渠道成员退出和呼吁：感知公平与长期导向的作用

在关系营销范式下,营销渠道关系研究较少关注关系的结束。将渠道公平和长期导向纳入对渠道关系问题反应行为的研究框架中,考察感知公平(分配公平和程序公平)对渠道成员关系退出和呼吁行为的影响以及长期导向在这一影响过程中的中介作用。以供应商及其与经销商的关系为研究对象,获得144个经销商样本的调查数据,应用SPSS 17软件和多元层次回归方法对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,长期导向在感知分配公平与退出之间起部分中介作用,在感知分配公平和程序公平对呼吁的影响中起完全中介作用。渠道成员感知的分配公平对其退出倾向有显著的负向影响,但感知程序公平对退出则没有显著的影响;分配公平和程序公平对呼吁都有显著的正向影响。最后给出相应的管理建议。     

工程项目中业主初始信任对合作的影响研究:承包商公平感知的中介作用

基于工程项目临时性社会网络组织的本质特征,从社会交换的视角,通过理论分析构建了以业主初始信任为前因、承包商对于合同的公平感知为中介、合作为结果的概念模型,并以68个财政投资项目为样本采集到162套有效数据,运用结构方程模型的方法进行实证检验。研究表明:业主初始信任对于承包商公平感知的形成具有显著的正向影响;承包商的程序公平正向影响其分配公平,二者均对合作具有显著的正向影响;承包商公平感知在业主初始信任与合作之间起到部分中介作用。     

经销商“抱团”如何影响制造商的信息支持和合同监督？

基于社会网络理论和渠道行为相关文献,研究了经销商“抱团”(网络密度)对制造商渠道行为及其后果的影响,并探讨了行业环境不确定性的调节作用。研究结果显示：第一,经销商网络密度对制造商的信息支持和合同监督均有正向影响;第二,行业环境不确定性弱化了经销商网络密度对信息支持的正向影响,但对经销商网络密度与合同监督之间的关系没有显著影响;第三,信息支持有助于降低渠道冲突水平、抑制经销商投机行为,合同监督有助于抑制经销商投机行为,但对渠道冲突没有显著影响。     

关系投入、治理机制、公平与知识转移：依赖的调节效应

公平是社会和经济交换关系维系的基础之一,已有研究大多探讨公平在改善组织间合作及关系绩效中发挥的作用。但是,对于如何提升渠道关系中成员感知的公平尚缺乏深入探讨,并且不同维度的公平作用效果也有待进一步研究。基于公平理论、交易成本理论和社会交换理论,提出关于关系投入、治理机制、公平与知识转移之间关系的概念模型。从制造商关系投入(交易专项投资)和关系治理机制(契约控制和信任)两个角度探讨分销商感知的分配公平和程序公平的影响因素,并检验两类公平对分销商知识转移的影响以及分销商依赖在其中的调节效应。选取中国家电、电脑、手机等行业,对制造企业和分销商同时发放问卷,最终获得213组制造商-分销商配对样本数据,采用结构方程模型对10个假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,制造商交易专项投资能提升分销商感知的分配公平,但对程序公平无显著影响;使用契约控制能提升分销商感知的分配公平,对程序公平的作用则呈倒U形关系;信任机制的使用对两类公平都有积极作用;分销商感知的公平对其知识转移有促进作用,但随着分销商对制造商的依赖增强,分配公平的作用被削弱,而程序公平的作用则更加显著。检验公平的影响因素,揭示分配公平和程序公平的提升机制,从知识转移这一视角为公平在合作中的重要性提供新的实证支持,通过引入分销商依赖揭示两类公平的不同作用效果,为制造企业的管理者在渠道合作中有效地进行关系投入、选择合适的治理机制提升分销商感知的公平,进而促进分销商的知识转移提供理论依据。     

组织公平与员工主动离职行为:工作嵌入与公平敏感性的作用

本文旨在研究组织公平对员工离职行为的影响,并以个体-组织依附理论和动机归类理论为基础,研究员工工作嵌入和公平敏感性在以上关系中所起的中介和调节作用。研究以六家服务企业中的351名员工为研究对象,对问卷调查获得的数据进行层次回归,结果表明:分配公平和程序公平对员工工作嵌入有显著的正向影响;工作嵌入能有效的预测员工离职行为;分配公平对员工离职具有显著的负向影响,并且工作嵌入在其间起到了完全中介效应;公平敏感性在程序公平与嵌入的关系中存在显著的调节效应,利他倾向越高(大公无私型)的员工,程序公平对其嵌入程度的影响作用就越强烈。     

差序格局下绩效评价公平与员工绩效关系研究

运用参照认知理论,探讨差序格局下员工绩效评价公平感知对工作绩效的特殊作用机理。以本土企业39个工作组274名员工为研究对象,结合个体感知差异和组织差序氛围两个层面的影响因素,运用线性阶层模型检验二者跨层次交互作用对员工绩效的影响,同时对组织为削弱偏私主义而强化绩效评价公平的努力效果进行检验。研究结果表明,与西方经典理论不同的是,绩效评价公平感知正向影响任务绩效仅在低差序氛围下才显著,因而淡化差序氛围的影响、降低主管在绩效评价中的主导权有助于提升公平感知对任务绩效的预测力;正规化与程序公平、分配公平的交互作用对任务绩效有负向影响,揭示出绩效评价的本土实践存在一个公平悖论,即不实行刚性化评价难以消除黑箱操作,而实行刚性化评价又容易落入买椟还珠陷阱;正规化与互动公平的交互作用对任务绩效有正向影响,说明注重情理交融、增强规则的张力有助于提高绩效评价的有效性。     

创业团队关系治理对提升决策承诺的影响研究

从创业者人力资本激励和组织公平理论视角,基于313个创业团队问卷调研的数据,探讨创业团队关系治理对决策承诺的影响,以及分配公平感和程序公平感在二者间的中介效应。研究显示:创业团队关系治理对团队决策承诺有显著的正向作用,分配公平感和程序公平感分别部分中介了创业团队关系治理与决策承诺间的关系;而在同时考虑分配公平感和程序公平感的双中介模型中,分配公平感的中介效应不再显著。     

程序公平和分配公平影响联盟绩效的机理研究

对程序公平和分配公平影响联盟绩效的路径进行了分析,通过理论分析和实证研究发现,承诺是程序公平和分配公平影响联盟绩效的一个显著路径.同时,研究结论也表明:程序公平和分配公平能够提高组织在联盟中的承诺;承诺是提高联盟绩效的一个关键因素.这些结论有助于认识程序公平和分配公平影响联盟绩效的机理,使公平理论能够更好地指导联盟的实践.     

公民公平观及其对社会公平评价和生活满意度影响分析

在我国经济社会体制转轨过程中,社会发展的不公平问题出现,包括地域发展、经济分配、机会获取等方面的不公平问题。这种不公平影响到了公民对于社会公平的评价以及自身生活满意度的感知,进而影响到了公民的社会心理,公民心理失衡与否是社会稳定与否的来源。本文从公平观角度进行了公民对社会公平程度评价和公民生活满意度感知的实证研究,分析了经济分配公平、程序公平、社会比较、自身感受几个方面及其与公民的社会公平程度感知及自我生活满意度评价之间的关系,同时得出不同地区之间公民评价与感知的差异。     

薪酬公平感、团队信任感对证券行业员工工作绩效的影响——基于自我效能感的调节作用

薪酬公平对组织薪酬制度的落实和效果有着重要影响,然而薪酬公平对员工工作绩效的作用机制却尚未明晰,在管理实践中缺乏相关理论指导,而薪酬制度复杂的证券行业更是亟待优化。为此,基于信任视角和公平理论,构建薪酬公平感、团队信任感、员工工作绩效、自我效能感的理论模型,收集220份样本数据进行分析。结果表明：薪酬公平感对证券行业员工工作绩效显著正向影响,且在子维度层面也表现出较为显著的正向影响作用,其中在对员工任务绩效的促进作用中分配公平强于互动公平,互动公平强于程序公平,在对员工周边绩效的促进作用中互动公平强于分配公平,分配公平强于程序公平。在薪酬公平感—员工工作绩效中,团队信任感作为中介机制具备中介效应;在细分维度上,团队信任感在分配公平、程序公平对员工任务绩效的作用中呈现中介作用,而在薪酬公平感和互动公平对员工任务绩效的作用中不呈现中介作用,在薪酬公平感、分配公平、程序公平、互动公平对员工周边绩效的作用中,团队信任感均呈现中介作用。在薪酬公平感—员工工作绩效关系中,自我效能感呈现调节作用。对于低自我效能感员工,薪酬公平感对员工工作绩效促进作用会随着自我效能感的提升而显著提升;而对于高自我效能...     

组织公正和心理契约违背对管理者行为的影响

整合了心理契约和组织公正领域的多元变量,对512位组织管理者进行问卷调查,检验了管理者对组织公正性的不同感受对组织心理契约违背与管理者EVNL行为关系的影响.发现,组织心理契约违背与组织程序公正、人际公正对管理者呼吁行为存在交互作用,组织心理契约违背与组织人际公正对管理者组织忠诚存在交互作用,而组织公正对组织心理契约违背与管理者消极行为(退出行为和忽略行为)没有关系.     

程序公平和分配公平对联盟承诺的影响:基于中国医院联盟的实证研究

研究了程序公平和分配公平对联盟承诺的影响,基于我国医院联盟的背景和问卷调查,利用因子分析、层级回归和调节回归验证了相关假设。实证结果表明:程序公平和分配公平能够提高组织对联盟的承诺;具有不同市场地位的组织由于组织特征、市场环境和联盟地位的差异,对不同类型的公平具有不同的反应。这一结论对现有程序公平主导的观点提出了挑战,深化了现有关于联盟公平的研究。     

Pre-recovery emotions and satisfaction: A moderated mediation model of service recovery and reputation in the banking sector

This study examines the mediating role of service recovery judgments between pre-recovery emotions and post-recovery satisfaction, and investigates the role of firm reputation in this mediation context. Using a moderated mediation framework, the authors test the model with data from 366 customers who experienced a banking service failure and complained to a third party. The results show that distributive, procedural, and interactional justice dimensions mediate the relationship between pre-recovery emotions and satisfaction. Firm reputation moderates the relationship between emotions and satisfaction via distributive and interactional justice, but not via procedural justice. This study provides evidence for the notion that pre-recovery emotion is an antecedent of service recovery process and firm reputation plays an essential role in this process.     

How does interpersonal justice affect outside directors’ governance behavior? A cross-cultural comparison

We examine the impact of interpersonal justice among outside directors on the board and between a director and the CEO regarding the director’s monitoring and resource provision behaviors in different cultural contexts. We argue that directors from individualistic countries are more influenced by CEO interpersonal justice while directors from collectivistic countries are more affected by the board interpersonal justice. Our main effect results indicate that interpersonal justice with board members is positively related to both monitoring and resource provision by a director, while CEO interpersonal justice is related only to resource provision. Our results also show different effects on the director’s behaviors between three countries, i.e., Canada, Singapore, and Spain. We found that CEO interpersonal justice is positively associated with resource provision in Canada, while board interpersonal justice is positively related to both monitoring and resource provision in Singapore and Spain. These results suggest that directors discharge their board duties differently by how they are treated by other directors and the CEO and that their governance behaviors vary by culture. This study contributes to the literature on comparative corporate governance by showing the differences in directors’ behaviors in different cultural contexts.     

From gain-sharing to gain-generation: The quest for distributive justice in international joint ventures

This research investigates how distributive justice (DJ) affects cooperation-related outcomes in international joint ventures (IJVs) through several routes that intersect with reciprocal commitment, organizational attachment and contractual specification. Grounded in the convergent insights of IJV theory and justice theory, this study argues that DJ improves IJV performance through enhanced mutual commitment and interparty attachment, as well as through DJ's complementary role with IJV contract. The findings extend previous research by demonstrating that (1) DJ is an important variable affecting IJV stability via the mediation of interorganizational attachment and (2) DJ and IJV contract function as complements rather than substitutes in governing cooperation and improving IJV profitability and stability.     

Contract functions in service exchange governance: evidence from logistics outsourcing

The logistics outsourcing literature emphasises relational governance mechanisms and has underplayed the role of formal contractual provisions. This paper empirically examines the multiple functions that contracts perform in the governance of service exchanges. Codification, safeguarding, coordination and adaptation functions are linked to contract specification schedules, payment mechanisms, (early) termination rights, performance review and communication provisions, service variations clauses and renegotiation provisions. Contracts may also embody exchange- or partner-specific learning, albeit to a limited extent. Overall, the empirical findings lend support to the functional view of contracting. The functionality of contracts extends beyond safeguarding against opportunism and financial losses. In addition to offering economic and legal safeguards, contracts are used to coordinate and adapt service exchanges in the face of complexity and uncertainty.     

Gender and Employee Attitudes: The Role of Organizational Justice Perceptions

In this study, using path analysis, we tested whether procedural justice perceptions mediated the relationship between gender and distributive justice perceptions. Furthermore, we also tested whether the two forms of commitment (affective and normative) mediated the relationships between justice perceptions (distributive and procedural) and tenure intent. One hundred and eighty-three employees from Irish manufacturing organizations participated in the study. As hypothesized, we found support for the mediating role of procedural justice perception on the relationship between gender and distributive justice perception. Results also indicated that affective commitment mediated the relationships between justice perceptions and tenure intent and affective commitment. Finally, normative commitment did not mediate the relationships between justice perceptions and tenure intent. Further analysis using moderated regression analysis showed that gender moderated the relationships between distributive justice perceptions and affective commitment only. Gender did not have any moderating effect on normative commitment or tenure intent. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

Offshoring and Cross‐Border Interorganizational Relationships: A Justice Model*

In this article, we develop an interorganizational justice model to explain cross‐border interorganizational relationships. The model contends that cultural distance (construed as the cultural differences between offshoring partners) would influence behavioral uncertainty and the boundary spanners' perceptions of justice. Specifically, the model predicts that high levels of behavioral uncertainty are likely to reduce relational commitment, whereas low levels of behavioral uncertainty are likely to enhance relational commitment. However, boundary spanners' perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice would mitigate the negative impact of behavioral uncertainty on relational commitment. The model also predicts that culturally similar boundary spanners would be more likely to share similar perceptions of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice than culturally dissimilar boundary spanners. This model has implications for further theoretical discussion and empirical research as well as management practice. Managers could use the interorganizational justice model to assess shared perceptions of justice among boundary spanners and develop transcultural justice competencies.     

服务失误归因与顾客感知的公平性关系研究

通过对广州市内几家餐馆的顾客进行问卷调查,探讨顾客归因、服务公平性及顾客信任感之间的关系。数据分析结果表明,服务失误归因包括内控性、外控性和普遍性3个组成成分,这3个组成成分对顾客感知的服务公平性有不同程度的影响。内控性对顾客感知的服务公平性影响最大,其次为普遍性和外控性。顾客感知的服务公平性包括程序、交往、结果和信息公平性4个组成成分,该4个组成成分均显著影响顾客的信任感。