基于实践社团的知识创造场研究

创造新知识是企业赢得竞争优势的关键,场对知识创造具有重要的促进作用,但场的系统性和抽象性使其构建面临很多挑战.实践社团作为激发创新的工具日益引起人们的重视,很多企业依赖实践社团处理与知识、能力和创新相关的事情.本文通过分析指出运用实践社团构建知识创造场的可行性,从领域场、社团场和实践场三个维度建立了知识创造场的模型,然后通过对壳牌公司海湾深水平台研究的案例分析,验证了这一模型的有效性.     

企业知识创造中的几个问题

企业知识理论是近年产生的一种新思想,尽管还未形成完整的理论框架,但是它对企业的基本特征和行为提出了全新的解释。该理论认为,企业是创造知识的实体,而创造和应用知识的能力是企业增强竞争优势的重要来源。     

服务外包知识协作：双向性、关系性与互补性

随着知识密集型项目比重的逐步提升,知识协作问题已成为服务外包组织战略中最重要的部分。本文分析了服务外包知识协作的静态特性,划分了知识协作过程的主要阶段,并提出了一个概念模型。在此基础上,建立了一个两阶段动态博弈模型,通过分别针对发包企业与接包企业之间两种合作模式下的均衡分析,提出了三个重要的命题：首先,发包企业和接包企业在知识共享中存在双向激励;其次,基于良好关系的企业间合作型知识决策模式有利于组织收益最大化;最后,较高的知识互补性对知识共享水平有正向促进作用。     

基于知识创造和知识溢出的R&D联盟的动态模型

本文通过对R&D联盟中企业间知识创造和知识溢出的分析,给出了知识存量的一般表示方法,并将参与企业的知识投入和开放水平视为内生变量,构造了知识联盟R&D两阶段的非合作动态博弈模型,提出了在对称的情况下纳什均衡存在并有唯一解的条件,分析了知识投入和知识开放水平在联盟不同时期对企业均衡利润的影响,并通过案例对部分命题提供佐证。最后,在模型假设和模型思想方面进行了一些简单探讨。     

企业新产品开发中的知识创造过程

知识已成为当今社会最为关键的竞争资源,新产品开发是知识密集型活动,不仅创造新产品,而且创造新知识。新产品开发的过程即是知识创造的过程。探索新产品开发活动中的知识创造过程,了解四个阶段的知识创造环节,有利于更有效地利用和管理知识资源。     

企业知识创造机理的认知心理学新探

在对知识分类观点进行梳理、归纳和比较的基础上,提出了灰性知识的概念和知识三分法,指出灰性知识是知识创造过程的重要一环。针对目前企业知识创造理论模型的缺陷,提出了基于认知心理学视角的企业知识创造IMCM模型,并对此模型的一般过程进行了分析。     

知识产权契约激励与个体知识创造行为的关系研究

知识产权契约激励对个体知识创造行为的影响决定组织知识创造的绩效.基于组织激励理论、心理学理论和行为学理论,以知识产权契约激励作为个体知识创造行为和知识心理所有权的前因变量,探讨知识产权契约激励对个体知识心理所有权和知识创造行为的直接影响以及知识心理所有权对知识产权契约激励与个体知识创造行为关系的中介作用.选取上海大众汽车一厂技术中心的研发人员为实证研究对象,采用结构方程模型实证检验R&D知识产权契约激励、附加知识产权激励、知识心理所有权与个体知识创造行为的关系.研究结果表明,R&D知识产权契约激励对个体知识创造行为具有正向作用,知识心理所有权对个体知识创造行为产生正向影响,R&D知识产权契约激励和附加知识产权激励对知识心理所有权均产生正向影响;知识心理所有权在R&D知识产权契约激励与个体知识创造行为之间起部分中介作用,而在附加知识产权激励与个体知识创造行为之间起完全中介作用.研究结果理清了知识产权契约激励、知识心理所有权与个体知识创造行为间的三者关系机理,打开了知识产权契约激励影响个体知识创造行为关系的黑箱,为知识产权契约激励的管理实践提供了重要的理论依据.     

基于价值创造的中间组织知识链影响因素研究

现代信息技术的发展快速地改变着组织的结构和边界,中间组织因具有旺盛的生命力和竞争力而成为知识经济时代创造价值的典型组织体类型.基于中间组织理论和知识链理论,研究成员企业知识资源对中间组织知识链生成的影响,以认知→直觉→行动→生成的系统逻辑框架构建中间组织知识链的系统结构.采用问卷调查法,利用SPSS 17.0软件对回收的有效问卷进行探索性分析,研究成员企业知识、中间组织知识链与价值创造之间的系统关系.研究结果表明,在中间组织知识链形成与运行的系统中选择36个具有解释力的影响因子,进一步对影响因子进行合理化剔除和选择,最终得到8个影响因素并由此构建基于价值创造的中间组织知识链影响因素模型.对研究结果和研究局限进行说明和讨论,为单个企业加入中间组织进行价值创造活动的知识资源利用和实践提供对策和建议.     

Overcoming barriers to knowledge co-production in academic–practitioner research collaboration

Knowledge co-production involving collaborating academics and practitioners is a recognized vehicle for stimulating innovation. However, co-production is hampered by a number of significant barriers, including structural differences between the partners, the mismanagement of conflict, and a traditional outlook on knowledge. We explore academic-practitioner research collaborations to document the specific practices allowing collaborators to address co-production barriers. The primary data for this study were collected from semi-structured interviews with academics and practitioners working on 24 Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage projects. The main contribution of this investigation is the identification of ‘academic cultivation’ in overcoming barriers to knowledge co-production. Academic cultivation denotes a situation where practitioner behavior designed to overcome one or other of the co-production barriers is prompted through prior actions by the academic.     

The effect of knowledge collaboration on business model reconfiguration

This study examines whether and to what extent the presence and intensity of knowledge collaboration across different partners affects business model reconfiguration (BMR). We build on the business model (BM) literature and operationalize BMR by introducing the presence and intensity of collaboration and firm size effects as main explanatory factors in affecting the propensity of incremental and radical BMR. We analyze a large sample of UK firms during 2002–2014 to capture the effect of knowledge collaboration and firm size on BMR. Positively incremental forms of BMR will be influenced by the presence and intensity of knowledge collaboration, while radical forms of BMR are affected by the intensity of collaboration with customers and the collaboration with suppliers by large firms. Furthermore, firms of different sizes do not equally benefit from knowledge collaboration with suppliers for both incremental and radical BMR, while they do equally benefit from collaboration with other partner types.     

Organizational Learning,knowledge creation,problem formulation and innovation in messy problems

This paper attempts to bring the discussion about knowledge creation, innovation and organizational learning to a level that addresses how messy problems are addressed and how the organizations must integrate the viewpoints of the key decision-makers, establish a process for testing their assumptions, include the context including the environment design, and to allow innovation and creativity to enter the choice of actions. It builds on the literature of problem formulation, innovation, and experimentation and on the articles in this special issue.     

企业价值链上协同知识创新的动态决策模型

针对企业价值链上协同知识创新的决策问题,以制造企业为价值链上主导企业,考虑由价值链上主导企业(大方型、小气型)与价值链上合作企业(目光长远型、目光短浅型)所交叉形成的四种不同情况,运用微分博弈分析了它们进行价值链协同知识创新的动态决策过程.通过对比四种不同情况下价值链上协同知识创新的决策结果,得出了一种帕累托最优的价值链上协同知识创新的情况,并分析了其成立的相应条件,同时提出了促成这种帕累托最优价值链协同知识创新情况实现的建议.最后,通过算例分析验证了理论推导的结果.     

股权结构与公司价值创造

以企业价值创造评价指标--经济附加值,及相关变量作为公司价值的度量,对沪市上市公司股权结构与公司价值的相关关系进行了分析.实证结果表明,股权结构对公司价值有显著的影响.主要体现在:1).股权集中度与公司价值间呈现显著的负相关关系.这说明上市公司中股权集中度越高的公司,公司价值越低;2).国家股比例与公司价值创造间显著的负相关关系,表明了国家股东在公司价值创造活动中的负面效应;3).法人股比例与公司价值创造间具有正相关关系,说明了法人股东既能激励又有能力来监督和控制公司管理人员,在公司治理中扮演着重要的角色;4).实证结果不支持流通股比例与公司价值创造的正相关关系.     

Collaboration experience in the supply chain of knowledge and patent development

Abstract

In this paper, we aim at understanding the role of collaboration experience in supply chains of knowledge (SCoK). The SCoK of a company is its supply chain not related to the flow of physical goods but to the flow of R&D commodities. R&D commodities are for example patents, technologies, research services, studies, and projects, and, in high-tech industries, their development and commercialisation are considered as important as real products. To accomplish our aim in this paper, we fulfil the following research objectives: (1) investigate the relationship between the collaboration experience in SCoK and the propensity of the firm to develop new patents; (2) examine how the structural embeddedness of the firm within its SCoK mediates this relationship. We ground our conceptual model on the supply chain, open innovation and social capital literatures and empirically test our hypotheses on a cross-sectional data-set of 208 biotech companies that have signed 612 SCoK agreements in the years 2006–2010. The key findings of this study are: first, accumulating experience in SCoK collaborations facilitates the development of new patents; second, being central and bridging structural holes within the SCoK are two means by which the experience in SCoK collaborations is translated into new patents.     

Structural determinants of team performance: the mutual influences of learning culture,creativity, and knowledge

This study examined the effects of supportive learning culture, team creativity, and collaborative knowledge creating practices on team performance. A survey was used to collect data from a total of 228 knowledge workers from nine Korean organizations. Analyses included measuring item internal consistency, validating proposed constructs, and examining structural relationships using Structural Equation Modelling. The proposed research model was validated in terms of item internal consistency and a model-fit in the Korean business context. Supportive learning culture had a positive and direct influence on team creativity and on the teams' collaborative knowledge creation practices; however, it had an indirect influence on the team performance through the variables of team creativity and knowledge creation practices. In the conclusion, limitations, implications, and further research suggestions are discussed.     

Value creation through collaborative supply chain: holistic performance enhancement road map

This paper proposes an integrated novel framework between B2B-SCM using data mining techniques such as K-Means based on particle swarm intelligence (particle swarm optimisation) and association rule. It constructs relationship rules of holistic performance enhancement road map. The data-set of relationships between enterprise and its direct customers of the case study organisations in France was used for demonstration. The experiment results show how domain managers powerfully utilise the graphical analysis results to provide the holistic performance improvement and weakness resolution relationship rules. In the long run, organisations are able to use this framework to design and adjust their units to conform the exact customer needs. This paper introduces and explains a new idea of measuring value added along the supply chain from a collaborative perspective. The extended model is adapted from our previous model and from balanced scorecard model. It provides a tool to measure tangible and intangible value between partners.     

Towards better understanding and narrowing of the science–practice gap: A practitioner-centered approach to management knowledge creation

The lack of mutual communication and collaboration between academic research and management practice, and the limited implementation of the research findings in strategic and tactical decision-making in practice settings, known as the science-practice ‘gap’, remains an essential issue in management research. We challenge the primary focus on academics for the possibilities of bridging the gap by arguing that the picture remains incomplete without a closer look at the positions, perceptions, and attitudes of practicing managers toward the joint production of relevant management knowledge. Based on the inductive, grounded theory approach, we conducted a qualitative study of 47 practicing managers with different organizational and functional responsibilities across various industry sectors. Although practitioners perceived practice-engaged research design and execution, relevant management research, and benefits from complementary knowledge as enablers of fruitful science-practice collaboration, our emerging findings revealed limited trust, limited cognition, coping strategies, and heuristic information processing to be important barriers for practitioners that hamper the collaboration process. Relying on the cognitive and information processing framework and theory of the conservation of resources, we aimed to explain the antecedent of (un)successful collaboration on the practitioners' side, thus extending our understanding of the scholarship of integration.