利益视角下《德意志意识形态》中的意识形态理论及其当代意义

《德意志意识形态》系统地阐发了历史唯物主义的新意识形态观。这种新意识形态观深刻地揭示了利益与意识形态的产生、发展、消亡、本质以及功能的内在联系。从利益视角来审视和考察意识形态对于认清意识形态＂终结论＂、＂普世论＂、＂多元指导论＂的实质以及正确认识马克思主义意识形态的阶级性与科学性,驳斥虚假性责难具有重要现实意义。推动社会主义意识形态建设必须反对脱离生动的实践活动的教条主义,不断把握和实现人民的利益诉求。     

传统伦理文化需要融入当代意识——兼论孝文化与家庭和谐

中国优秀传统文化博大精深源远流长有深厚底蕴,从近代文化发展,体现了只有在不同历史时期融入当代意识,才能得到创新和发展,才有生命力。当前我国提出构建和谐社会,孝文化是家庭的稳定、巩固与和谐的基础。     

Imagining socialism in the Soviet century

Much of the current conversation about social justice, economic responsibility and individual self-realization is informed by an explicit or implicit comparison between capitalist and socialist modernities. The Soviet Union’s variety of socialism understandably serves as a critical master referent in this conversation. In this regard, a dominant historical narrative that ties the history of Soviet socialism to the Bolshevik origins imposes serious limitation to available depictions of socialism and histories of the twentieth century. This article turns the Bolshevik fundamentals assigned to the Soviet project into a problem of historical analysis and argues that the Soviet experience has more than one normative vision of socialism to offer. The goal is to foreground the divergence of normative conceptions of the socialist society and individual by historicizing the two principal and presently closely identified ideological-educational undertakings: those of the New Man and the ‘New Soviet Person’. By tracing the histories of the two projects, the article shows how the collectivist ethos of the Bolshevism of the 1910–1920s that rejected the ontological differentiation between the individual and his or her social milieu failed to retain its ideological, institutional, and cultural currency even during the 1930s, not to mention throughout the Soviet period.     

Imagining contact reduces prejudice in preschool children

We examined the effectiveness of an imagery‐based strategy designed to reduce prejudice in preschoolers in Italy. Three studies involving different target groups (disabled children, Black children) were conducted within Italian preschools. Children (4–6 years) were asked to imagine and draw meeting an outgroup member (Studies 1 and 2) or to imagine writing a letter to an outgroup member (Study 3). Results revealed that preschoolers in the experimental condition, relative to a control group, reported less intergroup bias in the form of contact intentions and resource allocation as well as greater behavioral inclusiveness; effects were mediated by improved intergroup attitudes. Our findings are important in understanding ways that promote positive intergroup relations in ways that align with the interests of young children.     

当代文学理论写作中的意识形态与纯粹知识问题——以三本文学理论教材为例

20世纪的西方文论出现了两次重大的"转向":一次是深入内部研究的语言转向,一次是开拓外部研究的文化转向。自20世纪80年代以来,伴随着中国社会的急剧转型,中国文论界引进了许多西方文艺思潮、文学理论,从俄国形式主义、布拉格学派到法国的结构主义,从英美新批评、女权主义到解构主义、后现代主义、新历史主义、后殖民主义、文化研究、生态批评。可以说,中国文论用20多年的时间几乎走过了西方文论近一个世纪的学术历程。但在广泛引进西方文论的同时,人们也发现一些几十年前就提出的老问题,至今不仅没能解决,甚至没有多少进展。本期刊发的这组笔谈,即从不同的方面为此做出些许努力,期望能对文学理论基本问题的深入研究有所裨益。     

町内会:当代日本基层社区组织

町内会的内涵和特征町内会（Ｃｈｏｎａｉｋａｉ）是当今日本最重要的基层社区组织。在包括地方居民组织、妇女组织、老年组织、儿童组织及地方寺庙的社区居民组织等在内的各种各样的基层社区组织中 ,町内会几乎遍及日本每一个社区 ,其影响和作用最大。町内会是一种由社区居民选举委员会选举产生的社区性自愿社团 ,它既不是常规意义上的行政组织的最小单位 ,也不是由政府建立的下属组织。目前 ,日本大约有３０万个町内会。每个町内会的范围相当小 ,有６７%的町内会不到１００户。大部分町内会有组织章程。居民选举委员会的成员 ,每月交纳２…     

Religion and Presidential Politics in Florida: A List Experiment*

Objective. Although national surveys indicate that Americans have become more accepting of the prospect of a Jewish presidential candidate, this could reflect some voters' desire to be seen as having socially correct opinions. The present study uses a survey technique known as the “list experiment” to assess public reaction to the nomination of Jewish candidates for high office. Methods. Two telephone surveys of registered voters in Florida, each employing the list‐experiment methodology, were conducted in October 2000 and May/June 2002. Results. We find only limited evidence of negative affect directed at either the vice presidential candidacy of Joseph Lieberman in 2000 or a hypothetical (unnamed) Jewish presidential candidate who might choose to run in the future. Conclusions. Although there still are enough voters with anti‐Semitic views to affect the outcome of a close election, their numbers do not appear to be as great as some observers have feared.     

前景与挑战:当代中国的妇女学与妇女/性别社会学

本文是对妇女学以及妇女/性别社会学这两个相互联系的学术领域在中国之兴起和发展的回顾.基于知识社会学,作者极大地典型化了中国妇女和性别议题的内客和原因,解释诸如马克思主义理论遗产、国家/政党管理、经济改革、政治变化、本地状况以及全球化等历史和社会政治因素是如何在这两个领域产生影响,形成特征以及进行知识生产.尤其是,作者根据学术地位、立场、内容、研究方法、课程变迁以及教学等因素,检视了妇女/性别社会学在中国知识发展的动态轨迹.最后,作者还论述了上述两个领域所共有的特征和议题是如何在中国的马克思主义和女权/女性主义两者动态交互影响中演变的.     

现代印度教种姓关系的变化

近代以来,印度教原有的种姓制度和等级关系发生了很大变化。1947年独立以后,印度政府制定的新宪法和各种法律制度,以及在政治、经济、文化和教育方面所采取的一系列改革措施,更进一步加速了种姓关系的转变。种姓制度和种姓关系的这种变化,正是传统印度教走向现代印度教的重要标志。     

广义的人本主义:青年布洛赫的意识形态襁褓

对于国内的西方马克思主义研究者来说,德国哲学家恩斯特·布洛赫的成名作《乌托邦精神》并不陌生,可是,对于写作此书之前的青年布洛赫,了解得就不够了。本文对德国哲学家恩斯特·布洛赫的早期的思想谱系进行了详细的解析,辨识了布洛赫哲学的人本主义源头。青年布洛赫既受到犹太教神学的影响,又接受了现代人本主义的反资本主义立场,而陀思妥也夫斯基的宗教人学对于布洛赫哲学的基本特色有着决定性的作用。本文认为,上述三方面思想虽然有较大差异,但都可以视为某种广义的人本主义哲学。这是青年布洛赫写作《乌托邦精神》时的思想框架,导致布洛赫对马克思主义哲学进行了人本学化的解释。