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为了有效地缩短订货提前期与降低库存成本,首先从Stackelberg主从对策角度建立了含服务水平约束的可控提前期供应链库存优化模型,提出了该模型的求解算法;然后从集中决策角度建立了另一类含服务水平约束的可控提前期供应链库存优化模型,并提出该模型的求解算法。利用数值分析对两类模型的优化效果进行比较,结果表明:集中决策模式下的优化效果明显优于Stackelberg主从对策模式下的优化效果,但在缺乏合理的激励机制情形下,供应链各参与方未必有足够积极性接受集中决策模式。为此,提出一种库存费用分担机制来激励供应链各参与方接受集中决策模式。 相似文献
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研究了在不确定交货条件下的一种供应链协调机制———Stackelberg 主从对策. 供应链中
的生产商作为主方,以成本最小为目标给出最佳的订货量和惩罚成本策略;供应商作为从方,
以使其效益最大化的最佳额外生产能力作为响应策略. 最后,以上海宝钢集团企业开发总公司
的尾板卷深加工为实际背景,采用遗传算法进行了仿真计算,结果表明主从对策的供应链协调
机制的有效性. 相似文献
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不确定JIT交货条件下供应链协调及主从对策问题研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
供应链中在不确定JIT交货条件下如何进行供应商与生产商之间的协调是一个十分重要的问题。考虑到供应链成员间决策的交互形式,本文在文[1]的供应商与生产商独立最优和联合最优的基础上提出了一种更具实际意义的供应链协调机制—Stackelberg主从对策,推导了Stackelberg均衡解。文中以上海宝钢集团企业开发总公司的尾板卷深加工为实际背景,分别在独立最优、联合最优和主从对策三种条件下进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明了主从对策的供应链协调机制的有效性。 相似文献
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从供应商的角度出发,针对一个供应商和多个零售商组成的分散式二级供应链,提出使用价格歧视策略来激励零售商参与信息共享.根据Stackelberg主从对策模型,在企业利润最大化约束下,建立了供应链中的定价激励模型.解出了供应商的最优定价策略,并比较了零售商之间的销售量和利润.最后从博弈论的角度,将本定价激励模型与统一定价模型进行了对比. 相似文献
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信息共享条件下供应链在线与传统销售渠道协调定价 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
研究了市场需求信息更新条件下,具有传统和在线销售的供应链双源渠道协调问题。建立了以制造商为主方,零售商为从方的Stackelberg主从对策模型,该模型实质是制造商在线销售价格与零售商传统销售价格之间协调;给出了需求信息共享和非共享两种情况下的供应链最优协调价格策略;分析了需求预测信息对供应链最优协调价格策略及其利润的影响;最后进行了数值计算,探讨了需求信息参数对供应链及其成员利润的影响。结果表明,信息共享下的供应链及其成员利润要高于非信息共享情况,而且,越精确的需求预测将导致更高的利润。 相似文献
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基于交货期库存协调的供应链转移定价研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在将缺货成本和延期惩罚成本纳入决策模型的前提下,对供应商—制造商两阶供应链在转移定价、安全库存,以及总成本之间的相互作用进行了探讨:首先探讨基于 Stackelberg 收益共享定价机制的最优决策;然后,以一体化供应链为参照系,探讨对供应链各成员的行为进行优化的两部制(two-part scheme)收益共享转移定价决策在实践中的运用;最后,探讨模型中部分变量变化对最优决策所产生的影响.通过分析发现,承诺的交货期、延期惩罚成本与缺货成本将会影响供应链的总成本和转移定价决策,进而影响供应商的最优库存决策,而制造商则可以通过适当的激励机制设计,激励供应商按照供应链整体最优的方式进行转移定价、安全库存及相关决策. 相似文献
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不确定交货条件下供应链协调的Stackelberg对策研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
研究了在不确定交货条件下的一种供应链协调机制--Stackelberg主从对策.供应链中的生产商作为主方,以成本最小为目标给出最佳的订货量和惩罚成本策略;供应商作为从方,以使其效益最大化的最佳额外生产能力作为响应策略.最后,以上海宝钢集团企业开发总公司的尾板卷深加工为实际背景,采用遗传算法进行了仿真计算,结果表明主从对策的供应链协调机制的有效性. 相似文献
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供应链渠道协调的收入共享契约模型 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
研究了委托销售条件下的供应链收入共享契约协调问题。在该契约下,零售商决定收入共享比例,供应商决定产品零售价格和生产数量,并保留产品所有权,双方所有关于需求、成本等信息都是对称的。综合考虑了产品残值收益和缺货损失情况,建立了以零售商为主方、供应商为从方的Stackelberg主从对策模型,分析了委托销售下分散供应链决策同集中供应链决策的关系,探讨了系统参数对供应链及其成员利润的影响,并进行了数值计算。研究表明,供应链及其成员绩效受两个系统参数,即需求价格弹性和零售商成本分摊比例的影响,从而为契约双方针对不同产品和各自成本结构签订最优契约提供决策依据。 相似文献
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构建了基于不同交货期策略的两供应商-单制造商协同供货模型.在对基于交货窗的协议交货期交货策略1和基于费用分担的可控交货期交货策略2进行分析和描述后,根据策略1建立了交货窗下基于协议交货期的两供应商-单制造商的stackelberg对策模型,分析了各自的最优决策;根据策略2建立了费用分担机制下基于可控交货期的两供应商-单制造商协调优化模型,给出了求解最优值的算法.接着分析了策略2优于策略1下的交货期压缩费用分担系数,给出了分担系数的范围,在此基础上建立了基于改进理想点的不对称Nash协商交货期压缩费用分担协调策略.最后通过数例对两种交货策略进行了分析比较并验证了本文的分担协调策略是有效的. 相似文献
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《Omega》2015
In this paper, an economic order quantity inventory model is analyzed, considering that the unit cumulative holding cost has two significant components: a fixed cost which represents the cost of accommodating the item in the warehouse and a variable cost given by a potential function of the length of time over which the item is held in stock. Shortages are allowed and, during the stockout period, only a fraction of demand is partially backordered. The backordering cost includes a fixed cost and a cost linearly dependent on the length of time for which backorder exists. A solution procedure is developed for determining the optimal inventory policy. Moreover, to illustrate the effects of some parameters on the optimal policy and the minimum total inventory cost, a numerical study is developed. 相似文献
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本文研究一类新的多产品库存控制策略,即具有多元马氏需求特征的多产品多阶段的订货点订货量(Q, R, SS)策略,该策略考虑市场需求在不同产品之间具有多元马氏转移特征,并考虑缺货因素设置安全库存。论文首先建立了多产品多阶段的多元马氏需求预测模型,并通过该模型确定了各种产品需求之间的关系。同时,在该模型的理论基础上,提出了多产品多阶段的总期望成本模型及其最优(Q, R, SS)策略,进而结合算例给出模型的最优策略的数值解。 相似文献
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《Omega》2019
We consider an inventory installation, controlled by the periodic review base stock (S, T) policy and facing a fixed-rate deterministic demand which, if unsatisfied, is backordered. The supply process is unreliable, so supply deliveries may fail according to an independent Bernoulli process; we refer to such failures reflecting the supply service quality and being internal to the supply chain, as endogenous disruptions. We seek to jointly determine the two policy variables, so to minimize long-run average cost. While an approximate model for this problem was recently analyzed, we present an exact analysis, valid for two common accounting schemes for inventory cost evaluation: continuous and end-of-cycle costing. After developing a unified (and exact) average cost model for both costing schemes, the cost for each scheme is analyzed. In both cases, the optimal policy variables and cost prevail in closed-form, having an identical structure to those of EOQ (with backorders). In fact, under continuous costing, the optimal solution reduces to EOQ for perfect supply. Analytical properties, demonstrating the impact of deteriorating supply quality on the optimal policy, are established. Moreover, computations reveal the cost impact of deploying heuristics that either ignore supply disruptions or rely on inaccurate costing information. 相似文献
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Qingying Li Pengfei Guo Chung‐Lun Li Jing‐Sheng Song 《Production and Operations Management》2016,25(9):1513-1527
We consider a make‐to‐stock, finite‐capacity production system with setup cost and delay‐sensitive customers. To balance the setup and inventory related costs, the production manager adopts a two‐critical‐number control policy, where the production starts when the number of waiting customers reaches a certain level and shuts down when a certain quantity of inventory has accumulated. Once the production is set up, the unit production time follows an exponential distribution. Potential customers arrive according to a Poisson process. Customers are strategic, i.e., they make decisions on whether to stay for the product or to leave without purchase based on their utility values, which depend on the production manager's control decisions. We formulate the problem as a Stackelberg game between the production manager and the customers, where the former is the game leader. We first derive the equilibrium customer purchasing strategy and system performance. We then formulate the expected cost rate function for the production system and present a search algorithm for obtaining the optimal values of the two control variables. We further analyze the characteristics of the optimal solution numerically and compare them with the situation where the customers are non‐strategic. 相似文献
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We extend the Clark–Scarf serial multi‐echelon inventory model to include procuring production inputs under short‐term take‐or‐pay contracts at one or more stages. In each period, each such stage has the option to order/process at two different cost rates; the cheaper rate applies to units up to the contract quantity selected in the previous period. We prove that in each period and at each such stage, there are three base‐stock levels that characterize an optimal policy, two for the inventory policy and one for the contract quantity selection policy. The optimal cost function is additively separable in its state variables, leading to conquering the curse of dimensionality and the opportunity to manage the supply chain using independently acting managers. We develop conditions under which myopic policies are optimal and illustrate the results using numerical examples. We establish and use a generic one‐period result, which generalizes an important such result in the literature. Extensions to cover variants of take‐or‐pay contracts are included. Limitations are discussed. 相似文献
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考虑多种安全设置策略的物流网络的选址-库存问题,不仅是选址、订货、运输和库存的集成优化,还需要考虑多种不同的安全库存设置和转运策略。因此,本文深入讨论了二级物流网络中的六种安全库存设置策略,构建了六种考虑不同安全库存设置的选址-库存模型。在考虑集中设置安全库存时,集中安全库存需要通过转载运输实现,因此需要将转载运输成本引入选址-库存模型之中,使新的选址-库存模型更加科学合理。另外,针对六种新的选址-库存模型,提出了基于个体成本差异分配的遗传算法,迭代搜索选址、分配、库存设置策略的优化组合。最后,通过数据实验验证了模型的有效性:(1)安全库存与转载运输之间存在此消彼长的背反关系;(2)安全库存设置和转载运输策略对总成本的影响取决于两种费率权重情况。本文的研究可以为二级物流网络的选址、订货和安全库存策略集成优化决策提供参考依据。 相似文献