中国气象局局长郑国光解读《哥本哈根协议》

中国气象局局长郑国光12月22同在接受新华社记者专访时表示，口前结束的哥本哈根会议的规模及各方面对会议的关注足以体现出国际社会对应对气候变化问题的高度重视，以及加强气候变化国际合作，共同应对挑战的强烈政治意愿，并向世界传递了合作应对气候变化的希望和信心。     

我国气候变化立法中适应制度的完善

适应气候变化、提高自然生态系统和人类社会适应气候变化的能力是人类应对气候变化的必要趋势。首先,引出适应制度应该遵循的两个基本原则,即风险预防原则与最脆弱群体优先原则。其次,通过适应制度在我国的气候变化立法中的现状以及困境分析,阐述我国构建气候变化立法适应制度的必要性,以此完善我国的气候变化立法中的适应制度。     

农村留守妇女心理压力社会支持系统中的问题及对策

本文在分析农村留守妇女心理压力现状及农村妇女心理压力社会支持系统现状的基础上，探讨了农村留守妇女心理压力社会支持系统中存在问题，提出了应对策略，以期完善农村留守妇女心理压力社会支持系统。     

应对全球气候变化防御极端气候灾害

气候变化影响人类的生存和发展,深度触及农业和粮食安全、水资源安全、能源安全、生态安全、公共卫生安全,应对气候变化和防灾减灾已成为各国经济社会发展战略的重要组成部分.气候变化具有全球化特征和历史性根源,减缓气候变化必须从政治、经济、社会、科技等各个方面做出努力.我们应立足于我国经济社会发展全局,采取科学有效的措施,积极做好应对气候变化的战略准备.……     

携手应对气候变化挑战——在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上的讲话

潘基文秘书长,各位同事: 今天,各国领导人汇聚联合国,共商应对气候变化大计,这对推动国际社会有力应对气候变化这一全球性挑战具有十分重要的意义.     

中国与沙特阿拉伯应对气候变化南南合作探析

应对气候变化南南合作是全球气候治理的重要内容。气候治理的本质是发展治理,发展中国家是气候变化的主要受害者,同时又是温室气体排放的主要贡献者。因此,成功应对气候变化的关键之一,是实现主要发展中国家的经济发展方式低碳转型。中国和沙特阿拉伯都是发展中大国,各自又是化石能源的主要生产国和消费国,同时具有强烈的低碳转型意愿以及较好的科技和资本基础,属于全球气候治理和应对气候变化南南合作的关键国家。中沙两国基于双赢动力开展了一系列应对气候变化的合作,同时也存在问题。在两国“双碳”目标约束下,更加符合各自资源和技术禀赋特点的提升化石能源能效、氢能、碳捕捉与封存技术,将成为未来双方合作的重点。伴随两国合作从产能向联合研发核心技术等关键领域拓展,中国与沙特阿拉伯应对气候变化合作也将在应对气候变化南南合作领域发挥示范效应。     

在提高女性参政比例的基础上，努力提高参政议政能力

只有实实在在地提高女代表参政议政的能力,才能真正发挥妇女在政治舞台上的“半边天”作用,才能将广大妇女的愿望和声音带入中国政治民主决策的高层之中,才能不辱使命地尽到女代表的政治责任。     

气候变暖:港口遭灾早安排

全球气候变暖，将会给人类带来空前的灾难，首当其冲就是低洼的岛国、河口洼地和港口。 气候变暖，导致海平面上升，各国都在想方设法积极应对，但这是一个全球化的难题，不是一两个国家和地区就能控制住气候变化，没有哪个国家有足够的能力能制止或控制南北两极冰川融化。笔者航海多年，见证了世界众多港口城市现状，如果海平面继续上升，将会给这些港口带来不可估量的损失。     

和谐社区建设的社会性别视野

在当前中国社区建设中，女性在社区经济建设、培育社区精神、政治参与和民主管理等方面发挥了重要作用。同时存在着群体素质不高、致富能力不强、民主参与不够等制约因素。努力推动社区妇女工作与政府职能部门、与社会有关方面的紧密结合及资源共享，充分发挥妇女在和谐社区建设中的重要作用，将社会性别意识融入到主流社会政策中，有着重要的意义与价值。     

牧民应对气候变化的社会脆弱性——以内蒙古荒漠草原的一个嘎查为例

在全球变暖的影响下,干旱区本身易变的气候条件呈现暖干趋势和更高的不可预测性。面对变化的自然条件,牧民适应能力的强弱取决于当地的社会经济制度是否有利于牧民采取有效的应对和适应策略。本文选择内蒙古锡林郭勒盟荒漠草原的一个嘎查为例,基于近40年的气象数据以及两次田野调查数据,从社会脆弱性的两个过程——风险暴露和应对能力——出发,分析案例地牧民应对自然灾害能力的脆弱性。研究表明,在全球气候变暖的影响下,案例地近40年有暖干趋势,协同灾害增多;而草场划分到户和市场机制的引入不仅增加了牧民的风险暴露程度,而且使牧民原有低成本的灾害应对策略失效,牧民不得不依赖高成本的贮备和移动策略。此外,中央和地方政府实施的一系列草场保护项目又给牧民的灾害应对施加了诸多限制,由此导致牧民应对气候变化的能力减弱,脆弱性增加。     

于丹：一辈子追随自己的梦想

“中国梦”是每一个中国人的梦。我们每个人都是“中国梦”的主人公,也是“中国梦”的见证者。平凡的梦想汇聚起来,便是个人的命运、社会的脉动、国家的方向。要想实现所梦所想,离不开每一个人的辛勤付出。“中国梦”也是每一个中国女性的梦。在本刊2013年11期的编者的话中,这样的表述引起编者与读者的共鸣：“‘中国梦’之于中国女性,是巾帼建功之梦,是男女平等之梦,是家庭幸福之梦。”本刊从3期开始将采访来自各界的中国女性,探寻她们对于“中国梦”的理解,分享她们各自的梦想。本期采访对象是著名文化学者、北京师范大学教授、博士生导师于丹。     

Male and Female Civility: Toward Gender Justice

This article examines the concept of civility in American society taking into consideration the influence of gender and gender roles, especially that of women in 20th–century America. This was a century in which social roles, especially those of women, changed or expanded dramatically, influencing not only individual rights and relationships but also the structure of almost every organization from the family to the classroom, from corporations to statehouses. As women have transformed themselves and their presence in our culture, men have also been forced to examine their relationships with women and, more subtly, the role of men in our society. A study of male and female civility must take into consideration the history of relationships between the genders at the both the micro level (i.e., interpersonal relationships) as well as the macro level (organizational behavior). As we move forward into the 21st century, we must not only reflect on the progress made during the last several decades but also continue to explore strategies that will continue to advance a climate where gender civility becomes more entrenched in our cultural values. Some of the issues and possible solutions that must continue to be explored in terms of creating a more civil society for gender relations are discussed.     

Evaluating Climate Migration

Climate change will negatively impact human communities and ecosystems, including driving increased food insecurity, increased exposure to disease, loss of livelihood and worsening poverty. Recent climate debates have focused attention on climate migrants, people who are displaced by the ecological stresses caused by climate change. To date, these debates have focused a great deal of attention on state security issues and have left the gender implications largely unexplored. In this article we examine the securitization of climate migration debates through gender lenses. We find that gender helps reveal and focus attention on the human security implications of climate migration and offers a useful discourse for climate policymaking.     

“So Tell Me,Why Do Women Need Something Different?”

SUMMARY

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of women in the criminal justice system over the past two decades, creating the need for gender-specific responses and programs in jails, prisons, and community corrections. Systems must adapt to appropriately respond to women and their families. Institutions and community-based organizations must help women to deal with their histories of trauma, violence, and substance abuse. One gender-specific, strength-based, community model for support is presented.     

Women’s Cultures and Social Movements in Global Contexts

This article examines the role that women’s cultures and communities have played in political protest and social change. We argue that women’s cultures, which form around the reproductive roles, labor, and emotional expectations placed on women, have been used to express femininity and as cultural resources or “toolkits” to transform male‐dominated spheres of society. We begin by defining women’s cultures, emphasizing that there is no universal women’s culture because the structural arrangements and cultural meanings of gender vary by race, ethnicity, class, nationality, and political context. We then review research that demonstrates the significance of women’s cultures for the collective identities and tactics deployed in social movements and protest, demonstrating how the study of women’s cultures and gender processes in social movements has contributed empirically and theoretically to understanding social movements. We examine women’s cultures and collective identities in communities as wide ranging as self‐help groups, lesbian communities, feminist organizations, and anti‐feminist groups. We then draw on prevailing theories of cultural change in globalization studies (cultural differentialism, cultural convergence, and cultural hybridization) to understand how women’s cultures have contributed to social change. We conclude by identifying future directions for the study of women’s cultures and social movements.     

Palestinian-Israeli single mothers accord motherhood a new meaning ‘I would like to teach my children a new way of life … I'm responsible for them now’

Over the last three decades, Palestinian society in Israel has undergone numerous changes, reflected in the rising numbers of families headed by single mothers. This article is based on a study conducted between 2007 and 2011 among 24 divorced, separated, and widowed Palestinian single mothers in Israel. I analyze this emerging family configuration, focusing on these women’s experiences as mothers and on how they accord new meaning to motherhood. My analysis will deal with the diverse ways these women ‘do motherhood’ and negotiate with different familial players. It will extend beyond the discourse on motherhood to shed light on the current changes in power and gender relations taking place in Palestinian-Israeli society.     

Transition to fatherhood: New perspectives in the global context of changing men's identities

The proposed thematic session aims to highlight the main challenges that the cultural and structural changes within the families and in gender relations and the changing social expectations about men's involvement in the care of children and about fatherhood pose to men's and fathers’ identity. Fathering in contemporary society requires men to be simultaneously provider, guide, household help and nurturer. The difficulties of these roles, and the tensions they sometimes produce, challenge men's relationships with their female partners, the meaning and place of work in their lives and their sense of self as competent adults. We will also explore the relationship between transitions to fatherhoods and the challenges of balancing work and family obligations. How to balance paid work, other interests and relationships with responsibilities, anxieties and pleasures of childrearing are today concerns for both men and women.     

Exploring gender approach to climate change and agroecology: Women farmer's search for agency in India

Employing the frame of gender and political ecology, this paper analyses the synergies of indigenous knowledge, agroecological farming and local conservation as a sustainable mitigation and adaptation strategy for climate change in Tehri Garhwal in the state of Uttarakhand, India. The study is based on field research conducted between 2017 and 2018 exploring how women's roles in regenerative agriculture provide them with agency. the nature of which has not been explored. While there is a need to mainstream such practices to sustain the commons and women's empowerment through structural, institutional and financial support, it is crucial to analyze the scope of this empowerment. This paper highlights the predicament of women farmers as their ability to exercise agency in the agricultural space does not necessarily translate into overall empowerment or a transformation of existing gender- and caste- based hierarchical power relations in society, as the latter will require interventions along multiple fronts.     

大学生社会实践长效性机制构建的探索

通过调查分析了大学生社会实践活动取得的成果和存在的问题;结合国外大学生社会实践的经验,提出构建大学生社会实践长效性体系的构想:领导重视,形成制度,突出实效;转变学生社会实践观念,满足学生需求;多方联系,寻求社会支持;建立网络实践平台,全程推进社会实践活动;为学生社会实践提供实践教师指导,为学生提供全程服务。     

Assessing the Impact of Office Automation on Employee Productivity and Health

The pressure to increase productivity is driving many industries to automate. By the year 2000 experts foresee that the VDT will be as common as the telephone is today on the desks of office workers. Just as the mechanization of farm and factory work changed our society and economy in the past, so will the automation of white-collar work influence and change the work process and society. This paper will explore the productivity, cultural, health and mental health issues of office automation. We also discuss the role EAP's can play to help business ameliorate or avoid potential problems associated with the darker side of office automation.