阿拉伯大学者、伊斯兰大长老伊本·阿拉比

伊本·阿拉比是伊斯兰教历史上一位非常著名的学者,苏非派长老。他一生著作丰富,有《麦加的启示》、《智慧珍宝》等,是伊斯兰教的思想宝库。他的影响已超出了阿拉伯民族和伊斯兰教的范围,成为中世纪伟大思想家之一。     

藏族传统绘画流派门当派创始人门拉顿珠研究综述

门拉顿珠是 15世纪著名的藏族艺术家、美术理论家和教育家。他创立了名冠画坛的门当画派 ,他的造像学名著《如来造像度量论·如意宝珠》为众多丹青妙手所称道、推崇。本文在查阅大量藏、汉、英文文献资料的基础上 ,对中外学者关于他的生平、艺术活动、学术成就、美学思想等方面的研究进行了初步的耙梳、整理和评介。并且 ,根据文献、口碑资料和实地调查 ,对门拉顿珠的生卒时间、出生地点、艺术活动、著作成书、刻版印刷地点、与门当派的形成密切相关的绘画作品“丝唐甲栽钦布”和绘画流派“丹路”的认定 ,以及元、明中原工笔青绿山水绢帛画对门当派的影响等方面提出了自己的看法。     

红军长征与藏区现代宗教、土地等法规的诞生

70年前,中国工农红军三大主力长征,转战川、康、青、甘、滇五省藏族聚居区达1年以上,卓有成效地实践了民族平等团结、宗教信仰自由、尊重语言文字和风俗习惯、团结上层人士等政策。特别是在藏区首次颁发了一批有着现代特征的关于宗教、土地等方面的法律法规,这在藏族历史上乃至中国当代民族史上都具有重大意义。     

胡忠、谢晓君夫妇：雪域支教12年

在去藏区支教前,胡忠、谢晓君夫妇都是成都中学的老师。2000年,胡忠在晚报上看到了一篇关于甘孜州康定县塔公乡一所孤儿学校急需老师的报道,动了支教的念头。他带着妻子到当地考察后,为当地的艰苦状况所震惊。胡忠下定了支教的决心,妻子也支持他的决定。这时候,他们的女儿刚刚出生不久。孤儿学校地处海拔3800米的康定县塔公乡,是一所福利性质的民办公助寄宿制学校。这里是甘孜州13个县的汉、藏、彝、羌四个民族143名孤儿的校园,也是他们完全意义上的家。胡忠以志愿者身份来到塔公乡,300多元生活补助是他每月的报酬。     

扎巴恩协与扎塘寺

扎巴恩协作为 1 1世纪的一位高僧 ,历经 1 1世纪卫藏佛教复兴 ( 1 0 50年以前 )的过程。这是当时的大环境 ,而对于扎巴恩协本人而言 ,他独特的密宗修行生活不仅使得他在获得大成就的同时变得极为富有 ,他也因此更具有一些神秘浪漫的色彩。他的一生是 1 1世纪这一特定的时代与卫藏这一特定地区五彩斑澜的宗教文化发展面貌的一种写照。扎巴恩协创建的扎塘寺与他的经历一样丰富多彩。这座千年古刹在历史上几乎与卫藏所有重要教派———鲁梅派、噶当派、萨迦派都有过关系。本文试图理出扎巴恩协与其家学的密宗传统、与鲁梅派的传承、与印度息结派的传教等多种事物之间的关系 ,以期寻找出扎巴恩协一生宗教发展的轨迹     

梦想成真——记省劳动模范、农民企业家邓意民

儿时掉进金窝的梦想一直感召着他,务农、卖豆腐、烧石灰、开驾拉机都没有改变他的追求……他在人生的道路上不断探寻着属于自己的那一座“金窝”。邓意民上世纪五十年代中期出生在湘西州花垣县团结镇太丰村一个贫苦农民家庭,辛酸的童年留给他的是太多的艰辛和不幸,但他记忆深处     

周恩来与新中国的民族政策

周恩来在如何处理新中国民族问题上提出了许多真知灼见,并在建国后亲自领导了民族工作。他和毛泽东等第一代领导人一起确立了各民族一律平等的根本原则。他坚决维护国家的统一和各民族的团结,是我国民族区域自治制度的主要奠基者之一。周恩来不但从理论上阐明了新中国的民族区域自治政策,而且对我国五大自治区的成立都予以了特别关怀和具体指导。他倡导各民族合作互助、共同繁荣,高度重视发展少数民族的经济、文化、教育、科技、卫生事业。其关于民族问题的杰出思想,至今对搞好我国的民族工作仍具有重要的指导意义。     

那些往事 那些歌——谨以此文纪念电影音乐大师雷振邦、编剧季康、导演王家乙

1955年4月,雷振邦进入长春电影制片厂工作。1959年初,文艺界掀起向建国10周年献礼的热潮。周恩来总理十分关注这些为国庆而赶制的作品,对送上的主要作品都要亲自过目。当他看了《钢铁世家》、《万紫千红总是春》等影片后,对当时电影中存在的政治口号太多、缺少电影     

桑顶·多杰帕姆活佛本生传记、历代转世及桑顶寺简史

文章对藏传佛教最大女活佛桑顶·多杰帕姆的本生故事 ,历代女活佛的生平和主要业绩 ,桑顶寺的建造过程 ,历史上收藏于该寺的所依、能依 ,目前寺内仅存历史文物 ,以及寺院周边的自然环境和人文景观等作了较详细的介绍。文中所涉及的内容不但突显桑顶·多杰帕姆这一西藏唯一具备女活佛传承体系的宗教地位 ,同时展现桑顶寺在西藏历史上曾扮演过的重要角色     

七世达赖喇嘛的确认、册封、坐床

七世达赖喇嘛噶桑嘉措是藏族历史上继五世达赖喇嘛阿旺洛桑嘉措之后的又一位特殊而重要的领袖人物。他是在清初统一大业之总趋势下,随蒙藏地区一定历史阶段的变化发展而登上历史舞台的。他的确认、册封、及入藏坐床等一系列活动是与当时特殊的历史背景相联系的,并成为藏族历史上基至是我国民族关系史上的重大事件之一。这一历史事件,不仅成为清朝中央对藏族地区(特别是西藏)有力施政的重要转折,而且,由此使达赖喇嘛与皇帝即西藏地方政府与清中央王朝之间的良好关系得到进一步巩固和     

林惠祥对南洋马来人的研究

早在20世纪30—40年代,林惠祥教授对南洋马来人就进行了实地考察,并发表了有关马来人研究的系列论著,他的研究成果是我国世界民族实地研究的开拓性著作。他提出的对马来人的定义与分类、马来人的来源与族际关系、马来人与中国大陆东南土著同源、中国东南地区是原马来人的发源地等观点,在国内外学术界产生了深远的影响。他关于福建和马来西亚考古学的论著,为马来人与中国东南古越族同源关系提供了可靠的实物证据。     

浅谈更敦群培的翻译思想

更敦群培对翻译问题作出了一系列精湛论述,这些译论对藏族翻译界,乃至我国翻译界都产生了极其深远的影响.他的翻译思想主要表现在内篇和外篇两个层面上.内篇的译论包括翻译的标准、思维方式、方法及风格等;外篇的译论包括翻译的目的、功能,翻译批评的原则等.     

为文不惟怜风月 一枝一叶总关情——浅谈恰白·次旦平措与新时期初的西藏文学

恰白·次旦平措先生的文学创作,始终浸透着对现实的强烈关怀和热情赞颂以及对历史本身的深入感悟,是现实主义精神的体现,也是历史沉思的诗性表达,在内容上,其作品突破宗教拘囿、古典规限,涌动着个人的真实体验与现代气息,予以人积极、乐观,宏大、壮丽的审美观感.其作品既是其对历史发展、社会实践的自觉意识的反映,也是其人文主义、朴素唯物主义思想的审美表现.     

论戴裔煊的民族学研究

戴裔煊是我国民族学界和史学界久负盛名的学者.通过述评他的一段人生经历和相关著述,本文认为学有所宗是他学有所成的前提,从事编译是他独特的成才道路,他给西方民族学的画像,他对中国民族学的研究,以及他的治学方法是留给后人的遗产.今天我们纪念戴裔煊,就是要继承他的优良品格和学术遗产.     

伯颜及其诗歌散曲创作论

元代蒙古族的汉文诗歌、散曲创作,是在当时蒙汉文学文化交流的大背景下展开的。其中伯颜的汉文诗歌、散曲创作具有一定的代表性,其作品有鲜明的时代和民族特色,对其进行研究,对蒙古族文学、蒙汉文学关系及元代诗歌创作等的研究将有一定的帮助。     

鲍德温•斯宾塞与后维多利亚时代的古典人类学

The post-Victorian anthropologist Baldwin Spencer was the first to investigate the central and northern aboriginal tribes of Australia. His ethnographic works in this area have greatly in-fluenced related disciplines and studies in fields such as kinship, totem worship, and primitive reli-gions. In the field of classics and anthropology, Spencer’s academic heritage has received wide-spread respect and recognition, and has made sub-sequent academic discussion possible. In order to present Spencer’s personal experiences and aca-demic ideas clearly and comprehensively, it is nec-essary to return to the post-Victorian context, and comb Spencer’ s life history and academic history. Taking important clues from various times an e-vents in his life, the paper introduces three peri-ods:Spencer’s early training in the discipline and his epistemic background, his medium-term eth-nographic investigations and works, and the later investigations of Tierra del Fuego. Textual study, based on Spencer’s life history and academic histo-ry, is very useful to understand his ethnographic investigations. Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer ( 1860 -1929 ) was born on 23 June, 1860 in Lancashire, Eng-land. Spencer was educated at Old Trafford School and at the Manchester School of Art. His interest in art and sketching was lifelong, and would reveal itself in his competence as a scientific draftsman and illustrator ( D. J. Mulvaney,1990 ) . Entering Owens College ( Victoria University of Manchester) in 1879, Spencer intended to study medicine. In-spired by Milnes Marshall, a disciple of Darwin disciple, he became a committed evolutionary biol-ogist, soon abandoning conventional religion. He entered the University of Oxford in 1881 to study
science under Professor H. N. Moseley, who com-bined an enthusiasm for evolutionary biology with ethnological interests. Spencer grasped Oxford ’ s diverse opportunities, which included lectures by Ruskin and E. B. Tylor. In 1887, Spencer ar-rived at Melbourne University . With his colleague Professor David Masson, Spencer helped to trans-form university standards and they co-operated as entrepreneurs of Australian science. Spencer was recruited as zoologist and photog-rapher in the 1894 Horn scientific exploration ex-pedition to central Australia. His anthropological interest was rekindled when he met F. J. Gillen, the Alice Springs postmaster, during the expedi-tion. In 1896 Spencer joined Gillen for the most intensive fieldwork then attempted in Australia. The Native Tribes of Central Australia ( 1899 ) , which resulted, was to influence contemporary theories on social evolution and interpretations of the origins of art and ceremonial practices. Spencer and Gillen drove a buggy from Oodnadatta to Borroloola in 1901-02 . Their research resulted in The Northern Tribes of Central Australia ( 1904 );Haddon had written that the names of Spencer and Gillen are familiar to every ethnologist in the world, and probably no books on ethnology have been so wide-ly noticed and criticized as have The Native Tribes of Central Australia and The Northern Tribes of Central Australia (A. C. Haddon ,1902). To assist the Government of the Common-wealth, Spencer was appointed Special Commis-sioner for Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and also their Chief Protector. He also led three other scientists, including J. A. Gilruth, on the 1911 Preliminary Scientific Expedition. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (1914)
described his ethnographic observations and the ex-tensive collections made on the expedition. At the government ’ s request, Spencer visited Alice Springs and Hermannsburg in 1923 . He published The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People ( 2 vols, 1927 ) to respond to the criticisms derived from Carl Stretlow and defend his work. A popular rewrite of previous books followed—Wanderings in Wild Australia ( 2 vols, 1928 )—this time under his sole authorship. Spencer retired as emeritus professor in 1919 . His nerves and his judgments were impaired from the strain of continuous overwork, the virtual disin-tegration of his marriage, and he was finally hospi-talized in 1921 . His health improved and within two years he resumed anthropological activities and rebuilt his art collection. He sailed to Tierra del Fuego together with Jean Hamilton to undertake anthropological studies early in 1929. Spencer, with an unrivalled record of anthropological field-work in Australia, undertook this journey to fill a gap in our knowledge, and compare very different and remote races of mankind (A. C. H. ,1931). However, his gallant attempt was prematurely frus-trated by his death from angina pectoris, at which point he had been only two months in the field. His notes were organized and published as Spencer’s Last Journey (1931). His achievements were recognized. Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 , he was ap-pointed C. M. G. in 1904 and K. C. M. G. in 1916 . Manchester University conferred him with an honorary doctorate of science, while Melbourne a-warded him a doctorate of letters. Exeter College, Oxford, elected him to an honorary fellowship in 1907 , and stained glass in its hall commemorates his contribution. James Frazer’s letter to Spencer in 1899 was prophetic: books like mine, merely speculative, will be superseded sooner or later ( the sooner the better for the sake of truth) by bet-ter induction based on fuller knowledge;books like yours, containing records of observations, will nev-er be superseded ( John M. Cooper, 1932 ) . Therefore, the sense and value of reading and un-derstanding Spencer and his books today goes with-out saying.     

关于马德新研究的几个问题

马德新（1794-1874）,清朝后期享誉云南的回族大阿洪,完成朝觐功课的哈吉,同时也是一位赫赫有名的大学者。他开创了经堂教育云南一派;在咸同年间领导云南东南回民起义;后与政府议和,投身学术,著有数十部阿拉伯文、波斯文及汉文伊斯兰教著作,为中国伊斯兰教和回族的文化、教育亨业作出很大贡献。本篇论文以历史事实为基础,以流播于口头、记录于文字中的多种评析为参照,以人物历史活动为引线,以人物著作为基础,全面阐述马德新的政治思想和学术思想。     

意义的历史和历史的意义——庄孔韶人类学实践中的“历史观”

庄孔韶的历史观,经历了早期进化论线性时间观、中期文化变迁论历史观和后期反对现代性线性思维的"意义的历史"观之变换。他对传统与现代性关系的思考也经历了从学院派人类学向应用人类学领域之衔接。他的整体历史人类学主张是中国人类学未来发展中一份不可多得的学术资源。当然,也存在进一步理论提升的空间。庄孔韶人类学实践中的"理念观"、"文化观"和"历史观"三者之间是一个严密的逻辑体系,必须从内在深层关联上予以把握。     

论清代壮族名士郑献甫纪游诗的文化维度

郑献甫是清代著名的壮族诗人、学者,在岭峤壮族古典诗人中,是卓然独立的大家。其纪游诗内容多样,包罗丰富,大致可分为四个维度,即地理之维、民俗之维、历史之维、时政之维,这四个维度分别指向四重文化内涵,即抒写行者无疆,揭橥风物民俗,寻求古今会通,传载末世心史。郑献甫的行走人生标举了封建时代文人独具特色的人生范式,给予我们较为丰富的文化启示。     

走出祖荫:六十年后的西镇人

60年前,美籍华裔心理人类学家许烺光对西镇人的文化与人格问题进行了深入研究,并在国内外人类学界产生了巨大影响。当西镇人在20世纪50年代的民族识别中被认定为白族之后,许烺光的西镇人研究不断遭到国内外人类学界的质疑。本文在田野调查结合有关文献的基础上,对60年以来西镇人在族属、文化和人格等方面发生的重大变化加以解析,以回应国内外人类学界对许烺光的批评,并以此纪念他为中国心理人类学的确立和发展所做出的杰出贡献。