智行救助：让艾滋孤儿有尊严地活着

从2002年开始．杜聪走遍了中国内地60多个艾滋病高发的村庄。通过获得不同企业的赞助，他和他的机构在7年时间里资助了河南、安徽、广东、山东4个省中7个县近60个村的8000名孤儿。     

镜头里的艾滋童年

第一次走进赵骏的家，曲江涛突然喘不上气来。他觉得，空气中弥漫着的．是一种“死亡的味道”。 瘦瘦小小的赵骏，光着上身，挺着皮球一样胀鼓的肚子，面无表情地坐在板凳上。全身上下无数鲜红的疙瘩溃烂流脓。环顾四周，除了一张木板床，整间屋子空空荡荡。几个干裂的馒头躺在笸箩里，上面爬满了苍蝇。     

镜头里的艾滋童年

第一次走进赵骏的家，曲江涛突然喘不上气来。他觉得，空气中弥漫着的，是一种“死亡的味道”。 瘦瘦小小的赵骏，光着上身，挺着皮球一样胀鼓的肚子，面无表情地坐在板凳上。全身上下无数鲜红的疙瘩溃烂流脓。环顾四周，除了一张木板床，整间屋子空空荡荡。几个干裂的馒头躺在笸箩里，上面爬满了苍蝇。     

《雾都孤儿》中奥利弗孤儿形象的批评分析

《雾都孤儿》是一部典型的批判主义小说,对世界文学产生了深刻影响。然而至今尚未有学者从批评话语分析的视角探究小说中人物角色的话语建构及其背后隐藏的意识形态。小说中奥利弗孤儿形象的塑造主要体现在及物性、词汇分类和情态的使用上,运用批评话语分析方法揭示当时作品写作背景时期英国社会资本家的腐败和社会底层人民,特别是孤儿的艰苦生活,呼吁构建公正和谐的社会,追求人性的真善美。     

孤儿家庭教育的内容

家庭教育是在家庭生活中由家长（其中首先是父母）对子女所实施的教育,也包含生活中家庭成员（包括父母和子女等）之间相互的影响和教育。家庭教育是社会大教育的组成部分之一,是学校教育与社会教育的基础。家庭教育是终身教育,孩子上了小学、中学后,家庭教育既是学校教育的基础,也是学校教育的补充和延伸。孤儿学校因其特殊性,承担着孤儿家庭教育的重任。本文详细探讨了孤儿家庭教育的内容。     

孤儿学校德育构建的新模式

孤儿群体由于自身成长环境的局限性,在德育培养方面难免会遇到比正常社会环境成长的同龄群体更多的困惑和问题。所以,我们特教工作者必须充分履行帮助学生德育培养的责任,进而帮助学生成功地社会化。     

浅谈孤儿学校辅导教师的重要性

在孤儿学校里,辅导教师的作用非常重要。他们如父母一样,承担孩子家庭教育的作用,在照顾孩子饮食起居的同时,塑造孩子的心灵。本文详细解读了孤儿学校辅导教师的重要性。     

让孤儿学生在自主管理中成长

作为一名孤儿教师,我已经在这块特教事业的土地上耕耘了三年。面对这群自尊心强、敏感、个性鲜明的孤儿学生,我们作为孩子们的老师和母亲,每天都在为他们的健康成长、快乐生活而努力工作着。在吉林省孤儿学校这所特殊的教育单位,孤儿学生的自主管理不仅体现在让学生在综合素质上能够得到全面发展,重点在于师生能够创造一个和谐家园氛围,使学生安心学习、乐观生活。     

青少年孤儿心理健康帮扶体系的研究——以吉林省孤儿学校为例

青少年孤儿是社会上的弱势群体之一,需要更多的人来关心和爱护。本文从对我校青少年孤儿基本情况及普遍的心理问题进行调查、分析入手,建立健全我校青少年孤儿心理健康帮扶体系,有针对性的提出行之有效的措施和办法。拟通过在制度建设,开展心理咨询工作,开展丰富多彩的课余活动,校园文化建设,建立教师与孤儿的谈心制度等方面形成帮扶体系,为孤儿营造健康、快乐、平等、和谐的成长环境。     

浅谈如何对孤儿学生进行感恩教育

坐落在吉林省长春净月经济开发区的吉林省孤儿学校是一所集养教为一体的特殊教育单位。这所学校收养了近千名的来自吉林省的孤儿,他们的年龄段在小学一年级到高中三年级,生活来源主要来自政府拨款。许多的爱心人士对孤儿学生捐款捐物,以表达对孤儿学生的关爱。正是在这样的生活环境下,孤儿学生应有比普通家庭出身的学生更有感恩之心,以回报社会。但是部分孤儿学生却对他人的帮助无动于衷,他们的感恩思想越来越被现实淡化。因此,对孤儿学生加强感恩教育势在必行。     

农村孤儿的脆弱性分析与政策建议

农村孤儿在亲属网络养护模式下面临着诸多风险：养护结构不稳定,负担能力弱;社会变迁带来巨大冲击与挑战：心理创伤容易造成生活适应的困扰;发展性需求难以得到有效满足。研究发现,农村孤儿脆弱性的决定因子包括：家庭的抚养能力、亲属网络规模与资源、社会援助、同辈支持、自立人格与积极思维、国家福利等。农村孤儿的不利处境及其脆弱性揭示出国家在农村孤儿福利方面需要发挥更多的作用。并为抚养家庭提供更多的支持,以应对经济社会变迁对传统养育模式带来的冲击。     

Cross Cultural Programming for AIDS Orphans: What We are Learning from Other Contexts

The problem of AIDS orphans in Zambia has reached alarming proportions because of the extent of poverty and poor social and economic policies. Worldwide, 15 million children have been orphaned due to AIDS, with 11.6 million orphans in sub-Saharan Africa alone (UNICEF, The State of the World’s Children 2009: maternal and newborn health, UNICEF, New York, 2008), and 670,000 children under the age of 17 in Zambia (UNAIDS, UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic, UNAIDS, Geneva, 2010). Resulting from this situation are child headed households (CHHs) who face hunger, poor health, sanitation and water problems. Despite the challenges, there seems to be an absence of political will to support CHHs. To assess if Africans living in Richmond Virginia in the United States might offer something programmatically useful for CHHs in Zambia, important elements in the Richmond Independent Living services model were identified. Specific elements were screened using Africans as a cultural screen. Important implications for programming and practice suggest that feasibility, content and quality are key areas for appropriate CHHs programming. In this article, the terms orphans, vulnerable children, and young people are used interchangeably.     

Family Dysfunctional Patterns During Divorce -

This article reports the results of a case-study research project on 22 nonclinical children of parental divorce (ages 22 months to 18 years) from 16 families in West Germany. This project revealed the family dysfunctional patterns during divorce from the view of the children.     

Family Structure and Patterns and Psychological Adjustment to Immigration in Israel

Abstract

The research examines the relationship of family structure (couple-based or single-parent, with or without a grandparent) and family patterns (role division, decision making, and quality of marriage) with the psychological adjustment (satisfaction, and emotional state) of immigrants. The sample included 236 new immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia who came to Israel between 1990 and 2001. The findings indicate that the couple-based structure adapts better than the other family structures. The single-parent structure had a very low rate of adjustment. Presence of a grandparent was found to contribute to the adjustment of the single-parent family, but hinder the adjustment of couple-based families. The discussion addresses family resilience among immigrants and highlights the special difficulties of the single- parent family.     

The School-Based Family: Teachers as Parental Figures for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Ugandan Schools

The purpose of this study was to examine the possible formation of surrogate families within Ugandan schools, especially among orphans who lack positive development opportunities typically provided by parents. This qualitative study sample of 66 Ugandan secondary school students were selected from eight schools in the Mukono district of Uganda. Findings suggest a potentially widespread family formation pattern between students and their teachers. More than 75% of students interviewed self-identified their teacher as family. Some teachers were able to offer orphans and vulnerable children positive developmental assets and were, therefore, identified as family.     

Varied Patterns of Family Resilience in Challenging Contexts

While we know much about patterns of family resilience, most of our research and clinical discussion has focused on microsystemic, intrafamilial protective processes. We have far fewer maps of the bidirectional interactions between families and other systems that contribute to successful family adaptation in challenging contexts. The purpose of this article is to address this gap in knowledge and present a map of family resilience that is both systemic and contextually and culturally responsive. Seven specific patterns of family resilience are reviewed. Combined, they account for the varied adaptational patterns families use to nurture and sustain resilience. The article concludes with reflection on how we can assess family resilience and the application of this map to family therapy. Video Abstract     

Family Communication Patterns and Communicative Responses to Jealousy: The Mediating Role of Alexithymia

Using family communication patterns theory, the current study proposed a mediating structural model between family communication patterns, alexithymia, and communicative responses to jealousy. Using a college student sample, the results largely supported the predicted model in terms of both direct and indirect effects. Specifically, both family communication patterns were significantly related to alexithymia, while alexithymia was significantly related to the latent constructs of destructive, avoidant, and rival focused responses to jealousy. Indirect effects were also found between both family communication patterns and all four latent constructs of communicative responses to jealousy. Finally, the family communication patterns also interacted to predict alexithymia. Several conclusions and directions for future research are discussed.     

The Effect of Family Communication Patterns on Adopted Adolescent Adjustment

Adoption and family communication both affect adolescent adjustment. We proposed that adoption status and family communication interact such that adopted adolescents in families with certain communication patterns are at greater risk for adjustment problems. We tested this hypothesis using a community‐based sample of 384 adoptive and 208 nonadoptive families. Adolescents in these families were, on average, 16 years of age. The results supported our hypothesis. Adopted adolescents were at significantly greater risk for adjustment problems compared to nonadopted adolescents in families that emphasized conformity orientation without conversation orientation and in families that emphasized neither conformity nor conversation orientation. Adolescents in families emphasizing conversation orientation were at lower risk for adjustment problems, regardless of adoption status.     

Career Patterns and Family Status of Women and Men Artists

These observations are often made about women's career outcomes: (a) women, as compared to men, do not experience career outcomes that are consistent with their training and abilities, and (b) interruptions in women's careers are linked to marriage and children. The current study examined whether these patterns applied to women in art who may have more flexible paid work schedules. Women (N = 109), who trained in art, were compared to their male classmates (N = 99) 18 years after art school. Career patterns, midlife occupations, marital status, and number of children were examined. No gender differences were noted in midlife occupations, however, women experienced significantly more career discontinuity than men, and women with discontinuous careers had significantly more children than women in continuous patterns.