城镇化水平、农村劳动力转移与经济增长

文章基于2009—2013年省级层面面板数据,实证检验了城镇化水平、农村劳动力转移以及两者交互效应对经济增长的影响机制,研究表明：城镇化水平越高的地区,经济发展状况越好;农村劳动力转入越多的地区,经济发展状况越好;在其他条件不变的情况下,在城镇化水平较低的地区,农村劳动力转移对于经济增长的促进作用会更加明显。基于以上研究结论,提出推动我国经济均衡跨越发展的对策建议。     

新型城镇化过程中农村剩余劳动力转移就业研究

本文对新型城镇化建设过程中的农村剩余劳动力转移就业问题进行了深入的探讨和研究。针对目前我国城镇化过程中面临的农村剩余劳动力转移就业问题,提出在城镇化、工业化、农业现代化三化协调发展中稳步推进新型城镇化建设是促进农村剩余劳动力转移就业问题有效解决的根本途径,而在"三化"协调发展中逐步推出和完善城镇化相关配套政策和措施则是解决农村剩余劳动力转移就业问题的基本保障。     

浅析我国农村劳动力转移模式

一、我国农村劳动力转移模式改革开放以来,我国已有2亿多农村劳动力通过不同方式转入非农业部门就业,对改变农村面貌,加快工业化和城镇化进程,作出了重要贡献。从劳动力转移模式来看,以1990     

农村劳动力就地转移的影响因素研究——基于陕西省中部地区的调查

本文基于对陕西省中部地区8个样本村的调查数据,运用Logistic模型对影响农村劳动力"就地转移"的因素进行实证分析。研究发现:陕西省中部地区村域资源拥有及开发程度、村干部素质、村城基础设施条件、距城镇距离和家庭身份等对农村劳动力是否进行就地转移具有显著影响。为进一步促进农村劳动力的就地转移,实现农村劳动力资源的有效配置,需要重视村干部的作用,加快农村各项优势资源的充分开发,加强农村公共基础设施建设,推进小城镇建设,充分发挥农村母亲在就地转移中的作用。     

15位两院院士联名上书中央:提防人口大国无人种地

无人种地是一个无法回避的问题。随着我国工业化、城镇化进程快速推进,农村劳动力特别是青壮年劳动力大量转移到非农产业,农业劳动力短缺问题日益严重。中国科学院、中国工程院的15位院士联名向中央提交《关于解决"三农"问题的建议》指出,若不     

九十年代中国农村劳动力转移的特征、作用与趋势

９０年代中国经济稳步快速发展,促使农村劳动力转移峰回路转,走出 ８０年代的阴影,开始新一轮的转移。本文主要根据已有调查结果分析了９０年代农村劳动力转移在总量、方式、产业、人口学等方面出现的新特征,分析了农村劳动力异地转移对中西部农村地区经济社会发展及促进我国城市化水平实质性提高的作用,最后探讨今后我国农村劳动力转移的趋势。     

中国工业化与城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移的计量研究

农村劳动力转移关系到中国全面小康社会的建设 ,通过用计量方法对中国历史数据的分析发现 :农村劳动力转移的艰巨 ,劳动力的转移与农业发展的息息相关 ;劳动力转移的动力主要来自于工业化与城镇化 ,以及二者的互动发展 ;第三产业是吸纳农村剩余劳动力的主要产业 ,制约第三产业发展的主要因素是工业化、城镇化存在的偏差。     

我国农村城镇化的必要性及发展策略分析

我国"三农"问题与城市化严重滞后问题并存,使得快速、有序地转移农村剩余劳动力成为当务之急。在城市增加就业容量趋缓、农村劳动力日增且素质低下、乡镇企业由于分散而面临困境等诸多现实问题面前,农村城镇化成为推进我国城市化的主要途径之一。农村城镇化的发展要坚持走可持续的道路,需要因地制宜、各方面协同发展。     

均衡城镇化:大都市与中小城市协调共进

城镇化是扩大内需实现中国经济可持续发展的大战略。文章分析了当前中国城镇化发展的战略背景,研究了城镇化发展面临的战略机遇和存在的失衡状况,提出稳步推进城镇化的关键是实施均衡城镇化战略,走大都市与中小城市协调发展的道路。未来不仅要发挥大都市圈的集聚效应和规模效应,也要重视在都市圈以外地区发展中小城市和县城,积极推进农村城镇化。同时要引导劳动力和产业向中西部的回归与转移,促进区域协调发展。     

人口、“三农”、城镇化发展初探

积极稳妥推进城镇化发展,是我国经济社会发展进程中的重要工作。中央之所以重视和加强该项工作的推进,其根本原因在于,只有积极稳妥地推进城镇化发展,才能有效地推进农村人口向城镇转移,它是调整城乡结构、缩小城乡差别、统筹城乡发展的必由之路。我们必须站在新的历史起点上,不断地提速提质,解决好城镇化发展问题。     

就业、就业形势与就业对策——人口学视角的思考

本文从人口学角度入手分析我国就业问题,认为就业的内涵需要拓展;从人口发展形势分析,就业形势极其严峻,就业问题难以得到根本解决;人口学角度出发的缓解就业的对策包括普及高中阶段教育和实行城市妇女（部分人口）阶段性就业,并认为阶段性就业与社会性别平等并无冲突,而是对其有益的补充。     

广东劳动就业现状与走势分析

本文利用第五次人口普查资料,分析了广东劳动就业的现状、特点与走势,指出广东未来将面临越大越大的就业压力,就业的结构性矛盾日益突出。缓解就业压力的主要出路在于农村剩余劳动的有序转移,劳动力素质的提高,城镇化和民营经济的发展。     

大学毕业生隐性就业：偏见与重识

大学毕业生就业问题在学术界和社会上均引起了越来越多的关注。在全球金融危机与就业压力持续增加的情况下，转变对于隐性就业的认识和评价十分重要。在指出社会对大学生隐性就业的偏见的基础上，分析了大学毕业生隐性就业的现实与积极功能，提出了转变观念、重新认识这种职场选择的意义。     

Education,employment, and fertility in Kinshasa and prospects for changes in reproductive behavior

This paper examines fertility behavior of women in Kinshasa, Zaire's capital city with a population of roughly four million. We look at relationships linking women's education, employment, and fertility behavior (children ever born, age at first marriage, contraception, abortion, breastfeeding, and postpartum abstinence), using data from a 1990 survey of reproductive-age women. Other things equal, there are significant differences by educational attainment and by modern sector employment in lifetime fertility and in most of the proximate determinants as well. The results suggest that modern contraception and abortion are alternative fertility control strategies in Kinshasa, with abortion appearing to play an important role in contributing to the observed fertility differentials by education and employment. The dramatic increases that have taken place in women's access to secondary and higher education are likely to reduce fertility in the future, while the effects of Zaire's current economic and political crisis are uncertain. Our findings are consistent with some of the arguments of Caldwell et al. (1992) on a new type of fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. If Zaire seeks to lower fertility, policy efforts should be made to soften the impact of economic crisis on school enrollments and enhance opportunities for young women to remain in school, at least well into the secondary level. Policy should also seek to promote more effective marketing and delivery of modern family planning services, so as to induce women to substitute modern contraception for abortion as a means of controlling their fertility.     

“入世”对我国就业的影响及对策分析

本文立足于目前我国就业现状这个大背景 ,分析了加入WTO后将在就业总量的影响、不同产业的就业情况、高素质人才需求、促使人才优化配置和境外就业方面对我国就业产生新的影响 ,在此基础上有针对性地提出了对策方案     

Gender, Job Searching, and Employment Outcomes among Mexican Immigrants

Past quantitative research has typically disregarded the effect of gender on the relationship between social capital and immigrant adaptation. However, recent theory and qualitative evidence suggest that gender is a significant factor moderating this association. I use Mexican Migration Project (MMP) data regarding Mexican immigrant experiences in the U.S. to examine quantitatively how the process of job searching, and the effects of network-based job searching, vary by gender. Results show no evidence of overall sex differences in the likelihood of using network (i.e., family-based or friend-based) or individual (i.e., non-network) job search methods, but there are sex differences in the processes affecting job search method used. Settlement increases women’s use of their friend networks to obtain work, while for men, it decreases the use of networks of any kind. Contrary to conventional wisdom, women who use network-based job searches are less likely to obtain formal sector employment than women who find work without network assistance. Conversely, using network-based job searches increases the likelihood that men will find work in the formal sector. Since employment in the formal sector is correlated with wages, as well as nonwage benefits, this suggests that using networks in the job search has markedly different effects on the overall economic well-being of male and female Mexican immigrants in the U.S.     

中国劳动人口就业形势的差异分析

近年来,中国进入劳动年龄的人口增量巨大,就业人员迅速增长,占总人口的比重达到了迄今为止的最高点。在劳动就业领域不少长期存在的问题远未得到根本性的改善,如就业压力沉重,劳动者科学文化素质不高,全国统一的劳动市场尚有待完善,地区差异悬殊等,均构成了中国将长期面临的严峻挑战。此外,不同人群和不同地区之间,劳动人口的在业率和行业构成也存在着明显的差异。     

欧盟共同就业策略的基础及其发展

1997年制定的《欧盟就业指南1998》中明确了欧盟共同就业策略的基础:企业家的权利和职能,就业能力,适应能力以及相等的就业机会。从此以后,欧盟就业政策的调和与制定都有较大的发展。在欧盟成员国中,丹麦、奥地利、希腊和意大利在劳动力市场政策的运用中有许多成功的实践。     

影响中低层灵活就业群体实现就业的推拉因素分析——以3120名中低层灵活就业人员的调查为例

本文运用推拉理论对影响中低层灵活就业群体最终实现就业的因素进行分析.作者认为中低层灵活就业的实现是原行业的"推力"大于"拉力",而灵活就业"拉力"大于"推力"合力作用的结果.但由于个体就业意愿和就业环境因素对推力和拉力效应的制约,必须营造良好的制度环境,增大灵活就业的拉力作用.     

Immigrant assimilation pre and post labour market entry: evidence from the UK Labour Force Survey

We estimate models of employment an earnings for a sample of white and non-white male immigrants drawn from the Labour Force Survey between 1993 and 2004. Immigrants who arrived to enter the labour market (labour market entrants) are distinguished from those who arrived to complete their education (education entrants). Diverse patterns of labour market assimilation are found depending on ethnicity and immigrant type. Amongst labour market entrants, whites do better than non-whites, whilst amongst education entrants, highly qualified prime-age non-whites perform as well as their white counterparts. Relative to white natives, labour market outcomes for all immigrant groups have a tendency to decline with age.