硅谷与中关村人才聚集效应及环境比较研究

人才的流动会出现人才聚集现象,而人才聚集现象在和谐环境中将产生1 1>2的人才聚集效应。这种聚集效应能极大地促进人才作用的发挥,有效地推动区域技术创新和高新技术产业的发展。在分析人才聚集效应及其环境的基础上,通过对硅谷和中关村的人才聚集效应及环境的比较,探讨了各种环境因素对人才聚集效应的影响,并提出了优化中关村人才聚集环境的基本对策,旨在促进人才聚集效应的产生和提升。     

中西文化差异对科技型人才聚集效应的影响分析

论述了科技型人才聚集效应的概念、特征,分析了中西文化的差异,进一步探讨了中西文化差异对科技型人才聚集效应的正负面影响,旨在借鉴西方文化精华的基础上,充分发挥中国传统文化的积极作用,抑制其消极作用,全面提升科技型人才聚集的经济性效应.     

科技型人才聚集下的知识溢出效应研究

在分析科技型人才聚集效应和知识溢出效应的基础上,研究了科技型人才聚集下的知识溢出主体、接收主体、溢出内容和溢出方式。认为科技型人才在聚集时扮演着知识溢出主体和知识接收主体双重角色;溢出的内容具有明显的宽泛性、随时性、集中性、动态性;隐性知识溢出方式具有特殊性。     

人才聚集环境效应与中西部地区人才聚集环境的优化

人才聚集环境效应表现导向效应、互动与条件制约效应、整体效应等特征。人才聚集环境是人才聚集的原始推动力,人才聚集效应突出反映了人才聚集对人才环境产生的反馈作用。二者存在相互催生和驱动的经济关系。基于人才聚集环境效应,中西部地区亟需优化人才环境。     

我国现行制度文化对科技型人才聚集效应的影响分析

在论述制度文化内涵和特征的基础上,从制度伦理、制度信念和制度价值观3个方面分析了制度文化对科技型人才聚集效应的影响,并提出了打造民主平等的制度文化伦理观、树立法治的制度文化信念和科学的制度文化价值观等优化我国现行制度文化的对策,以促进科技型人才聚集效应的产生与提升。     

刍议人才流动与留住人才的冲突治理

人才是社会经济文化发展中的作用越来越突出。然而随着经济社会的快速发展,人才流动与留住人才的矛盾冲突越来越突出。剖析产生冲突的原因、正视冲突的利弊并合理有效地治理好这一种冲突,有利于人才个人及组织的共同进步、发展。     

利益、结构、知识三因素与知识链组织之间的冲突线性结构关系实证分析

本文应用结构方程理论,分析利益、结构、知识三因素与知识链组织之间的冲突线性结构关系(Linear Structure Relation,LISREL)。以问卷为调查工具,利用AMOS软件分析探讨变量间的因果关系,并验证知识链组织之间利益、知识和结构的三维动因模型的拟合程度。研究发现:利益因素和知识因素对冲突有正相关性,结构因素通过对知识因素的影响间接对知识链组织之间冲突产生影响。     

权变冲突管理策略分析

冲突普遍存在于人们的工作生活中,尤其是对于一个组织而言。有大量的研究证明冲突对组织绩效有重要影响,冲突管理越来越受到管理者的重视。从20世纪60年代开始,现代管理学者开始对组织冲突进行广泛深入的研究,在冲突过程、冲突类型、冲突动因、冲突效应以及冲突管理方式等方面都有了一定的研究成果。本文以冲突管理策略为研究点,深入分析影响冲突管理策略选择的主要因素,提出权变冲突管理策略的思路及分析模型。     

高层管理团队价值观共享、冲突与绩效：一项实证检验

高层管理团队(TMT)成员之间的冲突能否解决,是影响企业最终绩效的重要因素之一.从理论上分析了2类不同冲突(任务型冲突和关系型冲突)产生的深层次原因,旨在超越以往过分集中于TMT成员个体特征(主要是人口统计特征)的研究倾向,探讨成员间价值观共享对冲突的影响作用.基于我国电信行业118个企业的高管团队数据,研究发现成员间价值观一致性能预测TMT关系型冲突,并传导到员工在组织中的工作感受.对企业环境变量的调节效应的实证检验发现,在企业环境竞争激烈的情况下,TMT关系型冲突的破坏性作用更大.     

角色投入对工作满意度和生活满意度的影响

角色投入会导致角色内冲突的可能性,工作投入和家庭投入会导致工作家庭冲突并对一系列组织行为变量产生影响。在中国文化背景下通过调查291名已婚工作者,研究工作投入和家庭投入对两类工作家庭冲突以及工作满意度和生活满意度的影响,并讨论了工作家庭冲突的中介效应。研究结果表明,工作投入对工作-家庭冲突有显著正向预测作用,家庭投入对家庭-工作冲突也有显著正向预测作用;工作投入与工作满意度显著正相关,家庭投入与生活满意度显著正相关;工作-家庭冲突在工作投入对工作满意度影响过程中起到了部分中介作用,家庭-工作冲突在家庭投入对生活满意度影响过程中起到了部分中介作用。     

员工积极组织行为影响因素的实证研究:工作-家庭冲突的中介作用

本研究对505名员工及他们的124名直接主管按照4∶1的比例做了配对调查并对调查结果进行多层数据分析,考察工作压力、工作匹配度、工作-家庭冲突对员工积极组织行为的影响,分析了工作-家庭冲突的中介作用以及员工外倾性人格特质的调节作用。结果发现,工作-家庭冲突对员工的积极组织行为产生显著的负向影响;工作-家庭冲突在工作匹配、工作压力与员工积极组织行为的关系中起到中介作用;员工外倾性人格特质对工作-家庭冲突与员工积极组织行为之间的关系有调节作用,即外倾性人格特质能够降低工作-家庭冲突的负面影响,减弱其对员工积极组织行为的不利影响。     

创新人才胜任力模型实证研究

利用开放式问卷调查、关键事件访谈等方法,设计创新人才胜任力调查量表,从人才供应—需求视角出发,对我国一些研究型大学、科研院所和科技型企业进行调研。基于此,运用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,构建了由27个胜任特征项目构成创新知识、创新品德、创新能力、创新精神、创新人格五大胜任力维度的创新人才胜任力结构模型。该模型具有良好的信度和效度,丰富了胜任力理论体系,为大学、企业等组织创新人才选拔、培养和评价工作提供决策参考。     

Does task-related conflict mediate the board gender diversity–organizational performance relationship?

The board gender diversity–organizational performance relationship has been criticized for the absence of tests of the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. This study aims to empirically investigate whether task-related conflict – one of the prime theorized mechanisms of board diversity – indeed mediates this relationship. Consistent with the literature, we theorize how board gender diversity affects task-related conflict, and how task-related conflict in turn affects organizational performance. We test our hypotheses in the Dutch water authority sector 2009–2014, where we have access to the detailed board meeting minutes of 27 organizations. Our results find support for a partial mediating effect of task-related conflict in the board gender diversity–organizational performance relationship. We conclude by discussing the implications for the board gender diversity literature.     

A capability approach to organizational talent management

This article takes a fresh and radical look at organizational talent management strategies. It offers a critique of some of the prevalent assumptions underpinning certain talent management practices, particularly those fuelled by the narratives of scarcity and metaphors of war. We argue that talent management programmes based on these assumptions ignore important social and ethical dimensions, to the detriment of both organizations and individuals. We offer instead a set of principles proceeding from, and informed by, Sen's ‘capability approach’ (CA). Based on the idea of freedoms not resources, the CA circumvents discourses of scarcity and restores vital social and ethical considerations to ideas about talent management. We also emphasize its versatility and sensitivity to the particular circumstances of individual organizations such that corporate leaders and human resource practitioners might use the principles for a number of practical purposes.     

Abusive supervisory reactions to coworker relationship conflict

This study extends research on abusive supervision by exploring how supervisor reports of conflict with their coworkers are related to abusive behaviors and resulting outcomes. We utilize research on displaced aggression, conflict, and leader–member exchange (LMX) theory to formulate our hypotheses. Results from two samples of 121 and 134 matched supervisor–subordinate dyads support the idea that supervisors experiencing coworker relationship conflict are likely to engage in abusive behaviors directed toward their subordinates and that LMX quality moderates this relationship. Additionally, abusive supervision was associated with decreased work effort and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). Results also indicate that in both samples abusive supervision mediates the relationships between supervisor reports of coworker relationship conflict and OCB, and in one sample mediates the association between supervisor-reported coworker relationship conflict and work effort.     

三种角色压力对寿险代理人工作满意度的影响研究

本文以中国保险公司的寿险代理人作为研究对象,研究三种角色压力与员工工作满意度之间的关系.本文研究发现角色冲突、角色模糊性和工作家庭冲突对工作满意度的各个维度的影响效果是不同的,并且子女因素在三种角色压力与工作满意度各个维度关系中起调节作用.本文的研究发现不仅丰富了有关工作满意度研究领域的研究成果,而且对于保险公司改进员工工作满意度具有参考价值.     

中小企业人才聚集效应的虚拟化实现

针对中小企业人才缺乏的现状,借鉴人才聚集效应和信息管理等相关理论,打破传统人才定义,将人才以虚拟角色为单位进行划分;并按照一定的规则建立复合虚拟角色,最终实现虚拟人才功能的实体化,在短时间内有效地扩大企业人才规模,使之达到并超过实现人才聚集效应的最低规模要求;进而通过对虚拟人才的管理和激励来实现人才聚集效应,提高企业效益和竞争力.     

The relationship between safety–production conflict and employee safety outcomes: Testing the impact of multiple organizational climates

Safety research is understandably dominated by studies examining the impact of organizational safety climate. Yet, other climates (e.g. service climate; productivity climate) that may also influence safety-related outcomes are rarely concurrently studied. Consequently, questions regarding how different organizational climates simultaneously affect employee safety attitudes and behaviours largely remain unanswered. Multilevel data collected from public transit employees indicated that safety–production conflict (SPC) was negatively related to accident-reporting attitudes and behavioural safety compliance. As expected, among employees in workgroups exhibiting a positive safety climate, the negative effect of SPC on behavioural safety compliance was attenuated. Moreover, a positive customer service climate reduced the negative effects of SPC on reporting attitudes; on the other hand, this relationship was exacerbated among workgroups with a high-productivity climate (i.e. those emphasizing on-time performance). The need for considering multiple aspects of an organizational climate is discussed in light of these results.