工业企业物流能力与供应链绩效关系的实证研究

对物流能力中的有形要素能力与运作能力进行了说明,并选定了对供应链绩效进行衡量的中间变量。在此基础上提出了一系列假设并建立模型,通过对国内近千家工业企业进行问卷调查,用结构方程模型进行了分析,得出了运作能力比有形要素能力对供应链绩效影响更显著的结论。实证分析显示,运作能力对响应性、服务质量、物流绩效都有显著影响,并通过服务质量间接影响到企业的财务绩效,而有形要素能力除了与运作能力有相关性之外,对响应性、服务质量、物流绩效均无显著的直接影响。     

战略柔性对企业绩效影响的实证研究

基于对战略柔性和企业绩效问题的研究和分析,提炼出一个体现战略柔性和企业绩效之间关系的结构模型,采用多行业的样本数据,运用SPSS和结构方程模型,实证检验了不同类型的战略柔性(资源柔性和能力柔性)对企业绩效的影响程度,得出能力柔性对企业绩效影响显著,而资源柔性对企业绩效的影响不明显的结论,这一结论为中国企业今后提升经营绩效提供了有效的理论支持。     

公司创业精神、市场营销能力与市场绩效的关系研究

公司创业精神是企业所拥有的最为异质的资源之一,它对企业的市场绩效有着显著的影响.通过以中国的调研数据来探索公司创业精神的丰富内涵,并验证公司创业精神与市场绩效之间的关系.同时,从理论和实证2个方面研究了公司创业精神对市场绩效的作用途径,发现市场营销能力在其中发挥着中介的作用.     

产品模块化对组织绩效的影响：中国情境下的实证研究

产品模块化问题越来越引起学术界和企业界的重视,但是理论上关于产品模块化能否提升组织绩效以及其作用机制尚不清晰。在理论推演的基础上,通过实证研究探讨了产品模块化对组织绩效的不同影响机制。研究发现,产品模块化除了直接影响企业的短期绩效外,还会通过提高企业的门槛能力和重要性能力来提升短期绩效水平;另一方面,产品模块化通过提高技术创新水平来提升企业的未来性能力进而影响增长绩效。创新之处在于,对之前学者的研究模型做了进一步的整合与发展,证明了处于经济转型的中国情境下,产品模块化对企业短期绩效和增长绩效的不同影响机制。最后讨论了本研究对当前管理实践的启示和未来研究方向。     

An Empirical Investigation of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Causal Model

The objective of this research is to test the theory and causal performance linkages implied by the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA). The survey instrument used a comprehensive set of 101 questions that were directly tied to specific criteria in the 1995 MBNQA Criteria. Results reported here represent the first published article that tests the MBNQA performance relationships and causal model using comprehensive measurement and structural models. In general, our research concludes that (1) The underlying theory of the MBNQA is supported that “leadership drives the system that causes results”; (2) Leadership is the most important driver of system performance; (3) Leadership has no direct effect on Financial Results but must influence overall performance “through the system”; (4) Information and Analysis is statistically the second most important Baldrige category; (5) the Baldrige category, Process Management, is twice as important when predicting customer satisfaction as when predicting financial results; and (6) a modified “within system” set of five Baldrige causal relationships is a good predictor of organizational performance.     

An Empirical Investigation of Web Site Use Using a Commitment‐Based Model

Companies throughout industry are interested in retaining existing customers, because customers' continuous consumption of products and services is critical to the long‐term value propositions of most organizations. Thus, decision‐making strategies that promote continuous use and customer retention are of research interest, both theoretically and practically. In the present research, we investigate one important area of continuous usage, that of Web site use. In particular, we use several theories of commitment to understand how an individual's decision to continue to use a Web site is influenced by his or her commitment toward that Web site and the vendor that supports it. Results derived from data collected from 335 users of a variety of Web sites indicated that affective commitment, calculative commitment, quality of alternatives, and trust were significantly associated with an individual's behavioral intention to continue to use a Web site. Implications for customer retention and decision‐making strategies are discussed.     

An Empirical Model for Managing Quality in the Electronics Industry

Much of the empirical research in the past two decades has suggested that quality management (QM) is context dependent. This research develops an empirical QM model in a technology‐based sector—electronics manufacturing. Based on quantitative and qualitative investigations of 225 electronics firms in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China, a path analytic model is developed. The empirical model shows that a typical quality management system (QMS) in the electronics industry is composed of four major modules, namely leadership, cultural elements, operational support systems, and process management. These modules create a series of chain effects on organizational performance, rather than acting as parallel elements with an equal impact. By quantifying their effects on organizational performance and comparing the model to others in the literature, we identify those QM constructs that are context dependent. In electronics manufacturing, process management and customer focus are more important than other elements (e.g., cultural factors) for garnering business results. This study contributes to contingency theory and research by identifying the key constructs and their relationships in a competitive, volatile, and technology‐based industry with complex supply networks.     

Managing Knowledge Creation in High‐Tech R&D Projects: A Multimethod Study

R&D projects in high‐tech organizations bring together diverse knowledge domains to quickly develop new products and processes. The fast‐paced context of high‐tech organizations makes it challenging to create new knowledge and solve complex problems. Managing these R&D projects requires understanding both the mechanisms and the type of knowledge created to achieve project objectives. This research conducts a two‐phased multimethod study to understand knowledge creation in high‐tech R&D projects. The first phase uses qualitative data to develop a theory on knowledge creation in R&D projects. The second phase involves a survey that collects data from R&D projects to test the theory. Results from the case study find that R&D projects benefit from two types of knowledge – objective and intuitive. The case analyses show that intuitive and objective knowledge creation in high‐tech organizations occurs by creating not only diverse but also psychological safe project teams. The large‐scale survey finds that team diversity positively influences objective knowledge creation while psychological safety affects intuitive knowledge creation. Surprisingly, the results show that team diversity negatively affects intuitive knowledge creation. A post hoc analysis takes a more granular look at diversity and shows that different kinds of diversity have different effects on knowledge creation. This helps to better explain how to manage innovation across boundaries. Finally, the analysis shows that both objective and intuitive knowledge influence R&D project performance. Taken together, these results help explain how to manage innovation across functional boundaries to create knowledge and enhance R&D project performance.      

信息技术、核心能力和企业绩效的实证研究

信息技术增强企业竞争力的机理是有效提升企业信息技术应用水平的重要前提。基于核心能力理论构建信息技术资源和信息技术应用能力通过企业核心能力这一中介变量影响企业绩效的理论模型,并考虑环境动态性在信息技术增强企业竞争力过程中的调节效应,应用偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型,对中国296家企业的问卷调查数据进行分析。研究结果表明,在不考虑环境动态性的情况下,无论是信息技术资源还是信息技术应用能力都无法直接影响企业绩效,信息技术必须通过支持企业核心能力间接影响企业绩效;环境动态性在信息技术增强企业竞争力过程中有显著的调节作用,不同环境下信息技术影响企业绩效的机理是不同的,在稳定环境下企业信息技术应用的重点是获取支持核心能力的信息技术资源,在动态环境下企业更应该构建信息技术应用能力,才能实现对不断变化的核心能力的持续支持,进而提升企业绩效。     

New Service Development Competence and Performance: An Empirical Investigation in Retail Banking

What can service firms do to improve their ability to offer new services? In this paper we argue that new service development success results from building a competence in the management of service development resources and routines. We conceptualize new service development competence as a multidimensional, second‐order latent construct that is represented by a system of four interrelated and complementary dimensions: (1) formalized new service development processes, (2) market acuity, (3) new service development strategy, and (4) information technology use and experience. We hypothesize that the growth of new service development competence is related to improved new service development performance. Using structural equations modeling, we analyze survey data from 166 retail banks and report three key empirical findings. First, we show that the four hypothesized dimensions are statistically significant in defining new service development competence. Second, contrary to conventional wisdom in new product development, we find that formalized processes play a lesser role in the success of new service development compared with the other three dimensions. Instead, market acuity—which captures the firm's ability to see the competitive environment clearly and to anticipate and respond to customers' evolving needs and wants—was the most important new service development competence indicator. Finally, we demonstrate the positive effect of new service development competence on new service development performance and show that new service development competence is also significantly related to business‐level performance. Together, our empirical results suggest that complementary benefits arise from the adoption of a more holistic approach to the management of new service development at the program level.     

管理层级、职业经验与项目绩效的实证研究

基于2005年的问卷调查数据,本文对新技术商业化过程中项目管理层级差异、管理团队的职业经验差异与项目绩效之间的关系进行了实证研究.结论发现,从事新技术商业化的管理团队的经验越丰富,项目绩效就越好;但衡量管理层级的项目负责人在企业内的行政管理级别的高低对项目绩效好坏没有统计学上的差异,这与国外已有的一些实证研究结果不同.本文最后简要分析了造成这种不同的可能原因.     

市场导向、质量导向与企业绩效关系的研究

以110家中国企业为样本,通过验证性因子分析,研究市场导向、质量导向与企业绩效之间的关系.研究发现,市场导向与质量导向呈显著正相关,且市场导向能够积极地提升企业绩效;质量导向需要市场驱动来提升质量改进努力对企业绩效的影响.     

Quality‐related Action Programs: Their Impact on Quality Performance and Firm Performance

From analyses of the direct effects of 10 quality action programs on six firm performance outcomes, as well as their indirect effects through eight quality performance dimensions, two routes from action programs through quality performance to firm performance in the automotive supply industry are identified. The first is the product quality route, whose landmarks are superior quality performance on Conformance and Design Quality dimensions; the second is the relationship quality route, with superior Customer Responsiveness and Service. Both the product quality and the relationship quality routes lead to superior ROI; the former also leads to enhanced ROA, and the latter to enhanced market share performance. Associated key action programs are Committed Leadership, Cross‐Functional Quality Teams, Employee Empowerment, Supplier Development, and Closer Customer Relationships. The first three are internally focused, while the latter two are boundary‐spanning supply chain programs.     

创业导向、人力资源系统柔性与企业绩效关系研究

基于战略人力资源管理的视角,以人力资源系统柔性为中介变量,构建创业导向对企业绩效影响关系的理论模型,其中创业导向被划分为创新与先动性、风险承担性2个维度.利用来自珠三角制造企业的381份调查数据对模型进行实证检验,发现创新与先动性、风险承担性均对企业绩效有显著正向影响;人力资源系统柔性在创新与先动性与企业绩效的关系中起部分中介作用,而在风险承担性与企业绩效的关系中不起中介作用.     

人力资源管理实践与企业绩效:基于动态环境的实证研究

根据对中国大陆企业人力资源部的经理和有关管理人员进行调查的111份有效问卷,分析经济转型和企业国际化的动态环境下,人力资本、人力资源管理实践与企业绩效的关系。通过质量和数量、匹配性、互补性、异质性这4个指标来衡量企业的人力资本,并以层级回归和多层次理论对假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,人力资源管理实践对企业绩效的影响是通过人力资本的部分中介作用来表现的;动态环境会减弱人力资源管理实践影响人力资本的直接作用关系,以及减弱人力资本的中介作用,即与稳定的环境相比,动态环境在人力资源管理实践与人力资本间具有调节效应。     

Information Technology and Process Performance: An Empirical Investigation of the Interaction Between IT and Non‐IT Resources*

Drawing on the resource‐based view, we propose a configurational perspective of how information technology (IT) assets and capabilities affect firm performance. Our premise is that IT assets and IT managerial capabilities are components in organizational design, and as such, their impact can only be understood by taking into consideration the interactions between those IT assets and capabilities and other non‐IT components. We develop and test a model that assesses the impact of explicit and tacit IT resources by examining their interactions with two non‐IT resources (open communication and business work practices). Our analysis of data collected from a sample of firms in the third‐party logistics industry supports the proposed configurational perspective, showing that IT resources can either enhance (complement) or suppress (by substituting for) the effects of non‐IT resources on process performance. More specifically, we find evidence of complementarities between shared business–IT knowledge and business work practice and between the scope of IT applications and an open communication culture in affecting the performance of the customer‐service process; but there is evidence of substitutability between shared knowledge and open communications. For decision making, our results reinforce the need to account for all dimensions of possible interaction between IT and non‐IT resources when evaluating IT investments.     

IT外包中企业绩效的影响因素实证研究

在已有文献的基础上,识别了关系治理的三个维度：良好冲突处理、相互依赖和关系规范,并从关系治理角度出发,构建了IT外包企业绩效影响因素的概念模型。通过对北京、上海和西安三地20多家外包企业进行问卷调查,利用结构方程模型进行实证分析。实证结果表明：信任、承诺和知识共享对企业绩效有显著的正向影响,其中信任和承诺对企业绩效的影响既有直接的影响又有间接的影响,知识共享对企业绩效有直接的影响;信任、承诺和知识共享具有很强的中介作用,良好冲突处理和相互依赖以信任、承诺和知识共享为中间变量间接影响企业绩效,关系规范以承诺和知识共享为中间变量间接影响企业绩效。     

人力资源管理系统影响企业绩效的复杂性机理——基于高新技术企业的实证研究

破解人力资源管理系统影响企业绩效的机理是战略人力资源管理研究领域的核心问题。基于164家高新技术企业的调查数据,采用层级回归模型检验了人力资源管理系统与企业绩效间的复杂性机理。结果显示,人力资源管理系统对企业绩效的正向直接效应显著,影响二者关系的外生变量是创新战略非高管价值观;人力资本在二者关系间的中介效应不显著,但以组织氛围为控制变量时中介效应有了显著提高;"组织氛围调节下的人力资本中介作用模型"很好地刻画人力资本发挥中介效应的机理。研究结果强化了我们对人力资源管理系统与企业绩效关系机理的认知,同时为高新技术企业管理者在实践中管理员工提供了有益启示。     

Capability,Quality, and Performance of Offshore IS Vendors: A Theoretical Framework and Empirical Investigation

Information systems (IS) offshoring has become a widespread practice and a strategic sourcing choice for many firms. While much has been written by researchers about the factors that lead to successful offshoring arrangements from the client's viewpoint, the vendor's perspective has been largely scarce. The vendor perspective is equally important as offshore IS vendors need to make important decisions in terms of delivering operational and strategic performance and aligning their resources and processes in order to meet or exceed targeted outcomes. In this article, we propose and test a three‐level capability–quality–performance (CQP) theoretical framework to understand vendor outcomes and their antecedents. The first level of the framework represents three vendor capabilities: relationship management, contract management, and information technology management. The second level has three mediating variables representing process quality: partnership, service, and deliverable quality. The third level has three dependent variables representing vendor outcomes: operational performance, strategic performance, and satisfaction. The model was tested with 188 vendor firms from India and China, the two most popular destinations for IS offshoring. Results support the CQP framework; vendor capabilities are significant predictors of intermediate quality measures, which in turn affect vendor outcomes. Implications of the study findings to both theory development and IS offshore vendor strategic decision making are discussed.