社会发展·人格转型·教育定位——当代青少年教育取向及路径的新思考

本文认为物质-经济、人-国民、文化-制度与社会存在着一种互动关系,社会发展与人格转型以及青少年的教育也存在着一种相应的联动关系.现代社会是公共社会,也是风险社会,现代国民素质教育的定位决定了青少年教育的重心.我们应在对青少年影响最大的日常生活,特别是网络生活中,培养青少年以独立人格为核心的现代国民素质,进而实现"物-人-文化-社会"的良性的、可持续的互动发展.     

“90后”对社会主义核心价值观的认同及其影响因素

"90后"一代正处于15-24岁的青少年时期,是社会主义核心价值观培育与践行的重要人群。对上海、武汉和天津三地"90后"青少年的诚信观与友善观进行问卷调查结果表明,青少年对"友善"的认同显著高于对"诚信"的认同;随年级升高,诚信观趋向消极;女生对"诚信"和"友善"的认同均高于男生。家庭物质经济条件、生活安全感、亲子关系、同学关系、上网时间及青少年自我评价等对于社会主义核心价值观的认同影响显著。     

学生视角下校园“套路贷”甄别与防范研究——基于宿迁高校的调查分析

"套路贷"向高校校园蔓延的趋势已经引起关注和重视。文章通过对宿迁高校的深入调研,总结出当前校园"套路贷"的主要"套路",给出具体甄别方法,最后从学生视角提出相应的防范对策,以期促进校园"套路贷"的专项研究与防治。     

从“网红”大火现象谈互联网时代青少年的主体性危机

青少年是网络的主要使用群体,网络在其社会化的过程中发挥了举足轻重的作用。网络不断带给青少年全新的认知与消费体验的同时,在一定程度上剥夺了主动性与能动性。"网红"现象火爆是互联网经济与文化发展的产物,折射出互联网时代青少年的主体性面临的深刻危机。本文从认知、态度与行动三个层面逐渐深入解读,对青少年认知与审美的主体性、消费行为的主体性,以及价值观塑造的主体性四个方面进行分析,阐释这场全民狂欢背后青少年的主体性迷失。     

青少年社会化中的“成人本位”困境及其超越

当前父母与子女、教师与学生之间的隔阂、矛盾和冲突在理论源头上可追溯到"成人本位"的社会化理念与实践:即以社会的需求、成年人的价值观念和利益原则来指导未青少年的社会化,把青少年对成人世界的靠拢和同化视为社会化的本质特征,而忽略了对青少年主体地位的尊重。随着信息技术的发展,这种社会化理念与实践遭遇到了时代困境。奠定交往理性的哲学基础,实现成人与青少年在主体上的平等地位,创设成人与青少年平等对话的语境,是重构社会化理念的基本理路。     

基于社会网络理论视角下"三失"青少年的资本缺失问题

"三失"青少年是指失学、失业和失管青少年.对G省1488名"三失"青少年的调查研究发现,该群体位于社会边缘地带,资本缺失严重,在家庭网络、同辈网络、学校网络和社区网络等社会网络建构方面能力不足,难以获取相应资源,较难融入社会主流.帮扶"三失"青少年就要改善其经济环境,构建帮扶部门联动机制,建立信息监测系统,通过精细化帮扶,健全"三失"青少年社会网络,提升"三失"青少年的文化资本.     

以民间借贷为掩饰的罪与罚——“套路贷”的类型化分析及司法应对

"套路贷"犯罪具有极高的社会危害性,其以民间借贷为掩饰,行为具有隐蔽性,同时犯罪行为手段复杂,往往触犯多个罪名。"套路贷"不同于高利贷,后者只是普通的借贷纠纷,而前者是以侵财为目的的犯罪行为。对"套路贷"犯罪的不同类型的归类以及"套路贷"犯罪触犯的不同罪名的正确把握是研究的重点。     

新时代社区青少年劳动教育的价值与实现路径研究

开展新时代社区青少年劳动教育对于实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦、加强和创新社区治理以及构建新时代劳动教育体系具有重要意义。要从打造社区青少年劳动教育与社区治理相互融合新格局、建立共建共治共享"五位一体"劳动教育新模式、健全社区青少年劳动教育监督评价机制等方面探索新时代社区青少年劳动教育的实现路径,促进青少年的全面发展和社区的和谐进步。     

人行为训练到理性提升——养成教育的阶段性操作试探

养成教育就是青少年在早期形成好习惯的训练与后期实现理性提升的过程.遵循青少年思维形成的规律,从文化的视角审视青少年养成教育,可以将青少年养成教育分为少年儿童的养成教育与青年的养成教育两个彼此相互联系又相互独立的发展阶段.少年儿童的养成教育重在他律,是以行为训练为切入点的"应该怎么做",体现的是施教者"培养"少年儿童良好行为习惯的过程;青年的养成教育重在自律,是青年以自身道德品质内化为主要特征的"为什么"要这样做,体现的是青年自身"修养"理性提升的过程.这两个阶段相辅相承,前者是后者的必要准备,后者是前者的必然趋势.正确认识、处理这两个阶段的关系,实现他律与自律相互作用,双向运动,以期养成青少年良好道德习惯.     

科学发展视阈下的青少年观

科学发展观的核心是"以人为本",以"人的全面发展"为目标。新时期,在科学发展观指导下的青少年工作也要坚持"以青少年为本"的工作理念,树立科学的青少年观,以促进青少年的全面发展、促进社会的和谐与稳定。本文是在分析以青少年为本青少年观之内涵、特征基础上提出相关确立策略。     

Comment confronter mobilité « subjective » et mobilité « objective » ?

The methods for analyzing objective social mobility and subjective mobility as perceived by individuals are reviewed in the case of two surveys: Trois générations by the French Old-Age Fund (CNAV, Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Vieillesse) and Formation qualification professionnelle by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). These two surveys have formulated subjective mobility in quite different ways, but this observation also holds for objective mobility, which, for the purpose of comparison with respondents' subjective evaluations, is defined using specific procedures. A method is proposed for contrasting these two sorts of mobility based on classical mobility tables. When the latter are designed so as to cross three variables (social origins, destinations and average scores of subjective mobility), the spontaneous sociology that can be collectively detected in the assessments made by respondents turns out to be not very different from the scholarly sociology of social categories produced by sociologists. After showing that subjective and objective mobility vary coherently in relation to each other, an additional hypothesis is advanced to account for some discrepancies.     

Généalogie et évolution de la catégorie de « cadre » en Italie

Conceptions of the social world in industrialized countries use categories worked out in the course of a nation's history. In this respect, the notion of cadre for referring to both a concrete social group and a statistical, cognitive category turns out to be a French invention. From a societal perspective, why are there no cadres in Italy? Why is this sort of catchall category for referring to persons in the middle range of employees missing there? Although the notion crystallized through the French experience does not fit the Italian situation, we can inquire into it by examining the history of two close but distinct socioeconomic categories: quadri and dirigenti. A constructivist approach is taken to examining several aspects of the emergence of these categories in Italian society: the place of the institutions that defend and objectify them as a socioeconomic category; the expectations and aspirations that motivate them; the impact of historical and symbolical events in making these categories; and the role of sociologists who persist in analyzing Italian cadres by using quite different theoretical and ideological presuppositions.     

Le modèle de « l'État-stratège » : genèse d'une forme organisationnelle dans l'administration française

Since the 1990s, a new organisational form of the administrative system in France has been steadily redefining relations between central administrations and local state units. Labelled “the steering state” or the “managerial state”, this new paradigm hinges on separating the strategic functions of steering and controlling the state from the operational functions of execution and policy implementation. The making of this new form of state organization involves two parallel processes: political and cognitive. For one thing, the adoption of concrete measures for “government at distance” results from power struggles between three major ministries (Home Office, Budget and Civil Service). For another, a new legitimate “categorization of the state” is being formed in the major committees involved in the reform process of the 1990s; it is borne by top civil servants and inspired by the ideas of New Public Management. — Special issue: New patterns of institutions.     

Contenir le marché : la transition de la criée à la cotation électronique à la Bourse de Paris

Open outcry was fully replaced at the Paris Bourse by an automated trade execution system (CAC) in the late 1980s. In this article, we focus on the circumstances that made this transition possible. We analyze the diverse compromises (both social and technical) that the officials and engineers in charge of the innovation process constructed in order to stabilize the new market device. They had to carefully inscribe into the new system the interests of the actors at stake: bankers and stockbrokers. This case study contributes to economic sociology by drawing a relation between a technical device and the interests set around the “modernization” of a market.     

La précarité de l'emploi au service de la prospérité du fast-food

The fast food industry offers an exception to the traditional rule that steady employment and employee qualifications are necessary for business to thrive. Since this industry sprang up in the United States during the 1950s, its major firms have offered unskilled jobs to a young, devoted labor force in transit between fast-food establishments. As a consequence, the itineraries of incoming new hires and outgoing employees crisscross. Though causing a few operational problems, this high turnover rate among wage-earners is good for business. The major (just-in-time) principle of sales and production requires an exceptionally high commitment. Only new, young team-members correspond to the profile defined in these eateries.     

La restructuration des PMI à Saint-Étienne après la crise : traces du passé et limites de l'intégration horizontale

On the basis of a survey conducted in Saint-Étienne, France, as part of a comparative European project on “modes of governance” in local economies (which, thus, takes into account the level of small and medium-sized industry and the middle level of the territory), questions are raised about the goods and services that enable these industries to be competitive with big firms or holdings. For these industries, solutions developed two decades ago for the machine tool industry, mechanics and metal-working are still significant resources. The momentum detected in a small number of fields can lead to an increasing specialization and horizontal integration that favor a more competitive growth. How to know whether this momentum results from still (temporarily) active remnants of the past or whether it is evidence of a collective impetus that can stimulate new economic growth?     

Les « intermittents » de l'Église. Modalités d'emploi des personnels laïcs dans le catholicisme français

Given the shortage of priests, bishops have assigned permanent religious duties to several thousand laypersons, a majority of them women. Many of these persons have employment contracts. The employment conditions of this new type of permanent personnel tend to be unfavorable: assignments for a few years despite contracts of unlimited duration, part-time work and a nearly minimum wage. Various factors account for this fragility: the dire financial straits of French dioceses; ecclesiastical authorities, determination to present the clergy as the only fully legitimate, permanent personnel in the Church; and the attitude of laypersons who seem to be satisfied with their lot. The efforts to institutionalize this work have encountered difficulties with respect to both the labor code and the unexpected effects produced internally by the advocacy of a “culture of limited duration commitment”.     

Les usages nationaux d'une science « globale » : La diffusion de nouveaux paradigmes économiques comme stratégie hégémonique et enjeu domestique dans les champs nationaux de reproduction des élites d'État

This paper analyses the production and international diffusion of different forms of State expertise, such as economics, from a threefold perspective: hegemonic strategies structured around the Cold War, professional rivalries between lawyers and economists within the field of state power and the internationalisation of the academic circuits for the reproduction of national elites. In order to understand the relatively low (or delayed) introduction of neo-liberal paradigm in Asia, it starts by highlighting the authoritarian genesis of these new fields of economic expertise, as an instrument for the developmental policies launched by the Cold War dictatures, such as Suharto in Indonesia or Marcos in the Philippinnes. Then, by focusing on the cases of India and South Corea, it analyses how the processes of institutionnalisation and consolidation of these new professional fields was structured around an international division of scientific labour, in which the elite US campuses control both the production of theoretical innovation and the academic networks for the reproduction of the elites of the periphery.     

La carrière des artistes et les transformations de la production musicale. Relations de travail et relation au travail dans le monde des musiques rap et électroniques

The interaction between the artistic and managerial poles of the world formed by the persons specialized in rap and electronic music in France is described as well as musicians' occupational culture. The aesthetic and organizational characteristics of these musical genres are shown to influence the division of labour in recording and production. Owing to the combination of artistic and managerial activities typical of these musicians, occupational networks are fluid. This blurring of roles is especially visible in the recording labels used from home studios. Technical changes in the “tools” for this work have led these artists to become professionally involved in management and advertising. Cultural motivations also explain this involvement: the critical stance adopted by the “cultures” of rap, electro, techno, etc., tends to make obsolete the image of the artist as a creator who avoids the engineering aspects of the commercial distribution of his recordings. In contrast, rap and electronic musicians' careers develop through participation in many and various projects, which nurtures their artistic production, improves the quality of their groups and enhances their reputations. Accepting more short-term professional engagements supposedly increases their control over their career profiles. However these musicians voice concerns, in particular, about bonds between the individual and the groups whom they cross (and who cross them) — concerns that can be extended to other types de workers caught up in an occupational world organized “by project”.     

Retour sur le « secteur informel ». L'économie du Katanga (Congo-Zaïre) face à la falsification de la loi

In the social sciences, the idea of an informal sector has been criticized more for the classification of economic activities in two separate sectors than for the labeling of them as “formal” or “informal”. In the Congo (formerly Zaire), the use of such labels is ambiguous. Labeling has to be understood in the context of corruption, i.e., in a transaction involving the personal networks and social identities of the parties to it. An analysis is made of how such transactions with civil servants shape the local market in the case of the import trade in Katanga. Compared with the formal/informal cleavage, this approach enables us both to see the labeling of economic activities as a social and political process and to draw attention to the plurality of such practices in relations with authorities.