The effects of attending selective college tiers in China

We estimate the effects of attending the first versus second-tier of higher education institutions on Chinese students’ at-college and expected post-college outcomes using various quasi-experimental methods such as regression discontinuity, genetic matching, and regression discontinuity controlling for covariates. Overall we find that just attending the first versus second-tier makes little difference in terms of students’ class ranking, net tuition, expected wages, or likelihood of applying for graduate school. The results do show, however, that just attending the first versus second tier makes it less likely that students will get their preferred major choice.     

When everyone goes to college: The causal effect of college expansion on earnings

In this study, we estimate the causal effect of college expansion on earnings using the example of South Korea in the 1990s where the college enrollment rate increased from just over thirty percent to over eighty percent over a fifteen years period. We compare the pre-expansion cohort and the post-expansion cohort in order to identify those who would attend college because of the expansion but would not attend otherwise (compliers). We, then, estimate compliers’ earnings gain from the college expansion relative to the earnings changes of two control groups: those who either would or would not go to college regardless of college expansion (always-takers and never-takers). We find a striking gendered pattern; for men, the earnings return to college expansion is moderate and mostly driven by the increasing skill price, whereas, for women, the return is significantly large even net of the skill price change.     

Overlapping disadvantages and the racial/ethnic graduation gap among students attending selective institutions

Using a configurational approach, I examine the extent to which the intersection between background attributes can account for racial and ethnic gaps in graduation likelihood among students attending elite institutions in the United States. The results, which are based on the College & Beyond database, demonstrate the compounding effect of multiple disadvantages on students’ graduation likelihood, above and beyond the unique hardship associated with each background characteristic. Under-represented minority students are more likely to suffer from overlapping disadvantages than whites and Asians, but given similar constellations of disadvantages most minority students perform as well as whites. However, black students with overlapping disadvantages are slightly less likely to graduate than their white configuration-counterparts. About third of the overall race gap is attributed to the compounding effect of overlapping disadvantages on blacks’ achievement. That black male students with overlapping disadvantages are the most vulnerable group of all reveals an intersection between gender, race and class.     

Reevaluating the uses of status: The case of earnings determination

Status and prestige variables and measures have been central to the sociological study of individual variations in income and other dependent variables for at least 2 decades. Yet theoretical and methodological rationales for the use of such variables in the explanation of income are problematic. This conclusion, along with some similar conclusions about other uses of status and prestige variables and measures, were reached after a review of Weberian, functionalist, and other prominent discussions of the uses of status/prestige in theory and research on income. It is suggested that an emphasis upon structural attributes of jobs is more promising than a continued emphasis upon evaluatory, status/prestige conceptions of jobs for effective theorizing about income determination. A quantitative analysis of earnings shows that income effects of a common measure of socio-economic status disappear in the context of a rudimentary structural model of income. It is concluded that social scientists should move on to use more varied attributes of jobs and exercise more caution in the use of status and prestige variables.     

Converting education into earnings: The patterns among Hispanic origin men

We evaluate the functional form of the relationship between education and earnings for Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men to determine whether the payoffs to education vary with level of schooling, and whether credential effects can be discerned. Results indicate that for all groups the usual linear specification, while offering the advantage of parsimony, fits the data less well than more complex models. The levels model best predicts the earnings of Puerto Rican and other Spanish origin workers, while the credential model is best suited for Mexican, Central/South American, and non-Hispanic white men. Credential effects accrue to all groups, except the other Spanish, but Central/South Americans only receive added income bonuses for the completion of a college degree, whereas Mexican, Puerto Rican, and non-Hispanic white men also receive a bonus for a high school diploma.     

Field of study variation throughout the college pipeline and its effect on the earnings gap: Differences between ethnic and immigrant groups in Israel

This study demonstrates the analytical leverage gained from considering the entire college pipeline—including the application, admission and graduation stages—in examining the economic position of various groups upon labor market entry. The findings, based on data from three elite universities in Israel, reveal that the process that shapes economic inequality between different ethnic and immigrant groups is not necessarily cumulative. Field of study stratification does not expand systematically from stage to stage and the position of groups on the field of study hierarchy at each stage is not entirely explained by academic preparation. Differential selection and attrition processes, as well as ambition and aspirations, also shape the position of ethnic groups in the earnings hierarchy and generate a non-cumulative pattern. These findings suggest that a cross-sectional assessment of field of study inequality at the graduation stage can generate misleading conclusions about group-based economic inequality among workers with a bachelor’s degree.     

竞技体育训练模式在普通高校乒乓球专项课程中的应用

通过实验比较、技术分析、体能测试等方法,对我校2007级新生乒乓球专项课运用竞技体育训练模式进行了教学实验探索.经过两学年的教学实践,收到了良好的效果,有效地激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了学生的专项技术水平和体育能力,增强了学生的自信心,促进了他们身心健康的全面发展.     

CAI在大学英语教学中的合理运用的研究

本研究主要探讨的是大学英语教学如何运用多媒体手段进行教学设计 ,使教学更具有系统性 ,优化教学环境 ,提高教学效率。研究发现 ,将多媒体教学运用于教材呈示、学习者参与、及学后活动等环节中 ,并确定传统课堂教学与多媒体辅助教学有机结合最佳结合点是解决大学教学效率较低的关键问题。     

多元文化视域下大学生核心价值体系教育

大学生是多元文化的倡导者和践行者,在全球化时代背景下,如果大学生不能树立正确的核心价值体系,就可能缺失正确的价值观。本文在调查研究的基础上,通过对大学生价值观多元化成因与大学生思想政治教育存在的困境等问题的分析,探讨了实施大学生核心价值体系教育的具体路径。     

大学生合作意识培养探析

针对合作意识在当前大学生中较为淡薄以及教育工作者对此也比较忽视的现状,运用心理学的有关理论,论述了合作的概念,并从大学生个体发展及其与团体关系的两个方面分析了培养大学生合作意识的重要性,阐述了培养大学生合作意识的途径。     

大学物理教学中的课堂提问

大学物理课堂上很少作演示实验,课容量大,内容抽象,根据这一特点,大学物理课堂上的提问就有其自身的特点。课堂提问在整个教学环节中有着极其重要的作用,提问的方式方法不同,产生的效果往往会发生根本的变化。因此,课堂提问应该注意提问的对象、提问的范围、提问的多样性、提问的针对性等等问题。     

论大学生的职业选择

随着高等教育规模的不断扩大，大学生面临的社会竞争日趋激烈，在就业过程中所表现出的一些现象反映出大学生对于“如何进行职业选择”这一问题还缺乏足够的思考。从大学生“如何进行职业选择”入手，对影响“职业选择”的因素及如何开展“职业选择”进行了分析，以期对大学生能有所启发和帮助。     

在校农村大学生再社会化问题研究

来自农村的在校大学生在心理调适、价值观念、行为方式等方面存在许多问题。这些问题的产生,既有社会经济的原因,也有家庭背景的影响,更是传统农业文明与现代工业文明冲突的结果。从经济资助、“两课”教育、心理调节、文化生活等方面多管齐下,有助于解决这些问题,促进其再社会化过程的完成。     

高校教师健康状况分析

为了解高校教师的健康状况,增强人们的自我保健意识。采用收集教师体检资料的方法。发现患病率高的主要疾病是高脂血症、高血糖、高血压、胆道疾病、脂肪肝、心电图异常,且40～49岁年龄组患病率有增高趋势。认为高校预防保健要以生活方式干预为主,指导他们改变不良生活习惯,提高健康水平。     

Similarity in peer college preferences: New evidence from texas

In this paper, I use survey data from high school students in Texas to examine the magnitude of peer correlation in college preferences and choices. In this survey, respondents (and their classmates) recorded their preferences for attending specific colleges, and a follow up survey recorded their college enrollment decisions. This paper uses this information to present the first empirical examination of whether individuals who report preferences for “popular” colleges are more likely to attend their preferred college. The rich data set allows the use of often unavailable information such as distance to college, and the construction of the “popularity” variable allows the use of school-level fixed effects. Results indicate that individuals with 10 percentage points more classmates with matching college preferences are 3 percentage points more likely to enroll in their preferred college.     

健康教育MMCAI课件的研制及在学校健康教育的作用

健康教育已成为学校教育的首要任务之一 ,虽然对健康教育的重视程度逐渐提高 ,但目前仍是学校教育中薄弱的环节。本文就健康教育多媒体计算机辅助教学的课件的研制方法和研制过程 ,做了简要论述     

高校教师年终一次性奖金的纳税筹划

完善税收体制建设既是税收公平原则的体现,又是调节收入分配手段的保障.文章基于不违反税法规定前提下,结合高校教师薪酬发放特点,分析年终一次性奖金不同发放方式所产生的税负,指出合理的纳税筹划方法,为减轻高校教师税收负担,实现收益最大化提供有力保障.     

Skill and education effects on earnings in 18 Countries: The role of national educational institutions

This study investigates whether the mechanisms why education is rewarded vary across countries. Do educational institutions affect the likelihood that support for a particular mechanism is found? Combining IALS survey data and OECD statistics on educational institutions, it was shown that the effect of measured skill on earnings - controlled for educational attainment - is lower in countries where educational institutions produce skills relevant for work through the vocational system. This indicates that the human capital perspective on education works particularly well in vocationally oriented educational systems, as the skills generated in education are strongly overlapping with the skills that are rewarded. An alternative mechanism sees education as a means for social closure through credentialization. Under the credentialization model, education is not primarily rewarded for the productivity-enhancing skills it entails, but rather for reasons unrelated to productivity. Following this theory education is used for selection into the organization, after which directly observable skills are determining wages. Assuming that a strongly differentiated educational system creates boundaries between social groups, it is hypothesized that strongly differentiated systems lead to stronger measured skill effects. We do not find support for this hypothesis.     

大学生心理素质教育的实效性研究

大学生心理素质教育是高校素质教育的重要内容,对于促进大学生的全面发展起着十分重要的作用。当代大学生作为特殊的人才群体,是社会主义事业未来的建设者和接班人。随着经济社会的快速发展,大学生在学习、生活、就业、感情等方面所承受的压力日渐增多,产生了多种多样的心理矛盾和冲突,甚至一部分学生出现了较为严重的心理问题和心态危机。心理素质是衡量合格人才的重要尺度,大学生心理素质教育已引起社会各界的高度重视。文章根据大学生的心理特点和主要存在的心理问题,探讨了构建心理素质教育的调适方法和预防体系,以充分发挥思想政治教育的导向作用,有效地提高大学生心理素质教育的实效性,从而不断提高大学生的心理素质和适应社会的能力。