事后调查的理论和它在人口普查修正中的应用

人口普查不可避免地存在误差,如遗漏、重复。为发挥普查的作用,对其结果修正是必要的。一般采用事后调查法修正。事后调查在人口普查结束后进行,主要目的是为修正提供基础数据。普查局利用这些数据,使用捕获再捕获模型,修正人口普查数。     

美国2000年人口普查的准确性和数字评估调查

本文概要地叙述了美国2000年人口普查后所进行的准确性和数字评估调查(A.C.E.调查)。它包括:抽样设计、事后分层、双系统估计等等。     

对我国2010年人口普查事后调查工作的若干建议

人口普查不可能100％计数每一个人。世界上许多国家都在人口普查后组织事后调查,使用双系统估计量另行求得一个全国人口真实数的估计数,并以此为标准估计人口普查的净遗漏率。我国历次人口普查后都进行了事后调查,其主要缺陷是未对抽取的样本事后分层,未估计“全国真实的人口数”。建议我国2010年事后调查方案在克服这两个缺陷的基础上科学确定全国的样本总量。实行两步抽样等。     

人口普查中的事后质量抽样调查

事后质量抽查是世界各国在人口普查中普遍采取的用来评估人口普查登记质量的调查方法,是评价数据质量的重要手段之一。本文主要从事后质量抽查的作用、抽样设计、调查方法、估计方法、抽查结果以及与以往相比有何改进等方面论述了2000年第五次全国人口普查中的事后质量抽样调查,并对人口普查的总人口漏报率进行了评估。     

高质量地完成人口普查的后期工作任务——全国人口普查工作会议在杭州举行

我国第三次全国人口普查的调查登记和手工汇总阶段已于1982年10月胜利完成。经过手工汇总的人口普查主要教字已由国家统计局于1982年10月27日公布。经过事后抽样检查,证明普查登记工作达到了高质量的要求。为了认真总结这次人口普查工作的经验,贯彻国务院《关于认真做好第三次全国人口普查后期工作的通知》的精神,国务院人口普查领导小组于1982年12月11日至20日在杭州召开了全国人口普查工作会议。出席会议的有国务院人口普查     

中国百万以上人口的民族在人口普查时年龄申报的准确性

一、前言 人口普查的质量问题,它所提供的信息可靠性是关系到能否“真实地”反映实际国情的重要问题。所以,每个国家在人口普查时,对质量问题都非常重视,除了在人口普查时各个环节进行把关以外,事后,对人口普查的最后结果还要作一番检查。     

人口普查质量评估调查样本量的测算

人口普查质量评估调查的一项核心工作是样本量的测算。由于该项调查采取分层、多步、整群抽样方法,而这种抽样方法的样本量计算公式极其复杂,因此需要探索间接测算人口普查质量评估调查样本量的方法。设计效应适合于复杂抽样方法样本量的测算。迄今尚未见任何国家在人口普查质量评估中使用设计效应计算样本量。因此,利用设计效应测算样本量具有前沿性及广阔的应用前景。     

关于中国2000年人口普查的建议

背景：２０００年中国将举行第五次全国人口普查。虽然经过前４次人口普查,特别是１９８２和１９９０年举行的第三、第四次全国人口普查,我们已经取得了一系列宝贵的经验,但是随着我国市场经济的不断深入,以及社会形势和客观条件的变化,给世纪之交的第五次人口普查提出了一系列新要求,普查工作也将面临很多新问题。同时,随着人们对普查研究和认识的深入,以及普查技术的改进和完善,可以预计,本次人口普查无论在调查方案、调查项目,还是在调查方式和方法上,都将有比较大的变化。如何搞好第五次全国人口普查,不仅是政府需要考虑的…     

中国人口终身迁移状况分析

“出生地”是用来收集人口迁移信息最常用的调查项目之一。中国以往的人口普查中一直缺少这一调查项目 ,这使得利用出生地资料对人口迁移状况进行分析在国内一直是个空白。中国第五次人口普查在中国人口普查史上首次调查了人口的出生地信息。本文主要根据第五次人口普查提供的出生地资料 ,对中国各省人口的终身迁移水平、流向以及不同年龄人口的终身迁移状况进行了初步分析。     

人口普查应该以调查现住人口为主--第五次全国人口普查的反思

第五次人口普查是我国由计划经济向市场经济转轨时期的首次普查.文章认为,延用传统的常住人口调查及过于复杂的调查指标体系是造成第五次人口普查人口漏登的主要原因.针对社会上大量的流动、迁移人口,文章建议人口普查应以调查现住人口为主,同时应多方位地提供普查信息化资料,提供优质统计服务,使普查成本相对降低.     

从第五次人口普查看世纪之交的广东人口状况

1990年以来 ,广东人口状况发生了深刻的变化。这些变化有的符合全国普遍规律 ,有的因受广东特殊社会经济环境的影响表现出不同特点。本文利用第五次人口普查最新数据 ,分析广东人口在数量、分布、素质和结构等方面的现状和特点     

Wuxi's pilot population census has laid the foundation for carrying out the Third National Population Census]

In order to lay the foundation for the third national population census, a pilot population census was conducted in Wuxi city, Jiangsu Province in 1980. One goal of this pilot population census was to examine and revise the rules and regulations for the population census. The second goal was to collect practical experience in a population census at a local level, and the third goal was to train a group of working personnel for the national population census. Results from this local population census include information on characteristics of the population, households, and society in general, cultural and educational levels, the economic situation for the local population, marital status, child-bearing status, and the natural mobility of the population. Both the quality and quantity of this pilot population census are excellent. Success is due to an effective and healthy leadership, detailed and well-designed rules and regulations and working principles, support and cooperation from the general public, well-trained working personnel, and suitable use of modern scientific methods for the census.     

The American Community Survey in counties with “seasonal” populations

The U.S. Census Bureau designed the American Community Survey (ACS) to provide annual estimates of social and economic characteristics for states, counties, municipalities, census tracts, and block groups. Because of its April 1 reference date, in northern nonmetropolitan counties with substantial seasonal population fluctuations the decennial census provides a statistical representation of the demographic and social characteristics of the population at a time when the population is close to its annual minimum. The year-round monthly ACS sample survey has the potential to provide local communities with an unprecedented understanding of the average population characteristics over the course of a year. In the future, the ACS even has the potential for providing social and economic characteristics of the population by season. This paper examines four ACS pilot data collection counties, Oneida and Vilas Counties in northern Wisconsin, and Lake and Flathead Counties in northwest Montana. We hypothesize that the ACS will reflect a resident population over the course of the year that is different from the traditional April 1 decennial census population. While the ACS holds much promise, our research uncovered some sampling problems that are not yet fully resolved. In addition, our analysis was not able to examine ACS estimates for minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are functioning governmental units in many states. The fact that these MCDs often have very small populations, together with the fact that estimated standard errors at the much larger census tract level in these counties are disconcertingly large, raises (currently unanswerable) questions concerning the eventual statistical quality of ACS estimates for small MCDs. Consequently, the adequacy of the ACS as a replacement for the census long form may depend on the ability of the Census Bureau to effectively address the concerns presented in this analysis.     

Population movement and city-suburb redistribution: An analytic framework

This paper introduces an analytic framework that can be used to assess the relationships between individual movement differentials and place characteristics, on the one hand, and aggregate mobility levels and city-suburb population change (in size or composition), on the other. Application of this framework using census data for individual metropolitan areas allows the analyst to decompose population changes due to net migration into contributing mobility streams and their component rates which are subject to unique community and individual influences. The paper provides both theoretical and empirical rationale for the framework, illustrates its use with 1970 census data, and discusses its implications for empirical research on city-suburb population redistribution.     

塔吉克斯坦人口现状

自塔吉克斯坦独立以来,人口状况发生了很大的变化。本文以塔吉克斯坦在2000年所作的人口普查为依据,主要对塔吉克斯坦的人口概况、人口变化、民族构成进行了分析。     

国外人口普查：从全面调查到行政记录

人口普查的传统方法是全面调查。这种方法的缺陷是成本高、居民负担重和数据质量不高。为了改变这个局面．一些国家正在尝试或者是已经把行政记录作为人口普查数据来源。     

1964～2005年我国人口受教育状况的变动——基于人口普查/抽查资料的分析

人口受教育状况通常被当作衡量某一国家或地区社会经济发展状况的重要指标。利用全国人口普查或抽查资料,运用趋势分析和队列分析方法,分析1964~2005年间我国人口受教育状况的变动情况;1982~2005年间分性别、分城乡人口受教育状况的变动情况;不同年代出生人口的受教育状况的变动情况。结果发现,我国人口平均受教育年限逐步提高,教育基尼系数逐渐降低,男女之间的教育差距逐步缩小,但城乡之间的差距继续扩大。每个队列人口平均受教育年限均有所提高,且各队列人口取得了不同方式和不同程度的"进步",其中既有年龄效应作用的结果,也有队列和时期效应作用的结果。     

The main contents and characteristics of the third national population census]

The Chinese State Council publicized rules and regulations for the 3rd national population census on February 19, 1982. In 28 chapters, this document outlined the leadership organization, target of the census, time and space of the census, performance evaluation, and the transaction and publication of the data collected. 1 special feature of this census is the connection between the need for current modernized construction and possible conditions available. Altogether there are 19 items in this census, while the last census had only 9 items. Among the newly added items are: 1) those concerning economic characteristics, 2) those on population growth, and 3) those on the household condition of the constant population. Another special feature of the 3rd national population census is the combination of China's own working experience in population and that of foreign countries. In the skills of modernized calculation, new experience from foreign countries has been fully utilized. The scientific method has been used to design the census form, a sample examination, the coding of collected data, and data registration through the use of computers. The 3rd national population census has been successful for 3 main reasons: 1) extensive support from the general public, 2) strict organization and hard work, and 3) modernized computers used in calculation.     

An analysis of net immigration in census coverage evaluation

National surveys monitored growth in the foreign-born population for the 1980s, especially net undocumented migration's continuing role, but the 1990 census portrayed an even larger foreign-born population than these surveys. Undercoverage in 1990 could have been higher than initially presented because preliminary studies may have insufficiently accounted for decadal net immigration. Assumptions intended to maintain a high undocumented undercount performed poorly when census counts of foreign-born residents became known. Any point estimate for net undocumented migration, calculated as a residual, is likely to be biased by assumptions and data gaps for components of calculating net legal immigration, especially in the direction of underestimation. A reasonable statement is that at least 2.1–2.4 million undocumented residents were enumerated in the 1990 census. The number of unenumerated undocumented residents may easily have ranged between 0.5 million and 3.0 million, and a narrower range of 1 million to 2 million is plausible. Despite the importance of undocumented migration measurement for census evaluation and policy purposes, differences among various undocumented estimates are more likely to stem from discrepancies in universe, reference dates, or individual judgment, rather than analytic refinement. Better measurement of the foreignborn population or its census coverage would aid in setting upper limits on net undocumented migration.