企业社会责任一致性对财务绩效的影响研究

基于工具性利益相关者理论,以A股上市公司为研究对象,考察了企业社会责任时间和结构这两类一致性对财务绩效的影响,并检验了信任因素在该过程的中介作用,以及企业社会责任水平和不同利益相关者关注的调节效应。研究表明:企业持续地承担社会责任(时间一致性)有助于提升财务绩效,而公平地承担社会责任(结构一致性)则对财务绩效有负面影响;信任因素是一致性和财务绩效之间的中介机制,“时间/结构一致性—信任—财务绩效”是社会责任发挥作用的逻辑路径之一;企业社会责任整体水平的提升将强化结构一致性的负面作用,而外部利益相关者中分析师的关注会强化时间一致性的积极影响;对于结构一致性而言,包括公众和分析师在内的外部利益相关者的关注会强化其负面影响,而内部独立董事的关注则有助于缓和这一负面影响。     

基于财务绩效视角的企业从事慈善活动研究

依据利益相关者理论和权变管理思想,深入考察企业捐赠行为对财务绩效的影响机制,并利用2007 ～ 2012年我国沪深两市A股上市公司的数据进行检验.研究表明,慈善捐赠通过改善利益相关者关系能够显著提升企业的财务绩效,由于企业在发展阶段和可见性方面的差异导致企业处理利益相关者关系的能力和机会不同,从而决定了企业从慈善捐赠中获益程度的大小,在成熟企业和高可见性企业中,慈善捐赠对财务绩效的正面影响更强.     

企业社会责任与财务目标选择——基于利益相关者理论的研究

从全球范围来看,企业承担社会责任己经成为大的趋势。企业将企业价值最大化作为财务目标,并不意味着可以忽视企业社会责任问题。文章基于利益相关者理论,对企业社会责任和财务目标进行了系统论述,得出企业承担社会责任与现代财务目标——企业价值最大化之间是协调一致的,并对现有财务目标进行了修正,提出利益相关者价值最大化这一新财务目标。     

基于利益相关者的企业社会责任与企业价值关系研究

基于利益相关者理论,企业对不同利益相关者承担着一定的社会责任,企业履行社会责任对企业价值有一定的影响.在定性分析企业社会责任与企业价值关系的基础上,选取具有代表性的社会责任指标,通过强制性因子分析进行筛选,最终确定11个社会责任指标和2个企业价值指标.以2008年至2010年沪深两市328家上市公司的数据为样本,建立结构方程模型,运用统计软件SPSS 16.0和结构方程软件LISREL 8.7,针对企业承担的对不同利益相关者的社会责任与企业价值的相关性进行实证研究.研究结果表明,企业承担的对不同利益相关者的社会责任与企业价值存在正相关关系,企业对不同利益相关者的社会责任对企业价值的影响程度不同,企业对股东的社会责任对企业价值的贡献度最大,企业对不同利益相关者履行社会责任存在相互影响.     

公众社区参与意愿对危化品危害利益相关者感知的影响

面对危化品危害,政府及相关单位面临着日益严峻的既要保证公众知情,又要避免信息过度传播的难题,"信任"是导致这种沟通困境的重要因素。为解决危害信息有效沟通问题,从重构公众与政府之间信任关系的角度入手,以公众利益相关者感知衡量信任,探究公众社区参与意愿对利益相关者感知的影响关系,并将社区参与分为代表单向沟通的仪式性参与和代表双向沟通的实质性参与。研究结果表明:公众社区参与意愿有利于提升公众危化品危害利益相关者感知,特别是仪式性参与意愿的直接作用效果更为显著;实质性参与意愿和危害利益相关者感知的关系中,预决策过程起到完全中介的作用;危化品危害知识在社区参与意愿和利益相关者感知的影响关系中起到显著的正向调节作用,特别是在预决策过程与利益相关者感知的影响路径中。研究结论为构建公众和政府之间的信任关系,进而为缓解危化品危害信息沟通难题提供理论支撑和实践价值。     

基于利益相关者理论的财务评价体系设计

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立,企业改革的进一步深入,企业所面临的外部环境与内部条件日趋复杂化,财务评价体系对促进企业发展的作用会越来越大.该文以利益相关者理论为基础对财务评价体系进行了设计,旨在提高现有财务评价体系的科学性和合理性.     

基于利益相关者理论研究慈善捐赠与企业绩效的关联性

本文以利益相关者理论为基础,分析了企业慈善捐赠与企业利益相关者之间的相互作用,说明慈善捐赠对公司绩效的正面影响,并结合5.12地震企业捐款数据分析结果证明了企业捐赠对公司企业绩效的促进作用,为企业主动履行社会责任、进行慈善捐赠提供理论和现实的依据。     

浅析利益相关者对企业环境会计的影响

随着在企业生产经营活动中的环境问题越来越突出,一些财务导向的利益相关者开始认识到企业的有些环境信息与他们的经济决策有关。因此,他们开始调整主要的企业信息管理系统以便包括相关的环境问题。另外其他的关注环境问题的利益相关者也开始认识到环境问题的某些财务影响对生态问题也具有意义。他们会根据各自的需求,要求企业向他们提供较为详细的经济和环境信息,从而他们的活动会影响到企业环境会计的发展和进程。因此,本文将与企业环境会计有关的利益相关者分为内部、外部和特殊利益相关者这三个群体,基于这三个群体对企业环境会计的影响进行论述。     

企业的可见性和脆弱性有助于提升对利益相关者压力的认知及其反应吗?——动态能力的调节作用

企业不可避免面临来自各种利益相关者的压力,如何对利益相关者压力进行反应是战略管理领域的一个重要研究话题。本文探讨企业的可见性和脆弱性对利益相关者压力反应的影响,利益相关者压力的紧迫性和可管理性两种认知模式的中介机制以及动态能力的调节作用。研究结果表明,企业的可见性和脆弱性对利益相关者压力反应具有正向的影响;虽然企业的可见性对利益相关者压力可管理性认知并没有显著的影响,但还是可以对紧迫性认知与利益相关者压力反应的关系具有完全中介作用,而企业的脆弱性对紧迫性和可管理性认知与利益相关者压力反应的关系也有着完全中介作用;除了脆弱性以外,企业的可见性对利益相关者压力反应的影响,以及紧迫性和可管理性认知对利益相关者压力反应的影响,都受到动态能力的调节作用。这将对于我国企业处理好国内的利益相关者环境,谋求长期的生存发展在理论与实践上都有很重要的意义。     

基于利益相关者的公司社会责任与公司业绩的关系研究—来自长三角地区中小企业的数据

国外关于公司社会责任与公司财务业绩关系的研究较多,但对公司社会责任与非财务业绩关系的研究尚少.本文选取长三角地区中小企业为样本,研究公司社会责任与财务业绩及利益相关者业绩的关系.得出结论:财务业绩对公司社会责任具有正的显著影响,公司对利益相关者的定位和战略决定了其承担社会责任的程度.     

Corporate Governance: Stakeholder Value Versus Shareholder Value

Unsatisfied with the dominatingshareholders' point of view, that appears to betoo limited to build a relevant theory ofcorporate governance, we propose an enlargeddefinition of the value which may be called,the stakeholder value. This definition and itsassociated measure are more suitable for thestakeholder approach to the firm and morerelevant to understand the value creation andsharing mechanisms.     

Corporate Governance

The paper first develops an economic analysis of the concept of shareholder value, describes its approach, and discusses some open questions. It emphasizes the relationship between pledgeable income, monitoring, and control rights using a unifying and simple framework. The paper then provides a first and preliminary analysis of the concept of the stakeholder society. It investigates whether the managerial incentives and the control structure described in the first part can be modified so as to promote the stakeholder society. It shows that the implementation of the stakeholder society strikes three rocks: dearth of pledgeable income, deadlocks in decision‐making, and lack of clear mission for management. While it fares better than the stakeholder society on those three grounds, shareholder value generates biased decision‐making; the paper analyzes the costs and benefits of various methods of protecting noncontrolling stakeholders: covenants, exit options, flat claims, enlarged fiduciary duty.     

基于SVN的重大工程组织安全行为价值网络及驱动路径研究

重大基础设施工程(以下简称重大工程)的实施涉及多方组织，组织之间形成复杂的利益相关者关系，合作效率及组织安全行为的有效性对重大工程安全管理绩效具有重要影响。本文基于价值理论、利益相关者理论和利益相关者价值网络(Stakeholder Value Network，SVN)分析方法，研究重大工程组织安全行为(Organizational Safety Behavior in Megaproject，MOSB)在利益相关者之间的价值交换和传递情况，构建了包含三类组织安全行为、八类利益相关者和61条价值流的MOSB-SVN模型。研究表明，MOSB-SVN模型能够通过识别关键利益相关者、关键行为和高分价值路径，得出各利益相关者的价值获取能力以及三类组织安全行为的执行效果。依据模型分析结果提出价值提升建议，为提高重大工程安全绩效提供新的思路。     

Improving Participation in Green Infrastructure Planning

Green infrastructure is a strategic planning concept that is able to address environmental, social and even economic problems by supplying a variety of benefits for society. Especially in times of public financial crises and spatial transformation, it is important to ensure that those services are high quality to guarantee that they will provide the intended benefits by integrating stakeholders’ knowledge and experience into green infrastructure planning. Active stakeholder participation leads to legitimate and informed future planning that accounts for society’s needs. This paper investigates participation approaches of six green infrastructure investments in Belgium, the UK, Germany and the Netherlands. The major aim is to explore how and when participation should take place to optimize participation in green infrastructure planning. This is achieved by surveying the stakeholders involved and conducting stakeholder discussions to identify their views on the participation approaches employed and their integration into the planning process. We found that stakeholders were generally satisfied with how they were involved but desired a broader and more tailored mix of approaches. Furthermore, we found several Arnstein gaps, which lead us to conclude by suggesting recommendations that are helpful for successful participation in green infrastructure planning.     

Public Values in Risk Debates

Both the issues inherent in regulation of specific risks and the contexts in which such regulatory processes occur are often characterized by confusion and controversy. Tools based on multiattribute utility measurement (MAUT) can help to clarify public values in risk debates and thus to facilitate option invention and decision making. Stakeholder group representatives, in interaction with an analyst, structure their values relevant to the problem into a value tree. The analyst prepares a common tree, iterating until all stakeholder representatives accept it. Stakeholders express their values as weights on the common tree. This provides a basis for option invention and negotiation. The paper presents three illustrative applications.     

Ethics as Politics: Federal Ethics as the Basis for a ‘Normative’ Stakeholder Theory

This paper argues that business ethics needs to deal more effectively with situations in which stakeholder interests conflict – the essence of politics. The nature of conflicting interests and the inability of current theory to deal with conflict are explored. Federal ethics is offered as a promising approach to conflict in stakeholder relations. The paper begins by tracing the development of federal theory and then defines the central value of federal ethics – fidelity. Building on the work of Gabriel Marcel, I ground an ethic of fidelity in consent and creativity. The distinctive features of this approach are highlighted by contrasting it with integrative social contracts theory. Unlike traditional approaches, federal ethics provides a focus on process, rather than principle, which lends itself better to the essentially political nature of stakeholders in conflict. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Organizational Legitimacy and Stakeholder Information Provision1

One interpretation of the concept of organizational legitimacy is that it stems from the cultural values of society, and suggests that businesses operate under a mandate that may be withdrawn if organizations are seen not to be doing the ‘right’ things. This suggests there is something in the nature of a principal-agent relationship in existence, and that some form of accountability is then owed by the agent (the organization) to the principal (society). This paper seeks to investigate the nature of this accountability, distinguishing between the accountability which exists towards those elements of society with which an organization has a contractual relationship, and those where it does not. Adopting a pluralist stance, stakeholder theory is then used to illustrate the possible nature of both the form of legitimacy relationship extant, and of the accountability that the principal might expect of the agent.     

Organizational Theory and the Stages of Risk Communication

The evolution of risk communication has been described as a series of communication strategies. This article suggests that organizational theory provides another dimension to understanding the evolution of risk communication, and that risk communication can be seen as an organizational adaptation of chemical manufacturers to external pressure. Following the tragedy in Bhopal the chemical manufacturing sector's loss of legitimacy led to destabilization of its authority and to increased uncertainty in its external environment. Risk communication was one means to increase legitimacy, thereby decreasing uncertainty and potential impact on resources. However, although risk communication may evolve from crises of legitimacy, the concept of "isomorphism"--conformance to norms within a corporate sector--predicts this need not be the case.     

The Distinction Between Risk and Hazard: Understanding and Use in Stakeholder Communication

A major issue in all risk communication efforts is the distinction between the terms “risk” and “hazard.” The potential to harm a target such as human health or the environment is normally defined as a hazard, whereas risk also encompasses the probability of exposure and the extent of damage. What can be observed again and again in risk communication processes are misunderstandings and communication gaps related to these crucial terms. We asked a sample of 53 experts from public authorities, business and industry, and environmental and consumer organizations in Germany to outline their understanding and use of these terms using both the methods of expert interviews and focus groups. The empirical study made clear that the terms risk and hazard are perceived and used very differently in risk communication depending on the perspective of the stakeholders. Several factors can be identified, such as responsibility for hazard avoidance, economic interest, or a watchdog role. Thus, communication gaps can be reduced to a four‐fold problem matrix comprising a semantic, conceptual, strategic, and control problem. The empirical study made clear that risks and hazards are perceived very differently depending on the stakeholders’ perspective. Their own worldviews played a major role in their specific use of the two terms hazards and risks in communication.     

政府投资项目相关利益主体的博弈及其利益最大化

本文根据相关利益主体理论与博弈论的一般原理,对政府投资项目相关利益主体进行界定和分类,并对这种项目相关利益主体的多重利益关系进行博弈分析。找出影响政府投资项目绩效的制度缺陷并提出相应的解决对策。