简论批判性思维与大学生素质教育

素质教育的核心就是要培育学生批判性思维能力,即有效地理解、评价和运用知识的能力,内容包括批判性思维的气质、品质和技能三个方面。开设批判性思维课程,并把批判性思维的培养与学科教学和日常生活有机地结合起来,是培养批判性思维,实现素质教育的途径和方法。     

工匠精神融入思想政治教育的意义和路径探析

工匠精神对于各行各业都有重要的价值和作用。将工匠精神融入思想政治教育,对培养生敬业精神、创新创造思维、尊师重道意识和精益求精品质有重要的意义。但当前工匠精神融入思想政治教育存在着重视程度不够、教师自身效能感低、生忽视工匠精神等问题,造成这些问题的原因有应试教育的影响、学校和老师对工匠精神的理解不足和社会多元价值观的冲击等。工匠精神融入思想政治教育的路径有组织教师进行专题培训、构建相关课程体系、营造良好氛围和提供制度保证等。这些切实可行的路径使工匠精神真正融入思想政治教育的同时,更好地肩负起对生思想政治教育的使命。     

基于语言文本教学的青少年创新思维能力培养

创新思维是推动一个社会创新的关键所在,而批判性创新思维能力则是形成创新思维的重要基础.通过整体论和主体间性视角,可以更好地探讨如何利用文本的语言特征进行基础性学术思维训练,即借助以阅读为输入、以写作为输出的平行读写模式,利用语篇中的宏观结构和超结构来培养批判性创新思维能力.这一过程主要包括三个阶段:教育者利用文本内的语言特征进行基础性的学术思维训练;借助语篇文本的超结构特征和功能,培养学习者的批判性创新思维能力;学习者借助已有的知识和思维技能对外部世界进行观察与分析,进而完成思维能力训练过程.虽然这一做法在实践中还需要更多观察,但却为创新思维能力的训练提供了新尝试.     

探讨高中思想政治课教学中学生创新思维的培养

创造性思维是指:具有深刻性、独创性、灵活性和批判性的思维。本文通过探讨高中思想政治课教学中培养学生创新思维的方法,以期培养学生的创新思维,提高学生的创新能力,进而培养出适应时代发展的实用型人才。     

信息技术创新教育的探索——基于任务驱动教学模式的实践与反思

本文展示了任务驱动教学模式在科学教育中的应用,分析了基于任务驱动而实施教学活动对于培养学生创造能力的意义。通过对日常教学经验的总结,在教学过程中培养学生的创新意识、创新思维、创新情感和创新技能。     

论高校思想政治理论课中的问题意识

问题意识作为一种主动探究问题的创造性思维,在社会科学研究中具有重要意义。基于问题意识,以高校思想政治理论课教学中如何实现问题意识的培养为主线,探讨了高校思想政治理论课在教育理念、教学内容和教学方法方面的现状,并从问题意识出发,解决思想政治理论课在教育理念、教育内容和教育方法中存在的问题,进而让问题意识在高校思想政治理论课的教学中得以实现。     

生物课堂中的创新教育

创新教育就是要培养学生具有创新素质和创新能力,创造力是"灌输"不出来的,创新型人才要靠创新教育来培养出来的。所谓创新教育就是通过有目的、有系统的创新教学与训练,使学生树立创新意识,培养创新品质,开发创新思维,初步掌握创新技能技法,从而提高学生创新素质的一种新型教育。那应该如何在生物教学中实现创新教育呢?本文将简要阐述如何在生物教学中进行创新教育。     

中华传统文化与大学生思想政治教育的融合

中国的传统文化历史悠久,在中国文明发展史中占有重要地位。到现今,我国的传统文化基本上发展完全,要做的是文化技艺的传承和再发展、创新。文化的传承要从小开始培养文化传承意识,例如,把中华传统文化与现代思想政治教育相结合等。在大学的思想政治教育中,适当引入传统文化的内容,对于我国传统文化的再发展和创新以及大学生对传统文化的现实意义探索学习,都具有重大作用。本文围绕这个主题,探讨有关如何把中华传统文化融入大学思想政治教育课程中。     

延安精神融入高校思想政治教育的价值与路径

中国共产党在延安这片黄土地上经过艰苦的斗争形成了伟大的延安精神,其中所蕴含的丰富理论与精神品质代表着我们党的优良传统与先进文化,对于新时代的文化、思想建设具有十分重要的指导意义。将延安精神融入高校思想政治教育,对于思想政治教育更好地承担自己立德树人的时代伟任具有十分重要的促进作用,二者的融合有利于学生树立为人民服务的宗旨、培养学生正确的人生观、价值观、艰苦奋斗的创新精神及科学精神的形成,使广大青年能够成为新时代的栋梁。     

批判性思维在思政课中的应用

批判性思维是一种科学的思维方式和思维技巧,对培养学生的批判性思维能力,培育具有创造性的人才具有重要的作用。在思政课中引用批判性思维,能够有效地提升课堂质量和效率,促进学生的全面发展。通过对批判性思维在思政课中的应用契机分析,得出如何将批判性思维与思政课有机结合起来,提高思政课的教学质量,培养高素质的社会所需人才。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.