Corporate Governance: Stakeholder Value Versus Shareholder Value

Unsatisfied with the dominatingshareholders' point of view, that appears to betoo limited to build a relevant theory ofcorporate governance, we propose an enlargeddefinition of the value which may be called,the stakeholder value. This definition and itsassociated measure are more suitable for thestakeholder approach to the firm and morerelevant to understand the value creation andsharing mechanisms.     

Corporate Governance and Democracy: The Stakeholder Debate Revisited

'Stakeholding' is a term laden with manymeanings. In this paper we attempt to put someorder on the discourse by confining attentionto the corporation. We assess the originsand the intellectual foundations of the 'shareholder versus stakeholder' debate. We askwhether and how 'stakeholding' might be a morelogical or rational system, a fairer or moredemocratic system, and one that provides betterperformative outcomes. Each of these claims isassessed in respect to the micro firmperspective and the macro economy-wideperspective.One of the most difficult and neglected areasin the stakeholding debate concerns thepracticalities of its implementation. The papertackles this issue directly, at both thedomestic and the international level. We asknot only how stakeholding might be sensiblyintroduces within a national context but alsowhat it means to discuss stakeholding inrespect to transnational enterprises.     

Sustaining the Financial Value of Global CSR: Reconciling Corporate and Stakeholder Interests in a Less Regulated Environment

In this article we examine the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm value. This line of research is important since firms continue to invest in CSR even though past studies reveal a limited linkage between financial value and CSR. However, the business case for CSR or “doing good while making a profit,” appears to be advancing within the business ethics literature as a preferred conception of CSR. We conjecture that the greater unification and refinement of both profit maximization and stakeholder interests through corporate acts, not statements alone, will sustain the financial value of CSR in a less regulated global business environment. We study the triangle of what companies say, what companies do, and firm financial performance. We analyze Fortune 250 firms and find a positive association between what companies do based on KLD Research and Analytics, Inc. (KLD) ratings, and what companies state about ethics in their CSR statements. We then employ regression analysis and find that companies’ socially responsible acts are positively associated with overall firm value and financial performance. Yet we do not find a statistically significant association between what companies say regarding ethics in their CSR statements and their financial outcomes. These results suggest that firm value and financial performance is associated with what companies do and not what they say. Our results seem to be driven by multinational corporations (MNCs) and not by non‐MNCs. This is possibly because MNCs generally operate in a less regulated global business environment that often necessitates strong ethical corporate leadership to further stakeholder interests. Overall, these results help reconcile corporate and stakeholder objectives since evidence of a link between financial performance and doing good sustains global CSR.     

Corporate Governance mechanisms as drivers that enhance the credibility and usefulness of CSR disclosure

The aim of this paper is to examine what kinds of CG mechanisms (institutional, firm or group level) are driving getting an Assurance or a GRI application level, like CSR disclosure decisions linked with credibility and usefulness of the information disclosed, in the particular context of energy companies. Previous evidence is scarce and does not jointly consider all levels of CG mechanisms. Our sample is composed by 176 energy companies worldwide which currently report about CSR through a sustainability report. On the basis of our findings, we could support the idea that the credibility of the CSR report of the utilities companies will be greater if the company listed in a Relation-Based country has an Assurance report. In addition, those companies that have a concentrated ownership and the fewer insiders sitting in the BoD present more probabilities of having an Assurance. Moreover, the usefulness of the CSR information provided by this kind of firms will be higher, the greater the efficiency of the BoD will be. The enhancement of the credibility and the usefulness of the information reported is essential for companies involved in this sector due to the frequent claim of window-dressing behaviours.     

投资者关系管理、公司治理与企业业绩

本文将上市公司投资者关系管理因素引入法与金融学理论模型分析得出,由于投资者关系管理起到了提高投资者知情权的作用,有助于对投资者权益的保障,故应促进公司治理水平与业绩提高.然而,实证检验结果发现,上市公司投资者关系对公司市场价值产生了显著的正向影响,但对公司治理水平、会计业绩均无显著影响.本文认为以下两个因素造成了理论与实证结果的差异:第一,我国上市公司从事投资者关系的主要目的在于融资,对流通股股东利益并不太关心.第二,由于我国资本市场股权结构的特殊性、法律机制的缺陷,造成了流通股股东"以脚投票"的决策无法有效地影响上市公司"以手投票"的机制.故要发挥投资者关系的作用,唯有协调控股股东与中小股东利益,引入"辩方举证"、"集体诉讼"等机制切实保障中小投资者权益.     

Online Corporate Environmental Reporting: Improvements and Innovation to Enhance Stakeholder Value

Corporate environmental/sustainability reporting is a growing trend among top global companies. In many cases, these reports have been made available online. Although the internet has provided reporting companies with a new channel to convey environmental information to the public, effective use of this media requires careful thought.Usability is a primary consideration that is not being addressed in many online corporate environmental/sustainability reports (CER). Often, these reports are difficult for users to locate from the corporate homepage, the search option does not render the correct page, some are only available in PDF format, and navigation within the report can be difficult. Current online reporting can also be ineffective if the technology is not oriented towards a framework of maximizing stakeholder value.If approached properly, internet technology allows for interactivity between a company and its stakeholders, provision of real-time updates of information and specialized information retrieval depending on the needs of users. This paper focuses on the current state of online CER reporting and suggests methods and practices for enhancing stakeholder value.     

传媒管制与传媒集团公司治理模式的构建

传媒集团的公司治理是一个十分复杂的问题,中国经济制度和政治制度的特殊性决定了我国传媒集团公司治理的特殊性,本文从中国传媒的政府管制入手,分析了传媒产业的政府管制需求及管制产生的弊端,提出建构公司治理机制可以实现对政府管制的部分替代。在此基础上,客观剖析了目前中国传媒集团公司治理的现状及存在的问题。针对我国传媒集团存在的产权残缺、委托人残缺及管理者激励机制欠缺等问题,提出了中国传媒集团“三级治理”的公司治理模型,特别强调政府治理、外部治理、内部治理三者的有机结合。     

制订《中国公司治理原则》推进企业改革进程--WTO、企业发展与公司治理原则研讨会综述

2000年11月25日至26日，由中国经济体制改革研究会和南开大学国际商学院共同主办的“WTO、企业发展与公司治理原则研讨会”在北京隆重召开。会上，国内第一个提出并组织研究制订中国公司治理原则的南开大学国际商学院院长李维安教授做了题为《中国公司治理原则——世界潮流与企业改革的呼唤》的主题报告，引起强烈反响。与会专家、学者、企业家代表一致认为，在党的十五届五中全会强调“健全企业法人治理结构是深化国企改革的一项重要任务”的背景下，李维安教授敏锐地感觉到国企脱困后将进入公司治理改革的新阶段，并率先组织制订出《中…     

聚焦活动与企业价值之关系——从公司治理机制探讨

本研究系探讨企业聚焦活动宣告对股票报酬之影响,采用1993年至2002年间33家台湾上市上柜公司宣告聚焦活动为研究对象,并以事件研究法市场模型为分析工具,同时以复回归方法从公司治理角度去探讨影响累积异常报酬之因素。研究结果发现,企业聚焦之宣告可获得显著且正向累积异常报酬;而董事会规模、上一年多角化程度以及研究发展费用等因素与累积异常报酬呈正相关。然而,大股东持股比率与累积异常报酬呈负相关。     

公司治理与企业价值的实证研究

本文试图构建一个能够恰当反映和评价中国企业公司治理水平的CGI指标体系及企业价值计量模型,并运用回归分析,检验中国企业公司治理与其价值的相关性。研究结论表明公司治理水平对企业短期绩效的影响相比于对反映企业长期绩效的企业价值的影响更为显著。     

终极控制股东、控制权溢价和公司治理研究

由于公司治理研究逻辑起点的改变,小股东和控制股东之间的代理问题成为公司治理的核心问题.通过分析大股东对小股东利益侵害程度的传统计算方法,提出了终极控制股东对小股东侵害度的计算模型.     

《中国公司治理原则(草案)》及其解说

前言国家经济的增长依赖公司财富的增加,而创造财富离不开良好的公司治理（Corporate Governance）。近年来,公司治理已成为一个世界性课题,它首先是一种相互制衡关系,即以股东为核心的利害相关者之间相互制衡关系的泛称。应当说,公司治理既包括公司治理结构,也包括公司治理机制。其核心是在法律、法规和惯例的框架下,保证以股东为主体的利害相关者利益为前提的一整套公司权利安排、责任分工和约束机制。目前,整个国际社会越来越关注公司治理问题。至2000年初,已有几十个国家和组织以不同形式制订了公司治理原则,并取得了良好的…     

慈善捐赠、公司治理与股东财富

近些年来,越来越多的企业开始从事慈善捐赠,而企业这种利他主义行为会给股东财富带来何种影响却始终没有得到回答。通过研究2008年汶川地震后中国上市公司的捐赠行为,本文发现慈善捐赠对于股东财富来说是一把双刃剑:不论从短期还是长期来看,累计超额回报率均和捐赠排名正相关,表明了慈善捐赠能够提升股东财富;而对于成长性高的公司而言,其捐款的机会成本较高,企业的捐赠活动降低了股东财富。更为重要的是,慈善捐赠对于股东财富的提升仅体现在大股东非绝对控股和机构持股的公司中,说明只有有效的公司治理机制才能够确保企业做出最大化股东财富的捐赠行为。本文的发现为更好地评价和规范企业慈善捐赠活动提供了一定的经验支持。     

企业生命周期、公司治理与公司资本配置效率

现有关于公司治理机制对公司非效率资本配置治理效果的检验大多局限于静态层面,本研究通过构建企业生命周期划分指标,从企业发展进程的动态层面考察我国上市公司资本配置效率的动态演变,并检验公司治理机制在企业不同生命周期中的治理效果.结果表明,我国上市公司过度投资随企业生命周期呈先降后升的趋势变化,且不同阶段差异显著,但投资不足在企业生命周期内几乎不发生变化.公司治理机制对公司资本配置效率的治理效果随企业生命周期发生演变.在过度投资组,董事长与总经理两职合一在成长阶段显著抑制过度投资;大股东持股在衰退阶段加剧过度投资.在投资不足组,管理层持股能够降低公司投资不足;成长阶段中董事长与总经理两职合一、成熟阶段中的独立董事反而加剧投资不足.     

控制权和现金流量权偏离下的公司价值和公司治理

本研究运用La Porta et al追踪公司"最终控制权"的方法,通过分析终极控制股东的控制权与现金流量权偏离对公司价值的影响程度,来衡量控制股东对于小股东财富剥夺的程度.实证研究发现我国上市公司的终极控制股东普遍运用投资公司控股、金字塔结构的方式获取控制权,并因此而使其控制权与现金流量权产生偏离,且偏离幅度越大,上市公司的市场价值就越小,终极控制股东对小股东剥削的程度就越大,其中又以终极控制股东为家族企业的上市公司最为严重.     

中小股东投票权、公司决策与公司治理——来自一项自然试验的证据

基于深交所的一个自然试验,本文考察中小股东参与公司治理程度的提升是否影响公司盈余行为,并尝试回答以下问题:中小股东参与在公司治理中扮演何种角色?对公司而言,中小股东参与扮演了外部监督角色?还是给管理层带来压力而扭曲了公司行为?研究发现,中小股东参与度高的公司更倾向操纵盈余。我们利用滞后变量回归、PSM以及IV回归控制内生性,结论不变;进一步,当企业存在融资或内部交易需求、信息不对称程度较高、投资者整体教育水平较低时,公司更有可能通过操纵盈余来迎合中小股东。本文研究结论具有明晰的政策含义,即在赋予中小投资者参与公司治理的权利的同时,必须提升投资者保护,否则可能会引致适得其反的效果。     

利益相关者压力、企业环境伦理与前瞻型环境战略

近年来环境污染问题严重,利益相关者对企业的环境行为提出了更高的要求。已有研究基于利益相关者理论分析了企业环境战略行为,但忽视了企业环境行为自我规范的作用以及管理者自身的道德动机、环境领导力等因素的影响。 基于利益相关者理论、自然资源基础观理论和领导力理论,探讨利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理和前瞻型环境战略的影响,建立一个从“被动”环境行为自我规范到“主动”实施环境战略的中介和调节模型。通过对环保压力较大的227家制造业企业的问卷调查,应用SPSS和Mplus统计分析软件以及多元回归分析方法,实证检验利益相关者通过企业环境伦理对前瞻型环境战略的作用机理。 研究结果表明,利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理和前瞻型环境战略都有显著的正向影响;企业环境伦理正向影响前瞻型环境战略,且在利益相关者压力与前瞻型环境战略间有显著的中介作用;管理者道德动机正向调节利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理的影响;环境领导力正向调节企业环境伦理对前瞻型环境战略的影响;竞争优势期望正向调节利益相关者压力对前瞻型环境战略的影响。 研究结论丰富了自然资源基础观理论和领导力理论,扩展了对企业环境伦理和企业环境战略的研究,从管理者道德动机、环境领导力和竞争优势期望的视角为企业实施环境战略提供一个全新的方案;激励企业管理者将环境问题视为企业获得竞争优势的机会而非威胁,积极应对来自利益相关者的环境压力,提高环境领导力;为企业有效实施环境战略、绿色发展和可持续发展提供理论参考和管理启示。