A Study of the "Purge" of the Guomindang in Nanjing in 1927

In order to resist the measures taken by the Wuhan government to weaken their power, the Nationalists in Nanjing represented by Jiang Jieshi began in the spring of 1927 to use underworld forces to indirectly seize party and administrative power in the areas under their control. After repeated consultations with some of the founding members of the Guomindang, Jiang Jieshi, motivated by the desire to establish a separate central organ and to legitimize his own position, launched the so-called "purge" marked by the April Twelfth Massacre. After realizing     

On the "Revolution Worship" during the Revolution of 1911

"Revolution" may have been the most popular word among Chinese youth during the period of the Revolution of 1911. As a means of remolding Chinese society, it was an object of worship especially among radical intellectuals.     

Origins of the "Great Cultural Revolution" Revisited

There were specific factors responsible for the outburst of the "Great Cultural Revolution" (CR) in the mid 1960s. In my view, contemporary domestic conflicts during that period of time such as the following can be generally included: (1)     

The Philosophy of Modern China in the Context of "General Philosophy"

现代中国的哲学包括中国传统哲学以及现代中国学术界对西方哲学和马克思主义哲学的研究,属于跨学科、跨专业的“大哲学”。“大哲学”是与“纯哲学”相对照的一个概念。从历史上看,西方哲学呈现出危机和发展的一盈一缩的现象,实际上是“纯哲学”与“大哲学”的交替。所谓的哲学危机是纯哲学危机和“大哲学”凸显的时期,而走出危机之后的哲学发展是“纯哲学”发展和“大哲学”淡出的时期。现在的哲学处在危机时期,现代中国的哲学应当自觉地发展“大哲学”,提倡中国传统哲学、西方哲学与马克思主义哲学的对话,推进东西方比较哲学,使现代中国的哲学走向世界,朝着世界哲学的方向努力。     

The Significance of the Definition of "Literature in the Han Language Outside China

IThepublicatio11ofBaiXia11yol1g-s"ForeverYinXueyan-'inDa1IgdtiinBeijinginl979appearstobethefirsttimethatliterarycirclesinChinapropertooknoticeoftl1efilctthatduringChina's3Oyearsofrevolution,aparallelandcomplexworldofIitel-aturehaddevelopedoutsidcthen1ainl…     

A Study of the Phenetic Histary of the Chinese"r"()

Theoriginofthe"r"()soundinmodernChinesehasalwaysbeenatopicinthestudyofthephonetichistoryoftheChineselanguage.AStudyofthePhoneticHistoryoftheChinese"r"()byLiSijingexaminesthisquestionindepth.Thebookconsistsofninechapters:1.challengingpreviouslyacceptedviews;2.exploringthevalue(π)ofthosewordssuffixedwith"r"inthenorthernChinesedialectduringtheJinandYuandynasties;3.adiscussionofthefirstapPearanceof"r"inwordssuffixedwith"r",4.theearliestrecordsoftheuseofanon-syllabic"r"asasuffixinthephonologyo…     

The Institutional Environment of "Mutual Interpenetration of Scholars and Merchants" after the Mid-Ming: From the Perspective of Changes in Government Policy

The "mutual interpenetration of scholars and merchants" was a noticeable social phenomenon after the mid Ming. The appearance of this phenomenon had complex and deep-rooted social causes, among which in-     

On the Property Rights System:Also on the "General Principles of Property Rights" in the Civil Code

The division of the right to property and right to person and the dual structure of real rights and creditor's rights are basic concepts in the traditional property rights system. Along with the development of modern science and technology and the commodity economy, new kinds of property rights have been constantly emerging and the old property rights system has been gradually changing. Based on the innovation and integration of property concepts, the Chinese     

Perplexity over "Leaving behind Skepticism about Ancient History": Starting with the Errors of the "Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project"

The proposition that we should "leave behind skepticism about ancient history"appeared in the early 1990s, which happens     

Are you sitting comfortably? Perspectives of the researchers and the researched on "being comfortable"

In a study of volunteers in medical research, we found contrasting readings of "being comfortable" by the volunteer research subjects and the researchers. Although the experimental process (testing a new kind of diagnostic technology) involved some physical discomfort--and the researchers focused on this--the volunteers' concerns centred on feeling socially comfortable and managing feelings of embarrassment or isolation, and they generally made light of the physical aspects. The bias of volunteer concerns, which is understandable in terms of the different situations of researchers and volunteers and the different tensions they create, has potential implications for the engagement of researchers with their research subjects and prevailing standards for the ethical and accountable conduct of research.     

My Understanding of the Term "The Property Rights of a Legal Person"and Its Implications

Ⅰ.TheNatureandImplicationsofthePropetwRightsofaLegalPerson(1)ConfrontedbytheneedtocreateamodernenterprisesystemthatisuniquelyChinese,Chinesescholarsarenoticeablydividedintheirinterpretationoftheterm"thepropertyrightsofalegalperson."Thefollowingaresomeoft…     

On the Terms "Common Ownership," "SocialOwnership," and "Individual Ownership" Used in the Writings of Marx and Engels

BycheckingmorethanthirtyChinesetranslationsofwhatcanbeconsideredreferencestosocialistownershipintheCollectedWorksofMarxandEnglsagainsttheirGermanoriginals,theauthorhasfoundmorethantwentyexpressionsusedbyMarxandEngelstodenotesocialistownership.Eachoftheseexpressionsconsistsoftwoparts:onepartisformedbynounsequivalentto"ownership,""appropriationorsystemofappropriation,""seizure"(Aneignung,Besitzergreifung)or"property"(Gut,Guter).Theotherpartconsistsofattributesusedtomodifythesenouns.Theseatt…     

On the Historic Evolution of the Tibetan Policy of the American Government

The Tibet policy of the American government is part of its China policy.From     

On the Theoretical Positioning of the Philosophy of Culture

The philosophy of culture became aprominent school of thought in Chinese philo-sophical circles in the 1980s and 1990s.However, one of the major problems con-fronted by studies of the philosophy of cul-ture is its indistinct theoretical boundaries,largely due to the uncertainty of the categoryof culture.     

Facing the Cultural Challenge of the 21st Century──A Summary of the International Symposium on"Cultural Dialogues and Cultural Misreading

CulturalStudles:TheWorldwideMain8treamDiscourseattheEndoftheCenturyTheInternationalSymPosiumon"CulturalDialoguesandCuIturalMisread-ing"washeldatBeijingNationalLibraryon9Octoberl995.ItwasjointlysPonsoredbytheChineseComparativeLiteratureSocietyandtheInstitu…     

On the Globalization of the Economy

Somepeopletracetheglobalizationoftheeconomybacktothe15thcentury,whencapitalismwasinitsembryonicstageinEuropeandEuropeanmerchantsbegantodobusinesswithothercontinents.However,thistradeofapIunderingnaturewasonlyapreludetomoderncapitalistlarge-scaleproductionandworldmarkets,apreparationforthelaterinternationalizationofproductionandtheglobalizationoftheeconomyweseetoday.Inthemid-l8thcentury,thefirstscientificandtechnologicalandindustrialrevolutionsoccurred,resultinginthetransformationofhandicraftp…     

The Formation and Main Breakthroughs of the Theory of a Socialist Market Economy-In Celebration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

Withoutacorrectreformtheorytherewouldbenosuccessfulreformpractice.ThebasicreasonforthetremendousachievementsinChina'sreformandopening-upsincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeinDecember1978isthattheyhavebeencarriedoutundertheguidanceofDengXiaopingtheory.DengXiaopingtheoryincorporatesextensiveknowledgeandprofoundscholarshipandconstitutesascientificsystem.DengXiaoping'seconomictheoryisaveryimportantcomponentofthisscientificsystemandthesocialistpoliticaleconomicsincontempora…     

Declaration of the Aesthetics of Comedy

当前中国的美学研究是在传统的知识论哲学的基础上进行的,因而"什么是美?"就成了美学研究的根本问题。本文认为,应当从生存论哲学的立场出发去研究美学。这样一来,美学研究的根本问题就转换成"为什么人类需要美?"在人类发展的历史上,之所以会产生美的意识,并逐步形成一门相对独立的学科,是因为美学对人类的生存是有意义的。谁都不会否认,异化、紧张和冲突构成了当代人的生存状态,因而当代人的主导性的审美需要不再是加剧这一状态的悲剧美学,而是喜剧美学。喜剧美学的核心是通过喜剧性(轻松、俏皮、滑稽和幽默)消解异化、紧张和冲突得以形成的不切实际的理想,从而激发当代人的生命力和创造性,使他们从精神上逐步摆脱并超越这一生存状态。     

A Look at the Future of Studies on the History of Literature—Commentaries on the '95 Hong Kong International Symposium on "Reflections on the History of Chinese Literature

Aninternationalsymposiumon"ReflectionsontheHistoryofChineseLiterature"washeldfrom13to15October1995inHongKongandhostedbytheDepartmentofHumanities,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology.AmongthosewhoattendedthesymposiumwerescholarsfromthemainlandofChina,t…     

Men in Nonagricultural Occupations and Women on the Land" and the Development of Women

In1985,China'sruralreformenteredanewPeriodofdeagriculturalization,i.e.,thenationalorregionaldevelopmentofnonagriculturalindustriesandthetransferoffarmlaborerstononagriculturalsectors.Theupsurgeoftownshipandvillageenterpriseshaschangedtheindustrialstructureinruralareasandprovidedemploymentopportunitiesforsurplusrurallabor.By1993,thenumberofpeopleworkingintheseenterpriseshadrisento112million,thatis,theyemployedoneofeveryfourable-bodiedpeopleinthecountryside.ThenumberofPeoplewhotransferredtothen…