物质生活对青少年价值观认同的影响及对策

物质生活深刻影响着人们的价值观认同与践行。青少年的价值观认同与践行,也深受物质生活的影响。面对"资本逻辑"的冲击、市场经济中利益原则的挑战和青少年自身的物质生活经历,既要避免忽视物质生活使青少年价值观教育陷入空洞的说教,又要避免青少年价值观出现物质化倾向。为此,一要正视物质生活的影响,夯实青少年价值观教育的物质基础;二要以正确的物质观念引领青少年深化对社会主义核心价值观的理论认同;三要引领青少年在物质需要与精神追求的统一中增强对社会主义核心价值观的情感认同。     

“80后”“90后”青年对社会主义核心价值观的认同——基于代际和阶层比较

代际性和阶层性是当代青年文化的基本特征,"80后""90后"青年对社会主义核心价值观的认同存在代际差异和阶层差异。"80后""90后"青年对国家层面价值观最认同富强,对社会层面价值观最追求自由,对个人层面价值观最注重诚信。在代际差异上,"90后"更向往自由等后物质主义价值观,"80后"更看重富强和法治,并且"90后"的内部异质性大于"80后"。在阶层差异上,富裕家庭青年最认同文明、自由和法治,中产阶层家庭青年最认同民主,城市贫困家庭青年最认同平等和公正,外来务工青年最认同富强、文明和和谐,体现出不同阶层青年在物质和精神追求上存在较大差异。     

浅谈践行社会主义核心价值观在高校辅导员工作中的运用

党的十八大提出,倡导"富强、民主、文明、和谐、自由、平等、公正、法治、爱国、敬业、诚信、友善",积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。班级应当成为建设社会主义核心价值体系的主阵地,以班级教育为抓手,将培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,与班级建设相结合,发挥辅导员教育作用,辅导员必须做社会主义核心价值观念的传播者和践行者,将社会主义核心价值观"内化于心、外化于行,知行合一"。     

试论社会主义核心价值观融入初中语文教学的途径

社会主义核心价值观是现阶段国家、社会、公民最新的价值观风向标。中央将社会主义核心价值观教育融入国民教育,这就要求要利用好学校这一阵地积极做好价值观教育工作。初中语文教师要结合语文学科特点和课程优势,将"爱国、敬业、诚信、友善"的核心价值观充分融入到语文教学中去,本文尝试寻找核心价值观融入初中语文教学的途径,以期对初中学生形成积极向上的价值观有所帮助。     

同根同源:沂蒙精神与社会主义核心价值观

党和国家"倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐,倡导自由、平等、公正、法治,倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善的社会主义核心价值观,~([1])习近平强调,要让社会主义核心价值观成为凝魂聚气、强基固本的基础工程。以"爱党爱军、开拓奋进、艰苦创业、无私奉献"为主要内涵的沂蒙精神,体现着党不变的核心价值观。沂蒙精神与社会主义核心价值观本质一致,在践行社会主义核心价值观中承担着载体的作用,因此,新时期践性社会主义核心价值观的路径之一是要大力弘扬沂蒙精神。     

对中小学生培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的思考

党的十八大提出,倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐,倡导自由、平等、公正、法治,倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善．积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,这是对社会主义核心价值观的最新概括。富强、民主、文明、和谐是国家层面的价值目标,自由、平等、公正、法治是社会层面的价值取向,爱国、敬业、诚信、友善是公民个人层面的价值准则。作为育人前沿阵地的学校和课堂,如何加强和推进中小学社会主义核心价值观培育,成为各中小学教育面临的新形势、新任务。笔者就对中小学生培育和践行社会主义核心价值观提出几点思考。     

结合中华优秀传统文化开展高校学生德育工作——以践行社会主义核心价值观为例

中华优秀传统文化与社会主义核心价值观有契合之处,"爱国、敬业、诚信、友善"是公民个人层面的价值准则,也是蕴含于传统文化中的传统美德。高校辅导员可借助著作、故事、案例等多种形式,学习和体会中华优秀传统文化与社会主义核心价值观的共通之处。高校、专业教师、辅导员可通过理念选择、公共课教育、组织学生活动等多种形式,弘扬中华优秀传统文化,践行社会主义核心价值观。     

积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观的现实意义

十八大科学总结了建设社会主义核心价值体系的实践经验,提出"三个倡导",即"倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐,倡导自由、平等、公正、法治,倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善,积极培育社会主义核心价值观"。在社会主义核心价值体系基础上总结出来的社会主义核心价值观对于我国未来发展具有十分重要的意义。历史经验证明,一个国家的崛起不能仅仅靠硬实力,还应该提升软实力。软实力的核心就是核心价值观。当前,我国正处在全面建成小康社会的决定性阶段,积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观是非常必要的。     

多元化背景下社会主义核心价值观培育载体研究

党的十八大明确提出"倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐,倡导自由、平等、公正、法治,倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善,积极培育社会主义核心价值观",在史无前例的鼎新、成长和改革历程中,各类价值观念和社会思潮纷繁复杂,研究社会主义核心价值观的培育载体,对凝聚中国力量、实现中国梦,具有重要意义。     

新时代中国青年友善观践行之难论析

进入新时代,青年践行友善观对青年发展和社会发展更为重要。反思中国青年友善观践行的行为出发点、行为过程及行为结果,仍存有一些问题,如自我向他者的跨越难题、利益与友善的选择难题、适当的道德回应难题。在以教育手段化解这些难题的友善观培育过程中,因价值观教育特性把握的缺少和知识教育本位的侵占,教育效果并不理想。因此,认清进而把握新时代中国青年友善观践行的突出问题,是明晰新时代中国青年友善观乃至社会主义核心价值观培养方向,引导广大青年成为德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人的重要前提。     

Généalogie et évolution de la catégorie de « cadre » en Italie

Conceptions of the social world in industrialized countries use categories worked out in the course of a nation's history. In this respect, the notion of cadre for referring to both a concrete social group and a statistical, cognitive category turns out to be a French invention. From a societal perspective, why are there no cadres in Italy? Why is this sort of catchall category for referring to persons in the middle range of employees missing there? Although the notion crystallized through the French experience does not fit the Italian situation, we can inquire into it by examining the history of two close but distinct socioeconomic categories: quadri and dirigenti. A constructivist approach is taken to examining several aspects of the emergence of these categories in Italian society: the place of the institutions that defend and objectify them as a socioeconomic category; the expectations and aspirations that motivate them; the impact of historical and symbolical events in making these categories; and the role of sociologists who persist in analyzing Italian cadres by using quite different theoretical and ideological presuppositions.     

Comment confronter mobilité « subjective » et mobilité « objective » ?

The methods for analyzing objective social mobility and subjective mobility as perceived by individuals are reviewed in the case of two surveys: Trois générations by the French Old-Age Fund (CNAV, Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Vieillesse) and Formation qualification professionnelle by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). These two surveys have formulated subjective mobility in quite different ways, but this observation also holds for objective mobility, which, for the purpose of comparison with respondents' subjective evaluations, is defined using specific procedures. A method is proposed for contrasting these two sorts of mobility based on classical mobility tables. When the latter are designed so as to cross three variables (social origins, destinations and average scores of subjective mobility), the spontaneous sociology that can be collectively detected in the assessments made by respondents turns out to be not very different from the scholarly sociology of social categories produced by sociologists. After showing that subjective and objective mobility vary coherently in relation to each other, an additional hypothesis is advanced to account for some discrepancies.     

Le modèle de « l'État-stratège » : genèse d'une forme organisationnelle dans l'administration française

Since the 1990s, a new organisational form of the administrative system in France has been steadily redefining relations between central administrations and local state units. Labelled “the steering state” or the “managerial state”, this new paradigm hinges on separating the strategic functions of steering and controlling the state from the operational functions of execution and policy implementation. The making of this new form of state organization involves two parallel processes: political and cognitive. For one thing, the adoption of concrete measures for “government at distance” results from power struggles between three major ministries (Home Office, Budget and Civil Service). For another, a new legitimate “categorization of the state” is being formed in the major committees involved in the reform process of the 1990s; it is borne by top civil servants and inspired by the ideas of New Public Management. — Special issue: New patterns of institutions.     

Contenir le marché : la transition de la criée à la cotation électronique à la Bourse de Paris

Open outcry was fully replaced at the Paris Bourse by an automated trade execution system (CAC) in the late 1980s. In this article, we focus on the circumstances that made this transition possible. We analyze the diverse compromises (both social and technical) that the officials and engineers in charge of the innovation process constructed in order to stabilize the new market device. They had to carefully inscribe into the new system the interests of the actors at stake: bankers and stockbrokers. This case study contributes to economic sociology by drawing a relation between a technical device and the interests set around the “modernization” of a market.     

La précarité de l'emploi au service de la prospérité du fast-food

The fast food industry offers an exception to the traditional rule that steady employment and employee qualifications are necessary for business to thrive. Since this industry sprang up in the United States during the 1950s, its major firms have offered unskilled jobs to a young, devoted labor force in transit between fast-food establishments. As a consequence, the itineraries of incoming new hires and outgoing employees crisscross. Though causing a few operational problems, this high turnover rate among wage-earners is good for business. The major (just-in-time) principle of sales and production requires an exceptionally high commitment. Only new, young team-members correspond to the profile defined in these eateries.     

La restructuration des PMI à Saint-Étienne après la crise : traces du passé et limites de l'intégration horizontale

On the basis of a survey conducted in Saint-Étienne, France, as part of a comparative European project on “modes of governance” in local economies (which, thus, takes into account the level of small and medium-sized industry and the middle level of the territory), questions are raised about the goods and services that enable these industries to be competitive with big firms or holdings. For these industries, solutions developed two decades ago for the machine tool industry, mechanics and metal-working are still significant resources. The momentum detected in a small number of fields can lead to an increasing specialization and horizontal integration that favor a more competitive growth. How to know whether this momentum results from still (temporarily) active remnants of the past or whether it is evidence of a collective impetus that can stimulate new economic growth?     

Les « intermittents » de l'Église. Modalités d'emploi des personnels laïcs dans le catholicisme français

Given the shortage of priests, bishops have assigned permanent religious duties to several thousand laypersons, a majority of them women. Many of these persons have employment contracts. The employment conditions of this new type of permanent personnel tend to be unfavorable: assignments for a few years despite contracts of unlimited duration, part-time work and a nearly minimum wage. Various factors account for this fragility: the dire financial straits of French dioceses; ecclesiastical authorities, determination to present the clergy as the only fully legitimate, permanent personnel in the Church; and the attitude of laypersons who seem to be satisfied with their lot. The efforts to institutionalize this work have encountered difficulties with respect to both the labor code and the unexpected effects produced internally by the advocacy of a “culture of limited duration commitment”.     

Les usages nationaux d'une science « globale » : La diffusion de nouveaux paradigmes économiques comme stratégie hégémonique et enjeu domestique dans les champs nationaux de reproduction des élites d'État

This paper analyses the production and international diffusion of different forms of State expertise, such as economics, from a threefold perspective: hegemonic strategies structured around the Cold War, professional rivalries between lawyers and economists within the field of state power and the internationalisation of the academic circuits for the reproduction of national elites. In order to understand the relatively low (or delayed) introduction of neo-liberal paradigm in Asia, it starts by highlighting the authoritarian genesis of these new fields of economic expertise, as an instrument for the developmental policies launched by the Cold War dictatures, such as Suharto in Indonesia or Marcos in the Philippinnes. Then, by focusing on the cases of India and South Corea, it analyses how the processes of institutionnalisation and consolidation of these new professional fields was structured around an international division of scientific labour, in which the elite US campuses control both the production of theoretical innovation and the academic networks for the reproduction of the elites of the periphery.     

La carrière des artistes et les transformations de la production musicale. Relations de travail et relation au travail dans le monde des musiques rap et électroniques

The interaction between the artistic and managerial poles of the world formed by the persons specialized in rap and electronic music in France is described as well as musicians' occupational culture. The aesthetic and organizational characteristics of these musical genres are shown to influence the division of labour in recording and production. Owing to the combination of artistic and managerial activities typical of these musicians, occupational networks are fluid. This blurring of roles is especially visible in the recording labels used from home studios. Technical changes in the “tools” for this work have led these artists to become professionally involved in management and advertising. Cultural motivations also explain this involvement: the critical stance adopted by the “cultures” of rap, electro, techno, etc., tends to make obsolete the image of the artist as a creator who avoids the engineering aspects of the commercial distribution of his recordings. In contrast, rap and electronic musicians' careers develop through participation in many and various projects, which nurtures their artistic production, improves the quality of their groups and enhances their reputations. Accepting more short-term professional engagements supposedly increases their control over their career profiles. However these musicians voice concerns, in particular, about bonds between the individual and the groups whom they cross (and who cross them) — concerns that can be extended to other types de workers caught up in an occupational world organized “by project”.     

Retour sur le « secteur informel ». L'économie du Katanga (Congo-Zaïre) face à la falsification de la loi

In the social sciences, the idea of an informal sector has been criticized more for the classification of economic activities in two separate sectors than for the labeling of them as “formal” or “informal”. In the Congo (formerly Zaire), the use of such labels is ambiguous. Labeling has to be understood in the context of corruption, i.e., in a transaction involving the personal networks and social identities of the parties to it. An analysis is made of how such transactions with civil servants shape the local market in the case of the import trade in Katanga. Compared with the formal/informal cleavage, this approach enables us both to see the labeling of economic activities as a social and political process and to draw attention to the plurality of such practices in relations with authorities.