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1.
Joseph W. Schneider 《The American Sociologist》1990,21(1):88-95
This narrative traces the life and fate of a paper submitted to the journalSocial Problems and ultimately rejected, with the author claiming that the review was “unfair.” It is an editor’s story and seeks to specify
various “ethical” dilemmas that help to define such work.
He currently is completing a three-year team as editor ofSocial Problems. 相似文献
2.
Richard H. Hall 《The American Sociologist》1990,21(4):324-326
The Collins report on “Future Organizational Trends of the ASA” neglects three important areas: the distribution of participation
and membership of sociologist in the ASA; the role of regional societies; and the politics of the ASA. This comment addresses
the former two points, leaving the third for the author to develop during his future tenure as Editor of TAS.
He is the Editor-elect ofThe American Sociologist, as of December 1990. 相似文献
3.
This study examines the extent of advocacy in the research articles appearing in the journalSocial Problems from 1953–1992. The Society for the Study of Social Problems (SSSP) was founded in order to counter the mainstream scientism
of the American Sociological Society. Becker’s presidential address to the SSSP in 1966 confronted the issue of advocacy and
the consequences associated with research that does not explicitly “take sides.” The present study investigates advocacy inSocial Problems by means of a typology drawn from Becker’s address. The findings indicate that political advocacy has increased sharply over
the duration ofSocial Problems. Implications of the findings are discussed in the context of value-neutrality and its relation to social problems research. 相似文献
4.
In his Presidential Address to the European Economic Association, Tony Atkinson introduced the idea of a “charitable conservatism”
position in public policy, which “exhibits a degree of concern for the poor, but this is the limit of the redistributional
concern and there is indifference with respect to transfers above the poverty line.” This contrasts with the perspective of
poverty indices, which give zero weight to those above the poverty line, which we call “poverty radicalism,” and with standard
“inequality aversion” where the weights decline smoothly as we move up the income scale. The object of this paper is, first,
to clarify the interrelationships between charitable conservatism, poverty radicalism and inequality aversion. We do this
by showing how the patterns of welfare weights to which each of these gives rise are related to each other. Secondly, we are
concerned to demonstrate the implications of these different views for optimal income taxation. In terms of levels and patterns
of marginal tax rates, we show that charitable conservatism and poverty radicalism are on a continuum, and by choice of low
or high inequality aversion one can approximate either outcome fairly well. 相似文献
5.
Neil McLaughlin 《The American Sociologist》2004,35(1):80-101
In response to the recent The American Sociologist special issue on Canadian sociology, this rejoinder dialogues with some of the perspectives offered there on the discipline
north of the border with an eye towards lessons that American sociologists might learn from the Canadian experience. My reflections
build on a larger analytic piece entitled “Canada’s Impossible Science: The Historical and Institutional Origins of the Coming
Crisis of Anglo-Canadian Sociology” to be published soon in The Canadian Journal Sociology. Particular attention is paid to the different institutional arrangements of higher education in Canada and the United States,
Anglo-Canadian reliance on the particularly English “weakness as strength” strategy for sociology, tensions between the cultural
values of populism, egalitarianism, and excellence, and the trade-offs between professional and public intellectual work.
A critique is offered of the “origin myth” of Canadian sociology as a particularly vibrant “critical sociology,” with discussion
of Dorothy Smith's influence on sociology in Canada.
His research interests are in sociological theory, the sociology of culture, and the study of intellectuals from the perspective
of the sociology of organisations and professions. He is studying Edward Said as a “global public intellectual” as part of
a Canadian government-funded interdisciplinary grant on “Globalization and Autonomy” at McMaster University. He is also working
“Canadian professors as public intellectuals,” a project also funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council
of Canada. 相似文献
6.
Westermeyer J Canive J Thuras P Thompson J Kim SW Crosby RD Garrard J 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):193-205
Goal This analysis was undertaken to assess the demographic and mental health characteristics of “normal” or non-problem gamblers
versus non-gamblers in a representative community sample. Sample Study participants consisted of 557 North Central American Indian veterans. Data collection included a demographic and trauma questionnaire, a computer-based Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-III-R, and a treatment
history algorithm. Findings Univariate analyses revealed that gamblers had greater social competence (i.e., higher education, living with a spouse) and
higher lifetime psychiatric morbidity. Binary regression analysis revealed that, compared to non-gamblers, gamblers were older,
more highly educated, and more apt to be married. More gamblers showed evidence for lifetime risk-taking as evidenced by Antisocial
Personality Disorder and Tobacco Dependence. Conclusions Social achievement and disposable income function as prerequisites for “normal” gambling in this population, although “externalizing”
or “risk-taking” disorders also serve as independent contributors to at least some gambling. The increased rate of “internalizing”
or emotional disorders are only indirectly related to gambling, perhaps through increasing age or through the “externalizing”
disorders. 相似文献
7.
Alec Campbell 《Theory and Society》2010,39(1):1-24
The American Legion was one of the most politically consequential organizations in the twentieth-century United States. It
was a local bedrock of anti-communism in two post-war red scares and throughout the cold war. It also built a lavish and cross-nationally
unique welfare state for American veterans. In this article, I examine the origins of the American Legion and demonstrate
that it was organized by rentier capitalists acting in their intraclass and interclass interests. Most importantly, the Legion was an organization that fought
the “battle over class” by denying the importance of class as a social concept and proposing “Americanism” as an alternative.
I also argue that the Legion’s extreme anti-communism combined with its dedication to welfare provision for American veterans
altered the course of American welfare state development. 相似文献
8.
The majoritarian compromise is majoritarian-optimal and subgame-perfect implementable 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
It is shown that the Majoritarian Compromise of Sertel (1986) is subgame-perfect implementable on the domain of strict preference profiles, although it fails to be Maskin-monotonic and is hence not implementable in Nash
equilibrium. The Majoritarian Compromise is Pareto-optimal and obeys SNIP (strong no imposition power), i.e. never chooses a strict majority's worst candidate. In fact, it is “majoritarian approving”
i.e. it always picks “what's good for a majority” (alternatives which some majority regards as among the better “effective”
half of the available alternatives). Thus, being Pareto-optimal and majoritarian approving, it is majoritarian-optimal. Finally, the Majoritarian Compromise is measured against various criteria, such as consistency and Condorcet-consistency.
Received: 31 January 1995/Accepted: 22 July 1998 相似文献
9.
Jan C. Schmidt 《Poiesis & praxis》2011,7(4):249-274
Among others, the term “problem” plays a major role in the various attempts to characterize interdisciplinarity or transdisciplinarity,
as used synonymously in this paper. Interdisciplinarity (ID) is regarded as “problem solving among science, technology and
society” and as “problem orientation beyond disciplinary constraints” (cf. Frodeman et al.: The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010). The point of departure of this paper is that the discourse and practice of ID have problems with the “problem”. The objective
here is to shed some light on the vague notion of “problem” in order to advocate a specific type of interdisciplinarity: problem-oriented interdisciplinarity. The outline is as follows: Taking an ex negativo approach, I will show what problem-oriented ID does not mean. Using references to well-established distinctions in philosophy of science, I will show three other types of ID that
should not be placed under the umbrella term “problem-oriented ID”: object-oriented ID (“ontology”), theory-oriented ID (epistemology),
and method-oriented ID (methodology). Different philosophical thought traditions can be related to these distinguishable meanings.
I will then clarify the notion of “problem” by looking at three systematic elements: an undesired (initial) state, a desired
(goal) state, and the barriers in getting from the one to the other. These three elements include three related kinds of knowledge:
systems, target, and transformation knowledge. This paper elaborates further methodological and epistemological elements of
problem-oriented ID. It concludes by stressing that problem-oriented ID is the most needed as well as the most challenging
type of ID. 相似文献
10.
Troy Duster 《The American Sociologist》1987,18(1):83-86
The Berkeley Department of Sociology has a distinctive training program that encourages the student to pursue an independent
course of inquiry. While clearly still within the U.S. orbit, when arrayed along a continuum, the program leans more toward
the European than the American tradition of postgraduate education. The Berkeley doctoral student substantially creates his
or her own mix and is also most likely the principal architect of the research design and the sole collector of primary data
for the dissertation. This article briefly explains the history and describes the current program.
Troy Duster is professor and chair of the Department of Sociology and director of the Institute for the Study of Social Change
at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of “American Dilemmas and Black Responses: Purpose and Bias,”
which appears in the January–February 1987 issue ofSociety. 相似文献
11.
Keith Doubt 《The American Sociologist》1989,20(3):252-262
A short story titled “‘Color Trouble’” by Harold Garfinkel was published inOpportunity in 1940,The Best Short Stories 1941, andPrimer for White Folks in 1945. Garfinkel wrote this short story before World War II while a research fellow at the University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill under Howard W. Odum, the founder ofSocial Forces “‘Color Trouble’” narrates poignantly the racial victimization of a young black woman traveling on a public bus through the
State of Virginia. The short story provides sociologists with a different medium through which to examine the seminal interests
of ethnomethodology’s founder. In a literary form, the short story depicts such ethnomethodological concepts as the breaching
experiment, the “et cetera clause,” “ad hocing,” and the status degradation ceremony. Garfinkel’s “‘Color Trouble’” also suggests
the way in which ethnomethodology overlaps with, as well as diverges from, Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective.
He received his doctoral degree from the graduate program in sociology at York University, Toronto, Ontario. His article “Autonomy
and Responsibility in Social Theory” will appear inCurrent Perspectives in Social Theory, Volume 10. 相似文献
12.
Sarah Stohlman 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(1):61-80
This paper explores the multiple expressions of Central American immigrant Pentecostalism in the Pico Union district of Los
Angeles. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in three temples and informal conversations with over 30 active Pentecostals,
this paper shows that Central American immigrant Pentecostals tend to congregate on the basis of “congregational homophily,”
or shared social and cultural characteristics, especially in terms of age, marital status, presence of infirmities or ailments,
and national/regional origin. This paper also explores the ways in which Central American immigrant Pentecostals tailor their
religious practices to reflect their “congregational homophily” through the differential inclusion/exclusion of practices
such as healing, “roommating,” and formal and informal discussions of shared histories. By focusing on “congregational homophily”
and the active constructions and reconstructions of Central American immigrant Pentecostalism, we gain more insight into the
ways some Central American immigrants negotiate their lives and experiences in the increasingly fettered social, cultural,
and political topography of contemporary Los Angeles.
相似文献
Sarah StohlmanEmail: |
13.
Suzanne Staggenborg 《The American Sociologist》1988,19(3):260-269
This article reconsiders the arguments of Roth (1966) concerning “hired band research.” Problems associated with different
types of employees, research tasks, and research organizations are distinguished. It is argued that researchers who hire assistants
can minimize the hired hand mentality by: 1) hiring persons who are able to stay on the job long enough to develop commitment
to the project; 2) involving both hired hand workers and researchers in the research process to the fullest extent possible;
3) designing a flexible research project; 4) justifying theoretically each variable, interview question, observation, etc.;
5) collecting qualitative as well as quantitative data; and 6) remaining highly involved in the research project.
Her recent writings include “The Consequences of Professionalization and Formalization in the Pro-Choice Movement” (American Sociological Review 1988) and “Organizational and Environmental Influences on the Development of the Pro-Choice Movement” (Social Forces, forthcoming). 相似文献
14.
Mustafa Emirbayer 《Sociological Forum》1996,11(2):263-284
Emile Durkheim has long been viewed as one of the founders of the so-called variables-oriented approach to sociological investigation.
This view ignores his considerable achievements using the methodology of “case-based” historical analysis, most prominent
among them, his lectures on the history of French education (The Evolution of Educational Thought).In this paper I first outline the intimate relationship that Durkheim envisioned between historical and sociological investigation.
I then turn to his work on French education for substantive illustrations of his approach. Finally, I explore certain points
of intersection between Durkheim's approach to history and present-day concerns, especially in regard to the role of culture
in history and the opposition between prospective and retrospective (“teleological”) strategies of historical analysis. 相似文献
15.
Norman Schofield 《Social Choice and Welfare》1999,16(3):445-470
This paper defines a fine C
1-topology for smooth preferences on a “policy space”, W, and shows that the set of convex preference profiles contains open sets in this topology.
It follows that if the dimension(W)≤v(?)−2 (where v(?) is the Nakamura number of the voting rule, ?), then the core of ? cannot be generically empty. For higher dimensions,
an “extension” of the voting core, called the heart of ?, is proposed. The heart is a generalization of the “uncovered set”.
It is shown to be non-empty and closed in general. On the C
1-space of convex preference profiles, the heart is Paretian. Moreover, the heart correspondence is lower hemi-continuous and
admits a continuous selection. Thus the heart converges to the core when the latter exists. Using this, an aggregator, compatible
with ?, can be defined and shown to be continuous on the C
1-space of smooth convex preference profiles.
Received: 3 April 1995/Accepted: 8 April 1998 相似文献
16.
Greta R. Krippner 《Theory and Society》2007,36(6):477-513
This article explores the implications of the Federal Reserve’s shift to transparency for recent debates about neoliberalism
and neoliberal policymaking. I argue that the evolution of US monetary policy represents a specific instance of what I term
the “neoliberal dilemma.” In the context of generally deteriorating economic conditions, policymakers are anxious to escape
responsibility for economic outcomes, and yet markets require regulation to function in capitalist economies (Polanyi 2001). How policymakers negotiate these contradictory imperatives involves a continual process of institutional innovation in
which functions are transferred to markets, but under the close control of the state. Thus, under transparency, Federal Reserve officials discovered
innovations in the policy process that enabled “markets to do the Fed’s work for it.” These innovations enlisted market mechanisms,
but did not represent a retreat from the state’s active role in managing the economy.
Greta Krippner is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Michigan. She is currently completing a book on the financialization of the American economy in the post-1970s period entitled The Fictitious Economy: The State, Financialization, and the Remaking of American Capitalism. New research examines the relationship between financialization and changing patterns of social conflict in US society from the late nineteenth century to the present. 相似文献
Greta R. KrippnerEmail: |
Greta Krippner is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Michigan. She is currently completing a book on the financialization of the American economy in the post-1970s period entitled The Fictitious Economy: The State, Financialization, and the Remaking of American Capitalism. New research examines the relationship between financialization and changing patterns of social conflict in US society from the late nineteenth century to the present. 相似文献
17.
David R. Heise 《The American Sociologist》1988,19(1):86-91
Computer software can manage intricate operations and complex data in order to make sociological ideas and methods concrete,
animated, and relevant event to novices. This note describes how an approach called “ensemble instruction” makes use of such
software in classrooms with personal computers for each student and a central projection system.
A former editor ofSociological Methodology and ofSociological Methods & Research His current work focuses on the analysis of social interaction within the framework of affect control theory. Additionally
he is developing methods for studying the logical structure of events in interaction sequences. 相似文献
18.
Samuel Estreicher 《Journal of Labor Research》2004,25(2):191-197
19.
According to a 2002 study by the U.S. Department of Education, the percentage of “traditional students” on college campuses
is declining. Students increasingly are delaying enrollment, attending college part time, working full time, financially independent,
and single parents. In this paper, we explore the extent to which sociologists are adapting their teaching to address these
shifting demographics. Based on a content analysis of articles published over a 20 year period in Teaching Sociology that suggest strategies for teaching social class inequality we find that most authors assume that their students are “traditional.”
Most often this means that students are assumed to come from a privileged, middle class background, lack direct and substantial
experience in the labor market, and enter college shortly after graduating high school. Accordingly, most articles advocate
classroom strategies of “looking down,” whereby students pretend to be in the shoes of those less fortunate. Examples include
creating household budgets based on poverty wages, playing board games, or assuming the role of the poor for a day. These
strategies run the risk of being ineffective, alienating, and potentially ethically suspect when used with non-traditional
students, whose real life experiences may resemble these simulations. We conclude with recommendations for pedagogical approaches
to teaching social class inequality that are more appropriate for, and inclusive of, students from diverse backgrounds. Our
goal in this paper is to start a discussion about pedagogy, social inequality, and the non-traditional student. 相似文献
20.
On multidimensional indices of poverty 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Martin Ravallion 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2011,9(2):235-248
The contribution of recent “multidimensional indices of poverty” may not be as obvious as one thinks. There are two issues
in assessing that contribution: whether one believes that a single index can ever be a sufficient statistic of poverty, and
whether one aggregates in the space of “attainments,” using prices when appropriate, or “deprivations,” using weights set
by the analyst. The paper argues that we should aim for a credible set of multiple indices rather than a single multidimensional
index. Partial aggregation will still be necessary, but ideally the weights should be consistent with well-informed choices
by poor people. 相似文献