产品开发价值比较研究

本文通过对产品开发筛选环节的分析,提出了产品开发价值比较研究的问题;在对熵权法用于产品开发价值比较研究的可行性进行充分论证的基础上,运用熵权法及层次分析法对产品开发价值进行了比较研究;继而对运用熵权法和层次分析法进行产品开发价值比较研究的结果进行了分析;并讨论将熵权法和层次分析法同时应用对产品构思筛选准确性的影响,旨在寻求更科学的对产品构思进行筛选的方法。     

物业人力资源管理行业模式分析

本文应用运筹学基本原理对物业人力资源的瓶颈问题进行了研究,并以行业知名企业的实证案例对研究结果进行了测试,实践证明研究结果具有一定的运用价值。     

从国际权威期刊文献看中国人力资源管理的实践与研究

在对1978～2011年26种国际权威期刊中有关中国人力资源管理的164篇研究文献进行分析的基础上,对这些文献的研究主题、研究导向和研究方法进行了回顾和评述,并对贡献最大的个人研究者进行了汇总。最后,重点提出了未来一定时期内中国人力资源管理的研究方向。     

股市预期收益率与波动关系的研究

利用SV_m模型对Koopman等的研究结论进行了验证,对SV_m模型进行了扩展,提出了一种能捕捉非对称效应的A-SV_m模型,并用该模型和SV_m模型对预期收益率与波动的关系进行了实证研究.研究结果与Koopman等人的结论不同,表明预期收益率与波动之间的关系是时变的,而且波动(条件方差)对预期收益率的影响并不显著.结合Harrison、Campbell等人的研究对结果进行了解释.     

国内组织文化研究述评

本文结合国内外学者的研究成果,对国内组织文化研究进行了归纳。主要从组织文化结构研究、组织文化与组织效能之间的关系进行了述评,并对国内未来的相关研究进行了展望。     

EVA业绩评价系统研究综述

本文对国内外经济增加值(EVA)的研究文献进行了回顾,并对EVA相关研究进行了分类,论述了目前对EVA研究的主要观点以及存在的不同见解。总体上看,EVA业绩评价系统在国内外的理论研究和实践应用中均得到肯定。最后,本文对EVA业绩评价体系在今后的研究趋势进行展望,希望能对进一步完善我国企业EVA业绩评价与激励系统起到一定作用。     

领导研究中的“情境”——内容、方法与未来展望

本文对20世纪80年代以来情境相关的中西方领导研究文献进行了全面的分析和综述。首先对近20年来情境相关的领导研究进行了整体性的归纳与总结;然后从组织结构、组织文化、组织氛围及状态、其它组织内部情境和组织外部情境五个方面对领导研究中涉及的情境内容进行了梳理与具体分析,并从"理论的情境化"和"情境的理论化"两个视角对已有领导研究中的情境处理方法进行了探讨;最后进行了总体性评价与讨论,并对未来的研究给出建议。     

供应链中的快速反应和行为学研究:综述与展望

企业实施快速反应策略的目的是减少供需匹配时的不确定性,近些年,因Zara的成功运用,该策略成为了供应链管理研究中的热点问题;同时,行为学在金融、营销等领域的研究也取得了巨大的成功,因此学者们开始探讨行为学在快速反应策略中的作用和影响。为方便了解这些研究的进展,本文对快速反应和行为学结合的研究进行了梳理,对其中的研究框架、方法和内容进行了总结,重点从零售商和消费者的行为角度进行了分析与探讨,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望,希望对快速反应和行为学的后续研究提供一定的指导。     

基于收益管理的动态定价研究综述

动态定价作为收益管理的重要手段之一对提高企业收益具有重要作用。本文对收益管理动态定价问题的几个构成要素进行了分析;对国外动态定价基本模型的研究文献进行了简单的评述;重点对动态定价的最新研究热点进行了综述并对其发展前景进行了展望;最后介绍了动态定价在中国的研究现状,旨在推动其在中国的研究与应用。     

关于企业国际化的国外理论研究综述

在归纳现有文献中对企业国际化的不同界定的基础上,总结了企业国际化行为的研究框架,并以该框架为基础对企业国际化的国外研究结论进行了综述。最后,对目前国外的相关研究进行了评述和展望。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

The Challenge of Political and Economic Change in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe

This article discusses political and economic changes in Poland, Central and Eastern Europe emerging since the demise of the ‘closed system’ in 1989. The presentation explores the range of change, the method and the sequence of change. General lessons in economic transition as identified by Polish Finance Minister Lezak Balcerowicz are discussed. The challenges involved in macroeconomic stabilization, radical liberalization, currency convertibility, subsidy reduction and conversion of state-owned enterprises are reviewed. Despite their complexity, economic and political reforms proved necessary and inevitable. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Beliefs and the Perception of Risks and Accidents

Identifying the causes of accidents is a necessary prerequisite for preventive action. Some research suggests however that the analysis of accidents does not only differ between experts and laymen but that it is also linked to certain characteristics inherent in the analyst and in the social group to which he belongs: beliefs, value systems, norms, experiences in common, attitudes, roles, social and technical practices, etc. Culturally determined bias seems to affect the perception of risk and the causes of accidents. This article presents a certain number of thoughts and results based upon research carried out on causal attributions of traffic accidents in The Ivory Coast (West Africa) and discusses the importance of culture in risk-taking and accident prevention. It shows in particular that fatalistic beliefs and mystical practices influence the perception of accidents and consequently incite one to take more risks and neglect safety measures.     

Floods and Climate Change: Interactions and Impacts

Whether the floods experienced during the last decade in Germany and in other European countries are triggered or worsened by human activities has been the subject of a great deal of debate. Possible anthropogenic activities leading to increased flood risk include river regulation measures, intensified land use and forestry, and emissions of greenhouse gases causing a change in the global climate. This article discusses the latter by reviewing the existing knowledge on the subject. First, the relevance, capabilities, and limitations of climate models for the simulation and analysis of flood risk under aspects of the anthropogenic climate change are described. Special consideration is given here to differences between the "typical" spatial scale of climate models and hydrological flood models. Second, observations of trends in climate variables relevant for river flooding issues are summarized. Special emphasis is put on the Rhine and other German catchment areas. Third, the possibilities of modeling the different parts of the "cascade of flood risk" are summarized, introducing the special features of meteorological, hydrological, and river hydraulic models.     

市场竞争与价格离散——影响机理与经验证据

价格离散背离了"一价定律",是市场运行效率低的一种反映,但却是一种普遍存在的现象。那么,通过市场竞争机制能否降低某一行业（产品）的市场中的价格离散?本文先是分别在消费者信息搜寻理论和厂商空间竞争理论的框架下,分析市场竞争对价格离散的影响机理。然后,本文收集了我国地级（及以上）城市的车险市场上所有企业的价格和其他相关变量,研究主要发现：即使去除了产品异质性,车险市场仍然存在明显的价格离散,企业之间价格的变异系数的均值和中位数分别为0.472和0.445;市场竞争能够降低车险市场的价格离散,平均而言,企业数目提高10家（市场集中程度降低一单位样本标准差）,企业之间车险价格的标准差将降低其平均水平的约25%（5%~6%）。辅助性分析和稳健性分析支持了本文结论。本文的政策含义在于：应当增进供给侧的竞争,降低需求侧的信息搜寻成本。     

Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety

Anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital-based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock-and-flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10-day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Safety Investment and the Value of Life and Injury

The requirement to reduce risk is moderated under British law by the notion of practicability or reasonable practicability. This implies that a balance should be struck, inter alia , between the costs of a risk-reducing measure and its benefits in terms of life-saving and injury avoidance. Clearly, were lives and injuries valued in monetary terms, balances and imbalances would be all the more easily identified. This paper reports on progress on the application of the Relative Utility Loss Approach to the valuation of injuries in the consumer and transportation spheres in the United Kingdom. Although the tools are as yet imperfect, striking accord is noticed between valuations of a range of serious and slight injuries obtained using three health state utility indices of disparate origin.     

Definitions and linkages between operational and strategic flexibilities

This paper aims at clarifying the concept of strategic flexibility, starting from that much more common of manufacturing flexibility (or operational one). After characterizing the dimensions of the latter, a classification of strategic flexibility is presented which distinguishes four categories. The measures of strategic flexibility are also investigated. Then two analogies are pointed out with the operational flexibility. The first, of the cause-effect type, is on two levels: at the business level, the operational flexibility estimates the variation of practices, while the strategic flexibility measures the effect obtained on performances; at the corporate level, the operational flexibility estimates the variation of competences, while the strategic flexibility evaluates the change in business. The second analogy, related to the classification variables, permits the main types of operational and strategic flexibilities to be placed in a single framework. So this study seeks to provide a framework—which has not been proposed in prior literature—for analyzing and evaluating the correlated concepts of operational and strategic flexibilities, to create a theoretical foundation for future research and empirical testing.     

Variability and Uncertainty Meet Risk Management and Risk Communication

In the past decade, the use of probabilistic risk analysis techniques to quantitatively address variability and uncertainty in risks increased in popularity as recommended by the 1994 National Research Council that wrote Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. Under the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act, for example, the U.S. EPA supported the development of tools that produce distributions of risk demonstrating the variability and/or uncertainty in the results. This paradigm shift away from the use of point estimates creates new challenges for risk managers, who now struggle with decisions about how to use distributions in decision making. The challenges for risk communication, however, have only been minimally explored. This presentation uses the case studies of variability in the risks of dying on the ground from a crashing airplane and from the deployment of motor vehicle airbags to demonstrate how better characterization of variability and uncertainty in the risk assessment lead to better risk communication. Analogies to food safety and environmental risks are also discussed. This presentation demonstrates that probabilistic risk assessment has an impact on both risk management and risk communication, and highlights remaining research issues associated with using improved sensitivity and uncertainty analyses in risk assessment.