社会文化心理与语言变异艺术论析

20世纪80年代以后,我国文学作品和人们日常用语中出现了许多超常的语言表现形式,这与社会、文化、心理等对人们的影响分不开。这些愈演愈烈的语言变异现象,无论在表达内容情感,还是表现语气节律色彩等方面,都具有一般语言形式所没有的语用价值。     

Social Psychology from Flat to Round: Intersubjectivity and Space in Peter Sloterdijk's Bubbles

In this paper I describe the relevance of philosopher Peter Sloterdijk's (1998/2011) book Bubbles for social psychology. Bubbles offers the opportunity for the development of what I call a round social psychology. This is in contrast to the flatness characteristic of some of the more influential contemporary varieties of social psychology. Flat social psychology stays close to the ground, and is focused on the coordination of action. Round social psychology describes the atmosphere that surrounds and makes interaction possible in the first place. It requires a theory that links intersubjectivity with spatiality. To describe flat social psychology I analyze the assumptions of three contemporary versions of social psychology: social cognition theory, Goffman's dramaturgy, and Gergen's relational psychology. I then describe in greater detail Sloterdijk's bubble philosophy and the characteristics of round social psychology.     

心理学发展逻辑线索辨析--库恩范式论观点

心理学发展以库恩范式论来予以考察和审视,究其内在逻辑线索,是哲学心理学、科学心理学、人文心理学和文化心理学四种范式的更替与兴衰过程。按照库恩范式论中所表达的价值相对主义以及真理是科学家的主观约定性理念,心理学四种范式也只是心理学家基于不同的立场对人类心理不同理解和假设而已,这就为这四个范式的合理性与合法性找到了立论根据。以库恩范式论为视角,会重新理解心理学内在发展问题。     

语言的社会地位与文化之关系探析--上海话言语现象个案研究

世界语言学发展史表明,语言的社会地位是随着文化发展水平的变化而变化的,其中文化观念起着非常重要的作用。文化与人的认知特点相互作用产生文化观念,语言或言语的一些特性又使文化观念成了语言或言语的文化价值,这些文化价值又制约人的心理,调节人的社会关系。所有这些因素的互动过程,是文化决定语言社会地位的主要原因。     

中西姓氏对比及民族文化心理的特质剖析

姓氏作为社会文化发展的产物,是不同民族在各个历史时期繁衍生息、播迁交融、兴衰更替的总汇.姓氏的语义取向具有丰富的文化内涵,能够充分地体现民族文化的心理特质.通过对比中西姓氏在概念内涵、历史渊源和发展演变的异质,训析二者的文化特性,揭示中西社会在民族心理、政治理念、价值取向三个方面存在的民族文化心理差异,力求为解读中西姓氏的文化起源,了解不同社会的历史演变,弘扬传统的文化精髓,透视迥然的民族文化心理,提供独特的研究视角.     

北京中央公园与民国文人的文化心态

民国时期的北京中央公园是一个非常特殊的公共空间。它为民国文人交流学术思想、建构文化沙龙提供了优越条件,又是民国文人发生浪漫情事、表达故园之思的寄情场所。由于文化立场不同,各类民国文人对于中央公园产生了不同的精神映像,从中可以透视民国文人的文化心态。     

Truth and Rhetoric: The Promise of John Dean's Memory to the Discipline of Psychology

The paper unpacks the far‐reaching theoretical and practical issues that underlay the classical debate between cognitive psychologist Ulric Neisser and discursive social psychologists Derek Edwards and Jonathan Potter on Watergate witness John Dean's memory. Accounting for their disagreements, Neisser claimed the mantle of the cognitive‐ecological approach to memory and emphasized the psychologist's ultimate priority of truth over discourse, while Edwards and Potter claimed that of discursive/rhetorical psychology and focused exclusively on discourse over truth. As such, the debate at the time ended in mutual misunderstanding and the shadow of theoretical incommensurability. However, a rhetorical analysis of the arguments suggests that Neisser was right about truth when he intuitively sensed the importance of discourse, and Edwards and Potter were right about discourse when they did not lose sight of truth. Therefore, beyond the impasse there has remained a promise inherent in the debate: it demonstrated an imaginative attempt to undermine the absolute dichotomy of truth and rhetoric and demonstrate their mutual inter‐dependence. As will be argued, such integration of traditional concerns of the psychologist entails the re‐conceptualization of the discipline as political and moral science.     

Mothers' Socialization of Children's Emotion in India and the USA: A Cross‐ and Within‐culture Comparison

Parent responses to children's emotions vary within and across cultures. The present study compared mothers' reports of their emotional and behavioral responses in hypothetical situations depicting their children experiencing anger, sadness, or physical pain in two communities in India (traditional old city, N = 60; suburban middle class, N = 60), with a suburban middle‐class group in the USA (N = 60). Results showed that mothers in both groups in India reported more explanation‐oriented problem‐focused responses to their children's emotions than US mothers. US mothers reported the most solution‐oriented problem‐focused responses, followed by suburban Indian mothers, followed by old‐city mothers. US mothers reported behaviorally‐oriented punitive responses (i.e., time out, removal of privileges) towards child anger more than the other groups. Suburban Indian mothers reported briefly not talking to the child in response to child anger more than the other groups whereas old‐city Indian mothers reported scolding/spanking more than the other groups.     

文化哲学的意义:文化模式的变迁与历史发展

当代人类生存危机的实质是一场文化危机,正是对这种危机的深刻反省,促使了文化哲学在19世纪兴起并在20世纪兴盛。文化是哲学的基础,哲学则是文化精神的集中体现,哲学和文化的这种关系决定了:哲学未来的发展形态应该是一种文化哲学。中国正面临着史无前例的社会转型,面临着从传统的自发性的农业文化向现代的自觉性文化的转变,如果没有千百年来形成的思维方式、习俗传统、生活方式和存在样态的彻底革命,现代化是不能完成的。     

On units of Analysis and Creativity Theory: Towards a “Molecular” Perspective

This article addresses the issue of units of analysis and atomistic models in psychology taking creativity research as a case study. A classic typology in this area, initially proposed by Rhodes (1961), distinguishes between the four P's of creativity: person, process, product, and press (environment). Continuing an effort to rewrite this basic language of the discipline from a cultural psychological perspective in the form of five A's (actor, audience, action, artefact, affordances), the discussion here focuses on bringing relationships to the fore within this framework and problematising strict distinctions between each of the five elements. A closer look at the five A's of creativity, drawing on theoretical considerations and illustrated by interviews with creators working in different domains, reveals the permeable borders surrounding these units and challenges clear divisions between actors and audiences, action and artefacts, actors and artefacts. In the end, it is argued that creative phenomena cannot be properly understood and studied outside of their integrated and dynamic totality defined as a creativity complex. Implications of adopting this “molecular” perspective for theory and methodology are discussed.     

Education in the Responsible Conduct of Research in Psychology: Methods and Scope

In this mixed-method study of education in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) in psychology, phase one survey respondents (n?=?141) reported that faculty and students were familiar with RCR standards and procedures to educate them were believed to be adequate. However, educational methods varied widely. In phase two, seven survey respondents completed in-depth interviews assessing RCR training and education and research review procedures. Educational methods through which RCR content was presented included the following ones: traditional (lectures), technical (web-based), and experiential (internships), but RCR was often minimally considered in the formal curriculum. Our results suggest that psychology training programs might benefit from more formal consideration of RCR education and training in the curriculum.     

Towards a Lacanian Group Psychology: The Prisoner's Dilemma and the Trans‐subjective

Revisiting Lacan's discussion of the puzzle of the prisoner's dilemma provides a means of elaborating a theory of the trans‐subjective. An illustration of this dilemma provides the basis for two important arguments. Firstly, that we need to grasp a logical succession of modes of subjectivity: from subjectivity to inter‐subjectivity, and from inter‐subjectivity to a form of trans‐subjective social logic. The trans‐subjective, thus conceptualized, enables forms of social objectivity that transcend the level of (inter)subjectivity, and which play a crucial role in consolidating given societal groupings. The paper advances, secondly, that various declarative and symbolic activities are important non‐psychological bases—trans‐subjective foundations—for psychological identifications of an inter‐subjective sort. These assertions link interesting to recent developments in the contemporary social psychology of interobjectivity, which likewise emphasize a type of objectivity that plays an indispensible part in co‐ordinating human relations and understanding.     

因病信教农民的宗教心理及其演变:试论把握“信念”概念对理解中国农村宗教实践的启示

本文通过对苏北望村基督徒因病信教现象的考察,关注信教农民的宗教心理及其演变。用"信念"来把握农民"信"的起点心理,它蕴含了个体面临生命困境时寻求宗教帮助并对之赋以期许的自然心态和家庭伦理。"信念"的宗教建构、"信念"的情感嵌入以及"信仰"要求三个宗教操演环节促使个体心理的由俗入圣。基于原有病型及其疗效基础上的个体与宗教间的互动,信徒发生了信念坍塌、信念过渡和信仰升级三种类型的心理分化。"信念"操演与分化构成了农民宗教心理演变的机理,也形塑了农民的信仰方式。文章进一步探讨"信念"对于理解中国农村宗教实践中的个体宗教心理、宗教皈信、宗教复兴等议题所具有的启发。     

Exploring the Bidirectionality of Emotion Understanding and Classroom Behavior with Spanish‐ and English‐speaking Preschoolers Attending Head Start

The present study investigated time‐dependent relationships between emotion understanding and the behavioral adjustment of preschoolers over a single school year using a latent variable structural equation modeling framework. Teacher reports of child behavior (hyperactivity, emotion symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, and prosocial behavior) and performance assessments of emotion understanding were obtained twice at a 6‐month interval for a sample of 281 preschoolers (159 boys and 122 girls, with mean age = 52.40 months) from English‐ (N = 158) and Spanish‐speaking (N = 123) backgrounds. Emotion understanding and behavior were stable over time, and cross‐sectional associations between them were in expected directions. Cross‐lagged paths revealed that the behavior variables significantly associated with emotion understanding across time were hyperactivity, emotion symptoms, and peer problems, and that behavior variables were generally better predictors of emotion understanding than vice versa. Differences across gender and language groups suggest a stronger and more complex bidirectional relationship between emotion understanding and behavior for girls and for Spanish‐speaking children compared wth boys and English‐speaking children. Results are discussed with respect to the value of exploring cross‐lagged relationships and the potential importance of gender and culture as determinants of those relationships.     

Potential Space: Knowing and Not Knowing in the Treatment of Traumatized Children and Young People

This paper illustrates some contributions of psychoanalyticallybased thinking in social work practice with children and youthremoved from their homes due to severe maltreatment or incapacityof parents. It is suggested that when working with severelydeprived and traumatized children, the therapist should holdin mind the lacking of rapport with primary caretakers, andthe need of the child to form meaningful and intimate relationsin his or her future life. Psychoanalytically based thinkingenriches the treatment process by offering new ways for understandingof the patient’s needs, aiming to reach the child’ssubjective experience and re-establishing his sense of selfand a meaningful rapport with an other. The concept of ‘potentialspace’ and the area of experience (Winnicott, 1953/1975)will be described with elaboration on its variety and use intheory and practice, focusing on two major themes: the dialecticsof knowing and not knowing, and the search for selected material.A clinical illustration is presented to show these dynamicsas they appear in the clinical process and the therapeutic session.The material was selected from supervision of graduate socialwork students involved in therapeutic work with children.     

Child‐caregiver Attachment Representations in a Non‐Western Context: The Feasibility and Cultural Equivalence of Story Stems in Urban Ghana

Story stem measures are an increasingly popular method for assessing the attachment representations of young children, but little is known of their cross‐cultural applicability. This study aimed to characterise the attachment representations in 73 five‐ to eight‐year‐old children in urban Ghana, West Africa, using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST) to test its feasibility, psychometric characteristics and concurrent associations with caregiver‐ and teacher‐rated child behaviour, and to conduct a qualitative thematic analysis of methodological observations. Among the classifiable cases (92 percent), all attachment classifications were observed, yielding a higher rate of secure attachment than in European samples. Inter‐rater reliability, internal consistency, and internal structure were reasonable and largely similar to European studies, although one structural difference was the separation of ‘child assuagement of distress’ from other secure‐related items. MCAST narratives were associated with teacher‐ and caregiver‐rated hyperactivity, but internal consistency was low in most Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scales. Possible culturally‐sensitive explanations for our psychometric and qualitative findings are discussed. Overall, story stems are a promising tool for accessing attachment representations in non‐Western samples, although modifications are likely to improve cross‐cultural equivalence when applied to non‐Western cultures. Further investigation is needed to link MCAST outcomes to parenting and socio‐emotional development.     

空间的嬗变、私化与终结:以Z.鲍曼的后现代空间思想为中心

现代性的空间是理想化的空间，以空间纯净为原则，营造几何学式词物对应的格网。乌托邦贯穿了Z.鲍曼思想的路程，其非现实化品格、地域性和终极性集中代表了现代时空的特征。Z.鲍曼从权力关系入手分析自由，将社会视为金字塔层级，监狱则是时间和空间交锋的场所。随着后现代社会的到来，现代性由固态转入液态，地理终结后时间和速度成为权力的标志，空间则丧失了意义。全球化的同时加剧了地方化，政治失去了控制经济资本的能力，私域不断侵占公域，共同体被打破，多元文化主义开始建造新的隔离区。     

仙界方七日 人间已千年——古代游仙文学的相对时空观

在中国古代的游仙文学里存在一个古老的信仰,当人进入一个特殊的空间(如仙境)或神圣容器(洞窟、葫芦等)时,和人间相比,时间的流速会变慢,正所谓"仙界方七日,人间已千年".于是许多游仙文学以之为吟咏对象,形成"沧海桑田"和"地久天长"两个意象.追溯这一时空观的来源,与道教徒的修炼生活有关.