社会文化变迁对婚姻家庭的影响及趋势

婚姻家庭既是人类文化的积淀,是社会文化的载体,也是传递社会文化的重要组成部分。在人类发展的历史长河中,婚姻家庭与社会文化变迁密切相关,社会文化变迁以各种方式影响着婚姻家庭的建立、形成与发展。以社会文化变迁为视角,通过对社会文化变迁与婚姻家庭的建立、形成与发展之间的互动关系的历史考察,从婚姻家庭形式、婚姻家庭制度、婚姻家庭观念、婚姻家庭习俗、婚姻家庭关系等方面探讨人类社会文化变迁与婚姻家庭变化发展之间的内在关系,揭示人类社会不同历史阶段社会文化变迁及其特点对人类社会婚姻家庭建立、形成与发展的影响,探索社会文化变迁与婚姻家庭变化规律,探寻在当代社会文化交汇、冲突、融合加快趋势下,社会文化变迁与婚姻家庭变化的趋势。     

试论人类两种生产的主要属性之异同

探讨两种生产在主要属性上的共同点和不同点,对于把握这两种生产的联系与区别,无疑是必要且有益处的。 一、两种生产的共同属性 两种生产的主要属性有一定的共同之处,主要有以下两点。 (1)社会性。此系人类独有,表现为一定的社会形态。两种生产都是在一定的社会形态中进行,受一定的社会形态的制约,又反映一定的社会形态。     

我国养老模式转型阶段关于“孝道”的思考

我国养老模式转型阶段关于“孝道”的思考王家春人类社会的养老模式延续到今天，可大致分为两大主体模式：一种是以中国为代表的东方模式，一种是以欧洲为代表的西方模式。东方养老模式系指以三代同堂为主要方式的家庭养老制度。西方养老模式则指以高福利为主要特征的社会...     

人口增长、经济发展、环境调节的综合体现了社会可持续发展

一、引言:人与自然人与自然的关系是历代社会科学学者研究的中心.马克思主义社会发展观认为人既有自然属性又有社会属性.一方面,人不同于动物.人类能有目的、有意识地进行物质资料生产并为此结成一定的社会关系.这种社会属性决定了动物生物界的发展规律与人类社会的本质有其不对应性.所以说人口规律不单纯是一种自然规律更是一种社会规律.人有能动性,人口是社会发展的产物.     

和谐社会建设需要构建合理的社会保障制度

本文采用文献研究的方法,并基于社会保障制度的社会功能理论,从社会保障制度体系、发展道路、水平指标以及基本目标等方面,论述我国和谐社会建设需要建立一种合理的社会保障制度,这种社会保障制度的体系应该是内容、结构与层次体系的相互协调,发展道路必须注意统一与差别的相互结合,水平指标应该是一种综合性的指标体系,基本目标应该是政治、经济、社会与道德目标的协调一致。     

浅析河北省人口性别比年龄差异的特点

<正> 两性人口的构成是否保持相对平衡,这是人们普遍关注的问题,因为它是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要条件,对婚姻家庭、人口再生产、人口迁移和人口构成都有着巨大的影响。因此,探讨性别比的变化规律,研究其特点,有着重要的现实意义。本文试图就河北人口性别比年龄差异的特点,对河北人口性别结构进行粗浅的探讨。     

中国古代婚姻年龄的产生及其演变

<正> 一部人类婚姻史,从旧时代的群婚算起,大约经历了二百万年的漫长岁月;而婚姻年龄观念则是人类社会发展到一定历史阶段产生的。一般来说,婚姻年龄的产生及其演变要受自我因素(生理和生物的)和社会因素(社会生产方式和社会制度)的双重制约,其中,自我因素比较稳定;社会因素则由于时间、地点、条件不同而经常变化。婚姻限定年龄始于何时?群婚时代自不必说,对偶婚时代大概也是以生理发育成熟为准,不一定由氏族或部落规定一个年龄界限。根据现有史料,我国最早涉及婚姻年龄的记载是《礼记·文王世子》关     

人口学辞典辞条选登

家庭 人口再生产的单位,基于婚姻关系、血缘关系和收养关系而形成的社会生活共同体,通常由夫妻、父母子女、兄弟妹妹和其他近亲属组成。从婚姻家庭出现以后,人类种的蕃衍就是在一定的婚姻家庭形式中实     

试论计划生育管理的属性

计划生育管理具有双重属性,即自然属性和社会属性两个方面。人口的自然属性是自然规律对人口再生产的影响和作用,是人的生物特性的表现,它是人口存在和发展的既定前提。计划生育管理的自然属性表现在人们的认识能力逐步发展,科     

人力资源的基本特征及其开发利用

人力资源是经济发源中的核心资源。本文论述了其重要性 ,提出它具有自然性和社会性的双重属性、主观能动性、再生性、时效性、高收益性和收益递增性五个基本特征 ,并结合中国国情对人力资源的开发利用问题进行了探讨     

闪婚-闪离：农村青年的婚姻异化及其社会基础——赣南B村的新型婚姻模式

传统婚姻模式与家庭和村庄稳定的具有密切的关系,因而围绕婚姻模式形成了诸多的支持机制。而在打工经济引起青年农民大量流动的背景下,村庄与家庭结构发生了迅速的变迁,农村青年的婚姻支持机制逐渐走向衰落。本文分析了赣南B村的“闪婚”与“闪离”现象,探讨这种婚姻模式在宗族性的村庄是如何可能的。当传统的婚姻支持机制逐渐走向瓦解,农村青年的婚姻得不到支持与整合．在“闪婚”这一新现象之后,随即走向“闪离”,农村青年则在面对自身婚姻时感到了无奈和无力感。     

建立以人为本的婚姻、家庭关系

依据恩格斯《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》与以人为本的理念,认识到婚姻、家庭关系是建立在人的社会属性之上,并赋予和表达着人的精神追求;自由、平等的一夫一妻制婚姻、家庭是以人为本的本质需要。探索建立以人为本的婚姻、家庭关系的有效途径,对促进社会和谐具有重要意义。     

New frontiers in demography and social psychology

The topics of demography are those of human fate: birth, illness, marriage, occupation, and death. The methods of demography therefore relate global rates to major events, submerging the individual decision. The social psychologist observes the regularities of people's behavior in different social conditions and builds models from individual decisions. Since he looks at patterns independent of the event, the kind of event does not matter, and he tends to concentrate on trivial events which are amenable to research.To the degree that man has obtained control over his environment, he is able to look at demographic events as less than fate. Social conditions have also given more control to the individual over many events over which he had no control previously, such as choice of a marriage partner or an occupational career. Thus, the classical methods of demography are frequently insufficient to deal with demographic data, and abrupt changes may occur because of vagaries of individual decisions. The more the demographic trends can be affected by individual decisions, the more the methods of social psychology become useful in understanding changes in population composition.The possibilities of micro-demography, of building up demographic trends from individual decisions, become stronger as more individual control can be exerted over the events. Such disparate events as control of infectious disease, air pollution, birth control, civil rights, and changes in the educational system and occupational structure have given individuals more control over different demographic variables, made the study of individual decisions with demographic consequences important, and led to joint efforts by demographers and social psychologists.     

Explaining son preference in rural India: the independent role of structural versus individual factors

Much research has been done on demographic manifestations of son preference, particularly girls’ excess mortality; however, there is less research that focuses on son preference itself. This paper analyzes the determinants of son preference in rural India. We separate the independent, relative effects of characteristics of individual women and their households, village opportunities for women and village development, and social norms. We look at both socioeconomic and sociocultural variables. Finally, we examine whether predictors of son preference differ by desired family size. Our data come from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) India, 1992–1993. We use an ordered logit model, with dummy variables for state of residence. Our analysis shows that women’s education, particularly at secondary and higher levels, is consistently and significantly associated with weaker son preference, regardless of desired family size. Once factors measuring social norms, such as marriage customs, caste and religion, are included, economic wealth and women’s employment at household or village levels are not significant. Media access remains significant, suggesting an influence of “modernizing” ideas. Among social factors, caste and religion are associated with son preference but, once state of residence is controlled for, marriage patterns and cultivation patterns are insignificant. The strength and significance for son preference of many determinants differs by desired family size. Our results suggest that policy makers seeking to influence son preference need to identify and target different policy levers to women in different fertility and social contexts, rather than try an approach of one size that fits all.     

The relative stability of cohabiting and marital unions for children

Children are increasingly born into cohabiting parent families, but we know little to date about the implications of this family pattern for children's lives. We examine whether children born into premarital cohabitation and first marriages experience similar rates of parental disruption, and whether marriage among cohabiting parents enhances union stability. These issues are important because past research has linked instability in family structure with lower levels of child well-being. Drawing on the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, we find that white, black and Hispanic children born to cohabiting parents experience greater levels of instability than children born to married parents. Moreover, black and Hispanic children whose cohabiting parents marry do not experience the same levels of family stability as those born to married parents; among white children, however, the marriage of cohabiting parents raises levels of family stability to that experienced by children born in marriage. The findings from this paper contribute to the debate about the benefits of marriage for children.     

社会网络视角下中国农村成年男性初婚风险的影响因素分析

在婚姻挤压背景下,男性拥有较多的社会网络资源是否意味着他们有更多结识异性和获得应急性经济支持的机会,从而增加了其初婚的概率?利用2008年西安交通大学人口与发展研究所在安徽X县调查的数据,从社会网络角度出发,采用事件史分析方法分析影响18~50岁农村男性初婚风险水平的因素。分析结果表明,当前农村男性的初婚年龄主要集中在22~27岁之间,27岁以上仍未结婚的男性,其成婚的概率急剧下降,成为婚姻市场的弱势群体;男性自身的特征和资源拥有状况,包括婚前社会网络、个人经济和非经济特征、家庭和社区因素,往往决定着个人的初婚风险水平,一般来说,男性自身特征和资源拥有状况越差,结婚的可能性越小。     

On the pattern of cohort fertility

Abstract An examination of the patterns of cohort fertility rates in a number of populations revealed the existence of a common pattern showing how mean family sizes of the different age-at-marriage groups of a given marriage cohort are built up over the reproductive span. Standard schedules of fertility patterns are generated by the use of the Gompertz function which defines the distribution of cumulative fertility rates of a given marriage cohort by marriage duration by means of only three parameters. The generated system is tested with the historical series for England and Wales and Sweden and is found adequate to describe widely different childbearing patterns. Some of the demographic implications of the existence of common fertility patterns are examined and the usefulness of the generated system in projecting future fertility trends is briefly discussed.     

基于符号互动论视角下的个体生育态度探究

近年来随着人口老龄化进程的明显加快,以及不同地区、城市出现的生育率持续走低等情况,中国未来人口数量的变化成为了一个十分重要的议题。近年来,国家先后制定了“双独生二胎”、“单独生二胎”以及全面放开二胎等鼓励民众生育的相关政策;相关学者也从人口学和经济学等视角对生育问题展开了诸多研究。本研究则是从符号互动论这一微观社会学视角出发,试图了解民众（主要集中在1970年至1995年出生的群体）生育态度是否会受到社会心理因素,尤其是从小生长的家庭环境中,兄弟姊妹等手足人数、手足关系、父母对待子女公平与否和出生排行的影响;以及当前生活环境,如社会治安状况、经济发展前景和政治稳定性等方面的主观判断对生育态度的影响;最后研究还将结婚意愿、性别等因素纳入到影响个体生育态度的分析模型之中。研究结果发现,兄弟姊妹等手足越多者,未来越倾向要生孩子;手足间关系越好者,未来也越倾向于要生孩子;排行中间的比排行老大的生孩子意愿高;无论父母对自己和手足公平情况怎样,都不会影响其生育态度。此外在所有外在环境中,经济状况是影响人们生育态度的主要因素,有结婚意愿者更倾向于生育孩子,男性也显著比女性更倾向于生育孩子。     

人口安全视野下农业女性化问题研究

本文从人口安全的视野研究农业女性化现象。本文认为,农村剩余劳动力非农转移是农业女性化产生的直接原因,经济利益最大化是农业女性化产生的内在原因,传统的性别观念是农业女性化产生的根本原因,女性劳动力人力资本处于劣势是农业女性化产生的重要原因。农业女性化现象产生以下重要的人口安全问题：一是农村劳动力人口结构中女性居多,不利于农业发展;二是农村人口素质普遍降低,不利于农村发展;三是女性人口的安全与发展受到严重威胁,不利于农村社会稳定;四是农村婚姻破裂和老人失养现象增多,不利于家庭稳定与和谐。为此,要以社会风险的理念和整体的思路治理农业女性化这一现象,加大城乡统筹力度,促进城乡人口结构分布合理;更新理念消除性别歧视,维护农村女性素质发展;强化人口宏观管理,促进城乡人口科学有序流动;改革相关配套制度,保障农村女性安全和发展;构建人口风险预警机制,提高应对人口风险的能力。