Women's Transitions in Retirement:

To facilitate insight into the choices and options each woman has for her retirement. the retirement olanner should guide each woman through a self ass~ssmenptr ocess. 'he first step invilves an examination of how she has cooed and made decisions during the other of life's transitions. This is 'followed by an assessment 07 the meaning work has for each individual: its social aspects, the slructure, and the issues of identity, prestige, and power. Continuing the process, the retirement planner helps women evaluate the changing relationships with friends and family. The married woman will assess her marriage in the framework of her need for privacy, independence and autonomy. Sample questions from self assessment scales are included.     

Ilocos region: BSPO paramedics: training in Abra pays off

The study entitled "the comprehensive Baragay Medical System in Arba: An Evaluation" analyzed the performance of trained paramedics and found that the effectiveness of barangay service point officers (BSPOs) as outreach workers depeded on: the knowledge and skills they acquired after traning, which helped them meet the medical needs of community residents; their acceptability to the community; and their positive attitude toward their job. The study indicated that adquate training for the job was crucial to the effective performance of outreach workers. The study compared the performance fo BSPO paramedics and BSPO nonparamedics in metting the health care and family planning needs of residents of the communities the served. BSPO paramedics fared much better as outreach workers in the tasks they were trained for -- rendering services in family planning and health care -- than BSPO nonparamedics wo were not given that kind of training. The study was conducted in the towns of Sallapadan, Pilar, and Danglas for BSPO paramedics and in Manabo, Villaviciosa, and La Paz for BSPO nonparamedics. Interviewed were a sample group of married adults in the areas, 15 BSPO paramedics, and 15 BSPO nonparamedics. The BSPO paramedics had undergone training in preventive medicine, environmental sanitation, and treatment of minor illnesses. The were taught advanced first aid techniques, over the cunter dispensing of medicines, and basic laboratory analysis. The nonparamedics were not trained in these functins. The residents preferred to approach BSPO paramedics for both family planning and medical servies, and more community members also derived the "highest degreee of satisfaction" from the paramedics' services. The BSPO paramedics also served more family planning clients and provided community residents more kinds of medical services. These included medical checkup, the distribution and sale of medicines, curing illnesses, and assisting in child delivery. In terms of job satisfaction, 13 out of every 15 BSPO paramedics interviewed indicated that they were "very satisfied" with their jobs, while only 6 of 15 nonparamedics gave the same rating. The survey findings suggest that the Arba Comprehensive Barangay Medical System can be a viable model for outreach workers in remote communities.     

Correction to: Inequality in Education and Wealth in Tanzania: A 25-Year Perspective

Social Indicators Research - The article Inequality in Education and Wealth in Tanzania: A 25-Year Perspective, written Emmanuel Maliti, was originally published electronically on the...     

Stillbirth in Australia 3: Addressing stillbirth inequities in Australia: Steps towards a better future

Persistent disparities in stillbirth risk and care are present in Australia. Eliminating these disparities is possible with a commitment to enhancing and scaling up models of culturally safe maternity care shown to be effective for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and those of migrant and refugee backgrounds. Campaigns to improve public awareness of stillbirth also play an important role in reducing stillbirth risk and consequences. To achieve reach and impact in communities at risk, messaging needs to be framed around the social and cultural context of women’s lives. Here we describe important initiatives underway within the Stillbirth Centre of Research Excellence to develop a coordinated national approach to stillbirth prevention and care in communities that bear a disproportionate burden of stillbirth.     

Stillbirth in Australia 4: Breaking the Silence: Amplifying Public Awareness of Stillbirth in Australia

Prevention of stillbirth remains one of the greatest challenges in modern maternity care. Despite this, public awareness is low and silence is common within families, the community and even healthcare professionals. Australian families and parent advocacy groups given a voice through the Senate Enquiry have made passionate and articulate calls for a national stillbirth awareness campaign. This fourth paper in the Stillbirth in Australia series outlines why stillbirth needs a national public awareness campaign; and provides an overview of good practice in the design, development and evaluation of public awareness campaigns. The cognitive and affective steps required to move from campaign awareness to action and eventually to stillbirth prevention are described. Using these best practice principles, learning from previous campaigns combined with close collaboration with aligned agencies and initiatives should assist a National Stillbirth Prevention Campaign to increase community awareness of stillbirth, help break the silence and contribute to stillbirth prevention across Australia.     

Women in the Sandwich Generation:

The demands made upon 66 middle aged women by their elderly parents and the mediating role of adult children continuing to live at home were examined. Contrary to expectations, adult children played a strong supportive function for the women. The demands made upon the women and the supports provided by the adult children are described. Implications for human services practice are examined.     

Nurse's Aides in Nursing Homes:

Nurse's aides, primarily women, provide the majority of care to residents, primarily older women, in nursing homes. This pilot study deals with an understudied area: characteristics and perceptions of nurse's aides. The data in this exploratory study are drawn from extensive semi-structured interviews with 27 randomly selected nurse's aides in three skilled care nursing homes in central Arkansas. The study provides a glimpse into facets of life, work, and caregiving from the aide's perspective. The data address what is most and least satisfying about the aides' work and how they rate themselves as caregivers. Clearly the aides' attitudes, expectations, and behaviors are connected to the well-being of the residents they serve.     

Cancer in Poland: general characteristics

The author reviews cancer patterns in Poland, with a focus on the incidence of new cancer cases, age and sex differences, and causes of death. The impact of urban or rural residence, life-style, and population aging is considered.     

Boeotian swine: homosexuality in Boeotia

This article shows that the accounts in our ancient sources regarding Boeotian attitudes towards homosexuality, namely that the Boeotians were different from other Greeks in that they enjoyed great freedom in this respect and seemingly everything was permissible to them, present a distorted picture of the homosexual practices in this region. In fact, vase paintings with homosexual iconography dating from the sixth century BC reveal marked similarities with Attic and Corinthian pottery ware of the same period. The view that the Boeotians conducted themselves in an 'uncivilized' manner in their homosexual relations is therefore better understood as an attempt by other Greeks to distinguish themselves from the 'boorish' Boeotians and to justify their own aversion to this form of erotic love.     

Long-term care in Spain: Difficulties in professionalizing services

The aim of this article is to analyze the difficulties in professionalizing the long-term care system in Spain. Since 2006, the new Spanish law has recognized care as a subjective right, and regulations are being designed to create a framework for its professionalization. Nowadays, family remains the most important group of providers who care for their elders, and women remain the main informal caregivers. Why do families resist using public long-term care services and professional carers included in the new law? The hypothesis highlights sociocultural factors as an obstacle to professionalization of long-term care services in addition to political and economic factors. The results show qualitative data about expectations, preferences, and discourses that women caregivers have in relation to their responsibility. The empirical material includes 25 interviews with different profiles of caregivers and six focus groups with family caregivers. The article suggests that the Spanish ideal of care is a problem for the professionalization of services because the family remains as the main provider of care—without specific skills, knowledge, and abilities.     

Missing millions: undercounting urbanization in India

Population and Environment - The measurement and characterization of urbanization crucially depends upon defining what counts as urban. The government of India estimates that only 31% of the...     

中国人口城市化水平与结构偏差

本文对中国目前的实际人口城市化水平进行估算.在不同方法估算结果的基础上进行国际比较,认为中国目前的实际人口城市化水平仅仅略微偏低正常值10%左右.但是,中国的城市化产业内部结构与世界同类国家相比,存在显著偏差.实证分析证明,从城市化角度看,城市化产业结构严重偏差是由于近20年来,中国侧重发展小城市,小城市比重上升使服务业发展缺乏必要的市场空间.城市规模结构不合理降低了城市效率,影响了城市功能的发挥.     

Narrating Instability: Political detouring in Jerusalem

Abstract

This paper contributes to the ethnography of guided tours in politically contested spaces by interrogating their use for political advocacy by Palestinian guides in the Old City of Jerusalem. It advances the guided tour genre as a potentially transformative encounter for tourists, while offering reflection on its possibilities and limitations for solidarity. Analyzing the narrative framework of the tour vis-à-vis the cityscape shows that guides strategically employ both discourse and movement to convince tourists of the injustice of the Israeli occupation through a practice called political detouring. It reveals how guides manipulate the tour genre’s dynamic nature by spontaneously altering its trajectories to expose the corresponding instability of Palestinian lives in Jerusalem.