They Are Richer But Are They Happier? Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Citizens Across the Reform Era

This study examined Chinese’s subjective well-being (SWB) in the past two decades. By capitalizing on the single time-series data available on SWB in China during the reform era (spanning for nearly two decades) and adopting a newly-developed cross-classified random effects model that can disentangle the confounding effects of age, period and birth cohorts, this analysis detects significant age and period effect. First, Chinese exhibits a curvilinear and concave relation between age and life satisfaction. Secondly, economic prosperity in the past decades did not translate into greater satisfaction with life among Chinese people. Significant period effect reveals a V-shape pattern of life satisfaction: the declining trend has continued throughout the 1990s and the beginning of the millennium. By 2007 (the most recently available), the life satisfaction of Chinese people has rebounded to some extent, albeit still considerably lower than in 1990. Subsequently, in search of explanations for this overall trend of plummeted subjective well-being among Chinese citizens over time, whether and how the rising inequality asserts its influence on SWB in China’s context are tested and discussed.     

How Did Subjective Well-Being Change in Hungary Due to the Economic Crisis?

The paper examines how the subjective interpretation of well-being changed as a result of the global economic crisis by comparing subjective assessment of poverty in 2007 and 2011. The paper focuses on Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County, Hungary. It uses the results of two datasets, collected with the methods of systematic data collection before and after the beginning of the economic crisis. The paper concludes that the global economic crisis did not modify the basic values of the adult population and therefore the basic nature of the interpretation of poverty (this latter was basically related to material values before and after the beginning of the economic crisis) and that the socialization hypothesis is true (values are not adjusted to socioeconomic environment in the short run). Some slight changes, however, can be found in the subjective interpretation of poverty as some material values (like demographic circumstances) became less important, while others (like financial conditions) became more significant from 2007 to 2011.     

Subjective Well-being and Partnership Dynamics: Are Same-Sex Relationships Different?

We analyze Dutch panel data to investigate whether partnership has a causal effect on subjective well-being. As in previous studies, we find that, on average, being in a partnership improves well-being. Well-being gains of marriage are larger than those of cohabitation. The well-being effects of partnership formation and disruption are symmetric. We also find that marriage improves well-being for both younger and older cohorts, whereas cohabitation benefits only the younger cohort. Our main contribution to the literature is on well-being effects of same-sex partnerships. We find that these effects are homogeneous to sexual orientation. Gender differences exist in the well-being effects of same-sex partnerships: females are happier cohabiting, whereas marriage has a stronger well-being effect on males.     

How does Inequality Hamper Subjective Well-being? The Role of Fairness

Social Indicators Research - In this study, we aim at clarifying the role of economic inequality on the subjective well-being of individuals. For this purpose, we use more than 180,000 individuals...     

Does Development Make You Happy? Subjective Wellbeing And Economic Growth In Developing Countries

The evidence for any relationship between GDP/capita growth and growth in subjective wellbeing (SWB) in wealthier countries is disputed, at best. However, there are a number of reasons commonly articulated for thinking the relationship should be stronger in less developed countries (LDCs). This paper looks at both reasons for expecting the relationship to be stronger in developing countries, and those for a weak link that might still apply in LDCs. Finally, it turns to a limited data set to see what that might tell us. The results suggest that, at least in middle-income countries, there is little strong evidence in favor of a connection between economic growth and SWB.     

Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2013 National Economic and Social Development

正February 24,2014General Outlook By the end of 2013,the total population in the mainland reached 1,360.72 million,an increase of6.68 million over that at the end of 2012.Of this total,urban permanent residents numbered 731.11million,accounting for 53.73 percent,or 1.16 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year.The year2013 saw 16.40 million births,a crude birth rate of 12.08     

Statistical Communique on National Economic and Social Development in 2003

Following are main excerpts of the Statistical Communique on National Economic and Social Development in 2003 released by the National Bureau of Statistics on February 26, 2004. -- Editor I. Summary The national economy grew fast. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the year was 11,669.4 billion yuan, up by 9.1 percent, or 1.1 percentage points higher over the previous year at comparable prices. The value-added of the primary industry was 1,724.7 billion yuan, up 2.5 percent, but the g…     

Do Immigrants Suffer More From Job Loss? Unemployment and Subjective Well-being in Germany

This study asks whether immigrants suffer more from unemployment than German natives. Differences between these groups in pre-unemployment characteristics, the type of the transition into unemployment, and the consequences of this transition suggest that factors intensifying the negative impact of unemployment on subjective well-being are more concentrated in immigrants than in natives. Based on longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (1990–2014; N = 34,767 persons aged 20 to 64; N = 210,930 person-years), we used fixed-effects models to trace within-person change in subjective well-being across the transition from employment into unemployment and over several years of continued unemployment. Results showed that immigrants’ average declines in subjective well-being exceeded those of natives. Further analyses revealed gender interactions. Among women, declines were smaller and similar among immigrants and natives. Among men, declines were larger and differed between immigrants and natives. Immigrant men showed the largest declines, amounting to one standard deviation of within-person change over time in subjective well-being. Normative, social, and economic factors did not explain these disproportionate declines. We discuss alternative explanations for why immigrant men are most vulnerable to the adverse effects of unemployment in Germany.     

Statistical Communique of the People＇s Republic of China on the 2013 National Economic and Social Development

General Outlook
By the end of 2013, the total population in the mainland reached 1,360.72 million, an increase of 6.68 million over that at the end of 2012. Of this total, urban permanent residents numbered 731.11million, accounting for 53.73 percent, or 1.16 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year. The year 2013 saw 16.40 million births, a crude birth rate of 12.08 per thousand, and 9.72 million deaths, or a crude death rate of 7.16 per thousand.     

Are there asymmetries in the effects of training on the conditional male wage distribution?

Recent studies have used quantile regression (QR) techniques to estimate the impact of education on the location, scale and shape of the conditional wage distribution. We conduct a similar investigation of the role of work-related training. We utilise both ordinary least squares and QR techniques to estimate associations between work-related training and wages for private sector men in ten European Union countries. For the majority of countries, the association between training and hourly wages varies little across the conditional wage distribution. However, there are considerable differences across countries in mean associations between training and wages.     

The Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2007 National Economic and Social Development

National Bureau ofStatistics ofChina Feb.28th,2008 Population,People's Living Standard and Social Security By the end of 2007,the total population of the nation was approximately1.3 billion(1,321,290,000),up by6·81 million     

Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development

National Bureau of Statistics of China February 22,2012 General Outlook In 2011,the gross domestic product(GDP) [2] of the year was 47,156.4 billion yuan,up by 9.2 percent over the previous year.Of this total,the value added of the primary industry was 4,771.2 billion yuan,up by 4.5 percent, that of the secondary industry was 22,059.2 billion yuan,up by 10.6 percent and the tertiary     

Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2012 National Economic and Social Development

February 22,2013 In 2012, faced with the complicated and severe international situation and arduous tasks of domestic reform, development and stability, under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council,the people of all nationalities of China, taking the scientific development as the theme and the transformation of economic development mode     

New Directions in the Development of Population Estimates in the United States?

The advent of a continuously updated Master Area File (MAF) following the 2000 census represents an information resource that can be tapped for purposes of developing timely, cost-effective, and precise population estimates for even the smallest of geographical units (e.g., census blocks). We argue that the MAF can be enhanced (EMAF) for these purposes. In support of our argument we describe a set of activities needed to develop EMAF, each of which is well within the current capabilities of the U.S. Census Bureau and discuss various costs and benefits of each. We also describe how EMAF would provide population estimates containing a wide range of demographic (e.g., age, race, and sex) and socio-economic characteristics (e.g., educational attainment, income, and employment). As such, it could largely negate and eliminate the need for many of the traditional demographic methods of population estimation and possibly reduce the number of sample surveys. We identify important challenges that must be surmounted in order to realize EMAF and make suggestions for doing so. We conclude by noting that the idea of the EMAF could be of interest to other countries with MAF files and strong administrative records systems that, like the United States, are facing the challenge of producing good population information in the face of increasing census costs.     

Population Challenge to Development of the West

Chinese women's fertility rate declined to belowthe replacement level in the early 1990s.However, a significant disparity in populationdevelopment exists between regions due to unevensocioeconomic development and different degrees towhich the family. planning program is implemented.China can be distinctly divided into three parts :eastern, central and western, based on different levelsof economic development, natural endowments,topographical conditions and access to transportation.Accordingly,…     

Erratum to: The Development Hypothesis of Women Empowerment in the Millennium Development Goals Tested in the Context of Women’s Access to Land in Africa

A number of empirical studies have shown a positive influence of employment stability on job satisfaction. Employment stability, usually measured by the type of contract an individual has, may affect one’s job satisfaction directly, as well as through its impact on other relative variables, such as job security, since a stable position seems to bring individuals a sense of security. The aim of our research is to investigate the relationships between job security, employment stability and job satisfaction of workers in Poland. In the study, we strive to show how these factors impact knowledge workers and other workers differently. In order to conduct analysis, we propose two logistic models, separate for these two groups, with job satisfaction as a dependent variable and type of contract and three items denoting different dimensions of job insecurity: an insecure source of income, too many duties to cope with and being treated unjustly at the workplace, as independent variables. The robustness of the models has been defended by the introduction of the time dimension. The results show that job insecurity is the most influential factor in the model of job satisfaction for all employees. However, this impact differs depending on the employment arrangements. Flexible workers are much more vulnerable to job insecurities in terms of job satisfaction. Another finding is that the job satisfaction of knowledge workers is more influenced by job security.     

Spatial Effect of Population –Economic Distribution Consistency in China

China＇s male marriage squeeze and its potential consequence have attracted much attention and given rise to debate, but most studies contribute this squeeze to sex structure and neglect the age structure, and some studies use flawed method to study the contribution of age structure in this squeeze. In this paper we develop an indicator of Spousal Sex Ratio （SSR） and apply a decomposition method into age and sex structure. Based on the data from China＇s 2010 census and projection, we predict that from 2010 to 2020, the age structure will be the dominant factor for China＇s male marriage squeeze, and from 2020 to 2034, the contribution of sex structure will be increasing, whereas that of age structure will be decreasing. From 2034 to 2045, China＇s male marriage squeeze will mainly from imbalanced sex structure, and the age structure will contribute little or negatively to China＇s male marriage squeeze.     

Database Development in the Field of Population and Development in China

1. Introduction Population databases contain information about people and the conditions surrounding them. This information can be obtained from population censuses, demographic surveys, or vital registrations. Since the 1950s, we have conducted five censuses and many sampling surveys on population in China. Millions of dollars have been spent to produce data, but these data cannot be shared. Though population data abound at present, it does not necessarily mean that information is being ful…