河北省城市居民体育消费现状与对策研究

当前,河北省城市居民体育消费现状主要表现在以下四个方面:一是中青年人对体育关注度比较高,但参与体育活动的意识比较低;二是老年人对体育关注以随意形式为主,但能积极参与体育活动;三是体育健身消费的价值取向逐渐趋向现代化,居民体育消费动机呈现多元化特征;四是居民因实际收入、闲暇时间及健身场地、设施的影响,总体消费水平较低,但实物形体育商品有着较好的市场活力。由此,建议进一步加快河北省区域体育法规的完善,采取措施加大对体育法规、体育赛事的宣传力度,营造良好的体育健身氛围,促进体育消费的进一步增长。     

Time dynamics of elder victimization: Evidence from the NCVS, 1992 to 2005

Persons who are relatively younger have a comparably higher incidence of crime victimization than those who are older. Comparative studies of crime rates among those 65 and older with those for younger persons across time are virtually nonexistent. This study provides these analyses. Data from the National Crime Victimization Survey are used to study the relative victimization rate among US elders. Macroeconomic indicators and environmental interventions were included to examine whether structural forces influence elder crime victimization rates. Such influences are fractionally cointegrated with the long-term elder property and personal crime rates, with each having a distinct data-generating process. The results of these analyses suggest that personal, but not property, crime rates have declined since the passage of the Crime Bill of 1994. As well, the summer months are associated with elevated rates of property crime committed against elders but not personal crime.     

Intergenerational relations before and after offspring arrive: A within-person investigation

The birth of a child may re-orientate the relations between adult children and their parents; however, the previous studies on the topic are both scarce and methodologically limited. The current study investigates whether younger adults' entry into parenthood (i.e., the birth of the first child) is associated with increased contact frequency, emotional closeness, intimacy and conflict with their own parents. The participants are from the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics, which is a prospective survey of younger adults with six annual follow-up waves between 2009 and 2014 (n = 17,662 person-observations from 4821 persons). Within-person regression with a focus on each individual's variation over time was used to detect changes in intergenerational relations. The contact frequency between daughters and mothers increased after the arrival of their first child. In contrast, the emotional closeness and intimacy between sons and mothers decreased after the birth of their first child. The results are discussed with reference to gender-based differences in intergenerational relations.     

Life course transitions in early adulthood and SES disparities in tobacco use

A huge literature has documented adult socioeconomic disparities in smoking but says less about how these disparities emerge over the life course. Building on findings that smoking among adolescents differs only modestly by parental SES, we utilize a life course perspective on social differentiation to help explain the widening disparities in smoking in young adulthood. Our theory suggests that achieved socioeconomic status and the nature and timing of adult role transitions affect age-based trajectories of smoking and widen disparities in adult smoking. The analyses use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which follows a representative national sample over four waves from ages 11–17 in 1994/1995 to 26–34 in 2007/2008. The results show divergent age trajectories in smoking by parental education and that achieved socioeconomic status and life course roles in young adulthood account in good part for differences in the age trajectories. The findings demonstrate the value of the life course perspective in understanding processes of increasing stratification in health behavior and health during the transition to adulthood.     

试论先秦冠礼和笄礼的象征意义

从原始社会发展而来的男女成年礼在进入阶级社会以后,其性质已经发生了变化。它不再是步入成年的青年男女分别获得成人资格的象征,而是成为西周宗法社会剥夺女性社会权力,实现男性统治的有效工具。男子通过冠礼走出家庭走向社会,不但获得了社会性成人的资格,而且正式成为家族血缘的继承人,拥有了领导家庭和参与社会的双重权利。女子则通过笄礼的实施被剥夺了社会性成人资格,她们不再拥有任何权力,只能由一个家庭走向另一个家庭,通过结婚的方式获得人生的成年。     

两宋绍兴禹庙梅梁信仰民俗形成考

以禹庙"梅梁化龙"故事为研究线索,梳理古籍文献与文人诗歌文本中"梅梁"信仰由小到大、由少到多、有简单到复杂的"滚雪球"似的演变积淀过程,并分析此信仰形成的内在机制。     

人性化理念的哲学基础

人性化理念有其深层的哲学理论根基。人是人类世界中的最高存在,是自然界、人类社会和人自身的主体,在价值世界中具有至上地位,这是人性化理念的哲学基础。     

Race differences in middle class lifestyle: The role of home ownership

This paper examines race differences in two aspects of “middle class” lifestyle: home ownership and net worth. Home ownership indicates stability; and for older persons net worth is an important part of economic status. Data from the NLS studies of older men are analyzed. The major findings are: (1) while whites at any earnings level are very likely to own homes by ages 50–64, only at relatively high earning levels do blacks begin to approach the home ownership rates of whites; (b) the net worth of blacks is substantially lower than that of whites after adjusting for variables in a standard status attainment model; and (c) however, among home owners the race difference as well as effects of other variables are much smaller than for renters. This is attributed to forced saving through home ownership. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible sources of low home ownership rates and low net worth of blacks and the implication of these findings for the study of middle class status.     

地方经济发展与地方院校法学本科教育的关系

地方经济发展给地方院校法学本科教育带来了极大的机遇和全新的挑战，新形势下地方院校法学本科教育应做好培养目标与培养模式的转变，做到地方院校法学本科教育与地方经济发展相结合。法学本科教育应适应地方经济发展的需要，培养社会需要的建设者，培养合格的高素质的法律人才。     

笔开象外精神:郑伯熊与永嘉学派

郑伯熊是叶适所构建的永嘉学派传人之一,并自此开始成为历代永嘉之学传承谱系中的关键人物。人们很少去追问这一历史人物是否足以符合学派谱系的构建需求。为了理解叶适之所以要标举郑伯熊这样一个人物,我们需要通过叶适来观察郑伯熊,以此体会叶适构建该人物时的依据与想法。叶适在叙述郑伯熊时所预构的人物类型、后人对郑伯熊的师承与个人行为有意识地进行地方化确认,以及叶适所提炼出的郑伯熊的思想主旨,最终使其成为永嘉学派人物传承谱系中的重要一员。同时,区域性学派构建中所包含着的地方认同和价值偏向也定义出了永嘉学派。     

The social and genetic inheritance of educational attainment: Genes,parental education,and educational expansion

Recently, several genome-wide association studies of educational attainment have found education-related genetic variants and enabled the integration of human inheritance into social research. This study incorporates the newest education polygenic score (Lee et al., 2018) into sociological research, and tests three gene-environment interaction hypotheses on status attainment. Using the Health and Retirement Study (N = 7599), I report three findings. First, a standard deviation increase in the education polygenic score is associated with a 58% increase in the likelihood of advancing to the next level of education, while a standard deviation increase in parental education results in a 53% increase. Second, supporting the Saunders hypothesis, the genetic effect becomes 11% smaller when parental education is one standard deviation higher, indicating that highly educated parents are more able to preserve their family's elite status in the next generation. Finally, the genetic effect is slightly greater for the younger cohort (1942–59) than the older cohort (1920–41). The findings strengthen the existing literature on the social influences in helping children achieve their innate talents.     

民族地区高校应用型生态学专业人才培养探析——以琼州学院新建生态学本科专业为例

通过对琼州学院新建生态学本科专业师生状况分析,从应用型生态学专业的理论教学改革、实践教学改革、创新人才的培养以及师资队伍建设的加强四个方面进行探讨,力争通过应用型生态学专业的教学改革,使生态学本科专业的建设能够符合学校建设＂应用型、开放式、特色鲜明＂大学的要求,为＂海南国际旅游岛＂的建设输送大量高素质的生态学专业人才。     

Some cross-population comparisons of family bias in the effects of schooling on occupational status

It is a truism of research on social stratification that the effects of socioeconomic or family background on educational attainment and adult success lead to biases in the simple regressions of occupational status (or other putative outcomes of schooling) on educational attainment. The present analysis compares findings of family bias in the effects of schooling on occupational status across samples of siblings drawn from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study and from Olneck's sample of brothers from Kalamazoo, Michigan. The comparative analysis shows that family bias in the effect of schooling on occupational status may be much less than is commonly believed and that very large samples may be needed to measure it reliably. Moreover, the analysis suggests that estimates of family bias are very sensitive to the specification of response variability in schooling. The analysis also illustrates some useful methods for cross-population comparison of structural equation models.     

基于群策AHP高等学校教学质量综合评判

教师课堂教学质量评价是学校教学质量管理的一个重要内容,对于提高课堂教学质量具有经济意义和重要作用。针对教师教学质量测评主观多、客观少,定性多、定量少特点,提出了基于群策AHP(AnalyticHierarchy Process,AHP)和多层次模糊综合评判方法。采用群策AHP确定测评指标权重集,避免确定权重的主观片面性,采用较成熟的模糊综合评判法,将定性分析和定量分析有机结合起来,使教学评价更科学、客观,测评更具操作性。实例表明,该测评模型能够反映教学质量实际情况,具有很好的可行性。     

省级重点实验室服务本科教学的机制探讨

省级重点实验室肩负着科研水平提升和服务教学的双重任务,如何充分发挥其特色和优势服务于本科教学,是摆在各高校面前的一项重要课题。结合河北省预防兽医学重点实验室建设和发展的实际,从强化本科教学的中心地位、科研促进教学的有效途径、实验室开放、实验室管理等方面进行了探析,从理论上提出了适合学校实情的关于实验室建设的可行性建议,以求有效地指导教育、教学实践。     

儿子对老年父母的照顾:香港夹心代的境况与态度的启示

通过研究香港中年夹心代对老年父母的照顾模式发现,儿子对父母仍存在积极的照顾,特别在经济及感情的照顾上,儿子的参予不见得比女儿少。并从老年父母的角度来了解中年夹心代的责任。研究发现不论由中年夹心代照顾者看其对老年父母的责任,抑或由老年父母的角度看儿子的责任,也都认为儿子应照顾老年父母,及在现实的情况下,儿子实际上亦有施予照顾,且其参予不见得比女儿少。不过,两代间对中年夹心代对家庭成员的责任则出现不一致的看法。中年夹心代倾向优先照顾其本身的儿女(即第三代),其次才是照顾其老年父母,再其次是照顾其配偶。     

Youth debt, mastery, and self-esteem: Class-stratified effects of indebtedness on self-concept

Young adults at the turn of the 21st century came of age in a time of unprecedented access to credit but slowed growth in earnings, resulting in a dramatic increase in indebtedness. Debt has been little studied by sociologists, even though it is increasingly important in financing both attainment and a middle-class lifestyle, especially for youth in the transition to adulthood. We study the consequences of indebtedness for young adults’ sense of mastery and self-esteem as stratified by class. Young adulthood is a crucial developmental period for mastery and self-esteem, which then serve as a social psychological resource (or deficit) into the adult years. Research suggests that young people have divergent perspectives on debt: some focus on credit as a necessary investment in status attainment, while others worry that readily available credit invites improvidence that can erode the self-concept as debt encumbers achievement and future consumption and increases a sense of powerlessness. We find that both education and credit-card debt increase mastery and self-esteem, supporting the hypothesis that young people experience debt as an investment in the future, and contradicting the expectation that debt used to finance current spending will lower mastery and self-esteem. Our expectation that debt effects are accentuated for those of lower- and middle-class origins but blunted for those of upper-class origins is supported. We find, however, that the positive effects of debt appear to wane among the oldest young adults, suggesting the stresses of debt may mount with age. We conclude that further study of the long-term consequences of debt will be essential for advancing contemporary stratification theory and research.     

河北省大学生信息素质教育培养模式研究

通过随机问卷调查和对河北省大学生信息素质的现状分析与理性思考,提出了网络环境下的大学信息素质教育由基础到高级四个层面内容及大学生信息素质教育的构建方法和大学生信息素质教育的培养模式。     

政治仪式中的权力结构及其动态分析

本文从势能的角度提出一种理解政治权力的理论图式,权力的涵括范围和价值位阶是衡量权力关系的两大基本变量。在政治仪式中,权力的涵括范围主要指仪式的类型、政治背景和政治空间、参与者以及规模等方面的差别;权力的价值位阶则主要取决于仪式主导者所处地位的绝对高度。这两种变量不仅是政治仪式中评估权力关系的关键指标,同时在实践中,政治仪式通过调控两种变量实现权力的生产和再生产。     

The status value theory of power and mechanisms of micro stratification: Theory and new experimental evidence

This paper employs sociological theories of status and power to explore the mechanisms wherein status characteristics produce power in exchange relations. Theories in the status and exchange literature suggest that status characteristics produce power most strongly when actors possess (i) multiple differentiating status characteristics, and (ii) multiple resources. An experiment manipulating these factors finds that the former is related to expectations of competence while the latter induces perceptions of status value — mechanisms whereby status produces power. A second experiment manipulates the race and gender of the participants enabling white males to negotiate with African-American females in dyads. This study produces some of the largest dyadic power differences ever reported in micro sociology. These findings have implications for the mechanisms of power from Thye's (2000a) status value theory of power and Berger and Fisek's (2006) formal theory of status value. More generally, this research bears on the rudimentary foundations of social stratification in groups both small and large.