up a rule of law system of online governance with comprehensive norms, effective implementation, strict supervision and strong guarantees. This will be marked by Chinese characteristics and will ensure the application of rule of law thinking and the rule of law model in governing, operating, using and safeguarding the Internet, thus achieving sound and orderly Internet operation and development along the path of the rule of law and advancing the modernization of the Internet governance system and governance capability.     

两个30年的有机衔接——毛泽东与中国特色社会主义的理论和实践

新中国六十年历史以十一届三中全会为界分成前后两个30年：前30年以阶级斗争为纲,搞的是革命逻辑;后30年以经济建设为中心,搞的是建设逻辑。两种逻辑前后相随,互相衔接,完整地反映了以毛泽东、邓小平为代表的中国共产党人领导中国人民为社会主义奋斗的历程。总结吸取毛泽东晚年的教训,是连接两个时代的重要纽带。十一届三中全会以后,我们党坚持了一条具有中国特色的社会主义道路,形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系,主要缘于我们党对建国后30年经验教训的深刻总结,特别是对文革教训的科学总结。     

论"三个代表"重要思想对中国共产党执政规律的揭示

“三个代表”重要思想作为中国共产党必须长期坚持的指导思想,把发展作为执政兴国的第一要务,坚持全面建设小康社会的目标和全面的发展观,揭示了中国共产党领导经济建设的规律;坚持马克恩主义的政治文明观,实施依法治国与以德治国相结合的治国方略,把实现中华民族的伟大复兴作为党的庄严使命,揭示了中国共产党领导政治建设的规律;坚持文化是一个政党在思想上、精神上的一面旗帜,把弘扬和培育民族精神作为文化建设极为重要的任务,促进人的全面发展,揭示了党领导文化建设的规律。“三个代表”重要思想是党的第三代中央领导集体在总结历史经验教训的基础上,不断深化对执政规律认识的最新科学成果。     

改革开放以来世界城市治理法治化的进程

"世界城市"诸多指标中,法治是核心要素之一。30年来,中国已走上法治道路,其中大城市的法治建设作了重要贡献。依据世界和中国经验,世界城市的法治化应走"强政府"大社会"的路子;应创建"法治型"政府,关键是做好人权保障和权力制约;应创建"服务型"政府,将"职责"置于"职权"的优先地位。北京作为"世界城市",未来仍应十分重视法治建设。     

International Rule of Law and Rule of Law Construction in China

The rule of law has international as well as domestic attributes, so it can be divided into two levels: the domestic rule of law and the international rule of law. Using the thinking behind the international rule of law to build the rule of law in China is both necessary and inevitable. China should put into practice the idea of the international rule of law at the institutional and the governance levels, and should at the same time participate in the UN’s rule of law activities and in international rule-making, thereby extending its rule of law discourse power and influence in the international sphere.     

法治运行的理性思考

文章以政治国家与市民社会二元化社会结构为切入点分析我国法治理论、实践应由强调法治的治国制度特性和管理、强制功能,向法治对公民个体权利的保护功能转变。通过权利主体由抽象转向具体,实现权利的物化,使法治得以实现全社会的普遍遵守。     

法制下法治与法治下法制

法制下法治和法治下法制是两种不同的社会存在。法制下法治之治理主体单一,法治下法制治理主体多元;法制下法治依赖国家法正义观支持,法治下法制依赖多维正义观支持;法制下法治以人为治理客体,法治下法制则以人和法律同为治理客体。在特定历史阶段,法制下法治曾经起过积极的作用;但是随着社会发展,民主勃兴和社会转型的逐步推进,法制下法治已经成为中国法制建设的瓶颈,应为法治下法制的理论和实践所突破。法治下法制是多元法律规则并存于社会与依法办事之法治原则的结晶。通过各种法规则的冲突、互动和整合,法治自然会从理想走向现实。     

International Rule of Law and Methodological Innovation

The practice of the international rule of law needs a theoretical guide, and the formulation of the theory of international law has to depend upon practice, which imposes new requirement upon the methodology of international law. Traditional research into legal doctrine is unfavorable to the creative exertion of international jurisprudence, and the research methods of social sciences are playing an increasingly important role in the methodological innovation of international law. From the perspective of promotion of the international rule of law, the study of international law needs to deep research a State’s motives, cause and innate logic in observing international aw, and law and economics can show its capability in this field. For the international rule of law, basic research needs to be carried about such social surroundings as where the rules are produced and applied and exerting influences. The research method of the sociology of law exactly hits the point. The application of empirical and experimental research methods offers a beforehand “rehearsal” chance for the process of the rule of law to grasp the pros and cons in the planning and practice of the rule of law. The cooperation between the research methods of social science and the traditional research method of international law can reasonably interpret the phenomena of international relations and promote the international rule of law.     

多元权利基础、公权力权威与良法之治

推进中国法治进程 ,并不仅仅是法律制度的简单植入或法律体系的建构 ,也不仅仅是“依法治理”对秩序的促动 ,而关键在于重构国家与市民社会的良性互动关系。即大力推进市民社会自主性 ,以多元社会权利来平衡和制约国家权力 ,缩减国家权力职能和建立其合法性权威 ,并弘扬正义法精神以实现良法之治。只有这样 ,以权力制约和权利保障为核心取向的法治秩序才能最终确立起来。     

“法治”：“思维”与“方式”的统一

“法治思维”和“法治方式”是十八大报告提出的新概念,这组概念在2013年6月22日至25日的中央政治局会议上被再次强调。“法治思维”和“法治方式”既是实施“法治国家”的基础和前提,又是实施“依法行政”的关键和重点,更是社会和国家“治理”的主要内容。对“法治思维”和“法治方式”进行深刻的分析研究可以消除对“法治”的模棱两可的意识,便于在全社会形成“法治社会”环境。     

SPECIAL ISSUE： ECOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION AND BEAUTIFUL CHINA Roadmap for the Construction of an Ecological Rule of Law in China

十八大报告在将建设社会主义法治国家作为治国理政总体方略的同时,把中国特色社会主义事业总体布局由经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设“四位一体”拓展为包括生态文明建设的‘五位一体’,勾画了中国生态法治建设的路线图。其目标是确立与生态文明相适应的生态环境法治系统,任务是将生态理性纳入法治运行轨道,路径是健全和完善生态法治的制度与体制机制。     

影响性诉讼:社会转型与构建和谐社会的法治精灵

中国建设和谐社会正处于中国社会全面转型的历史时期。转型时期的中国社会既有新旧体制与机制的强力对垒,也有新旧观念和思维方式的激烈碰撞,更有各种复杂矛盾与疑难问题的集中爆发。由于人们法律意识及法治观念的逐渐增强,转型时期频繁发生的影响性诉讼成为人们观察和关注社会发展脉动的重要兴奋点。影响性诉讼对构建和谐社会具有重要意义和深刻影响:使人们对社会发展现实有无比清醒而理智的认识;对正在建设中的和谐社会法治提供助力并树立信心。     

以社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的评价论阐释

社会思潮是民众评价活动的一种现实形式,具有自发性和盲目性,要以正确的权威评价来引导。社会主义核心价值体系是党中央关于社会主义意识形态建设的权威评价,是形式上的自觉性和内容上的自觉性相统一的正确的权威评价,具备引领多样化社会思潮所要求的品格,能够通过引领社会思潮有效促进社会整合,从而促进社会主义和谐社会的构建。     

我国刑事立法领域的若干重大现实问题探讨

刑事立法是刑事法治的基础和起点.刑事法治的发展进步离不开刑事立法的科学化、民主化与现代化.审视当前我国刑事立法领域,有以下重大现实问题值得特别关注:一是犯罪化与非犯罪化问题:二是未成年人犯罪的刑事责任问题;三是单位犯罪问题;四是刑罚体系的调整与完善问题;五是社区矫正问题;六是国际公约在刑事法领域的贯彻问题.     

法治概念属性释义

当前对法治的理解仍然比较混乱,有必要澄清。法治是个政治概念而不是个法律概念,它不同于执法和司法。法治其实就是依法治国;法治是与人治相对立的政治概念;法治不等同于法制;法治以民主为前提,并保障民主,民主是法治的灵魂。     

社会主义实践中的辩证法创新

本文以党的十六届四中全会提出的构建社会主义和谐社会为契机,着重考察了自黑格尔以来辩证法在马克思视域中历史变迁,指出,由矛盾辩证法到和谐辩证法是辩证法科学合乎规律的发展和转变,是时代精神的呼唤和建设中国特色社会主义实践的深厚的思想积淀,集中体现在由向对立面的斗争性倾斜到向对立面的同一性的全面的回归。认同对立面的肯定因素、适度地扶植对立面、实现对立面的结合和双赢等是社会主义时期辩证法创新的具体体现。     

Thinking on Long-term Construction of Tibet in Contemporary China

Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, with a view to shaking off Tibet’s poverty and backwardness and making it prosper alongside the rest of China, the central leadership with Mao Zedong at the core, combining Marxist theory on ethnic issues with the particular realities of Tibet, gave up the earlier plan of “shifting the troops garrisoning Tibet every three years to improve their morale,” and began to consider long-term thinking on developing Tibet in which the troops would take root and settle down in Tibet and the border areas. After reform and opening up in 1978, following changes in the international and domestic situation, the CPC Central Committee called on the people to “speed development” and realize leapfrog progress in Tibet and developed the assistance method of “accountability for specific areas, paired-up support and regular rotations.” That has enriched and supplemented our long-term thinking, and is an important method and pathway towards the long-term construction of Tibet. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, General Secretary Xi Jinping has summarized the Party’s Tibet governance strategies over the past six decades, putting forward the idea that work on Tibet must uphold the important principles of “governing Tibet according to law, promoting the prosperity of the Tibetan people and the region on a long-term basis, increasing cohesion and building a solid foundation,” giving a new historical orientation and epochal meaning to long-term thinking on building Tibet. This article tries to trace the history of the long-term thinking on developing Tibet and summarize historical experience, so as to provide a historical basis and reference for work on Tibet in the new period.