Corruption and the ‘Paradox of Redistribution’

The existing literature on the determinants of income redistribution has identified a ‘paradox’. Namely, that countries with a high degree of market income inequality redistribute little, which is in disagreement with the median voter theorem. In a first step, this paper outlines several mechanisms that explain why government corruption might be partially responsible for this ‘paradox’. In a second step, different corruption perception indices and an instrumental variable approach are used to provide empirical evidence that indicates a significant negative impact of corruption on redistribution levels for a sample of 148 developing and developed countries. This finding suggests that, next to political and need factors, government corruption explains to some extent the ‘paradox of redistribution’. This is especially true for many developing countries, given that they typically have relatively high degrees of corruption and low levels of redistribution.     

A Comparison of the Percentages of the"Old-old" and the"Young-old" Elderly in Selected Countries

ＡＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＰｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｓｏｆｔｈｅ＂Ｏｌｄ－ｏｌｄ＂ａｎｄｔｈｅ＂Ｙｏｕｎｇ－ｏｌｄ＂ＥｌｄｅｒｌｙｉｎＳｅｌｅｃｔｅｄＣｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓＡｇｉｎｇａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｓａｌｏｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅ...     

Effects of migration on the educational levels of the black resident population at the origin and destination, 1955–1960 and 1965–1970

Using the 1960 and 1970 census data, this paper analyzes the net effects of the interregional migration of black males on the educational levels of the resident black male population at the regions of origin and destination. Significant variations are observed in the educational selectivity of out-migrants from each region, by region of destination. Comparing the educational levels of the return migrants to the South with those of the resident population in the nonsouthern regions provides no evidence that the return migrants are "failed" migrants. The net effect of interregional migration on the educational levels of the black male resident population at the regions of origin and destination is insignificant in most age groups, for both the 1955--1960 and 1965--1970 periods. In particular, in-migration from the South to nonsouthern regions has little effect on the educational levels of the resident population in most age groups. In fact, for nonsouthern regions, out-migration is more detrimental to the educational level of the resident black male population than is in-migration from the South. Furthermore, the net effect of interregional migration has declined from the 1955--1960 period to the 1965--1970 period.     

Who are the Supporters of Croatian Membership in the European Union and NATO? Predictive Value of Personal and National Well-Being

Like many other Central and Eastern European countries Croatia has passed through substantial political changes and transition processes from state to liberal market economy in the last two decades. The next important step is accession to EU and NATO, and public opinion about joining these associations is divided. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictive value of subjective well-being measures in explaining attitudes of Croatian citizens toward accession to NATO and European Union. In particular, the prognostic utility of SWB is tested over and above usefulness of basic socio-demographic variables in explaining those political opinions. The research was conducted on a huge and representative sample (N = 4,000) of Croatian citizens in the spring of 2009. As a measure of subjective well-being, Croatian version of International Well-Being Index (IWI; Cummins in International Wellbeing Index, Version 2 [online]. Available from: , 2002) was used. IWI includes National and Personal Well-Being scales where each scale consists of several personal or national well-being domains. Socio-demographic variables used in this survey were gender, age, and level of education. Hierarchical logistic regression was applied to test the unique contribution of National and Personal well-being domains in predicting attitudes toward accession. The results show that National well-being index is useful in predicting attitudes toward accession of Croatia to EU and NATO, and has an even higher predictive value than basic socio-demographic variables. National well-being domains that significantly improve prediction were satisfaction with government and satisfaction with national economic situation. Higher satisfaction with national government is related to support of accession to both alliances, whereas higher satisfaction with national economy is associated solely with supporting the EU membership. The personal well-being index and belonging domains were not useful in this political attitude prediction. Possible theoretical explanation of observed relations between NWI and political opinion were further discussed.     

Division of the Eastern,Central and Western China

During the Seventh Five-Year Plan period (1986-1990), the Chinese government divided its 30provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) onthe mainland into three parts according to theirgeographical location and level of economicdevelopment. This is shown as follows:Eastern: Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong,Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong,Guangxi, Hainan.Central: Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi,Henan, Anhui,Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan.Western: S…     

Situation of Population Aging in China and the Strategy

ＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＡｇｉｎｇｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｈｅＳｔｒａｔｅｇｙ￥ＨｅＣｈａｎｇｍｅｉＣｈｉｎａ＇ｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｓａｇｉｎｇａｔａｎｕｎｐｒｅｃｅｄｅｎｔｅｄｓｐｅｅｄｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓｎｅｖｅｒｂｅｅｎｅｘｐｅ...     

Trend of Population Aging in China and the strategy

ＴｒｅｎｄｏｆＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＡｇｉｎｇｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｈｅｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙＬｉＢａｏｋｕ，ＺｈａｎｇＷｅｎｆａｎⅠ．ＴｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｒｅｎｄｏｆａｇｉｎｇＣｈｉｎａｉｓｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇａｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｗｉｔｈ...     

A Comparison of the Trend of Dependency Ratios between China and Japan

ＡＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＴｒｅｎｄｏｆＤｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｙＲａｔｉｏｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄＪａｐａｎＡｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｂｉｒｔｈｒａｔｅｌｅａｄｓｔｏａｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｉｎｔｈｅｃｈｉｌｄｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｙｒａｔｉｏ，ａ...     

How does the stork delegate work? Childbearing and the gender division of paid and unpaid labour

I estimate the relationship between fertility and the allocation of paid and unpaid labour among couples, accounting for the potentially endogenous nature of fertility with two instruments. Additional children lead to a reduction in paid hours and to an even larger increase in unpaid hours among mothers. An increase in fertility also leads to a decline in the proportion of mothers working and of mothers working full-time in paid employment. In contrast, additional children are not related to paternal paid hours, although there is evidence of a small increase in unpaid hours spent on childcare.     

Only English by the third generation? Loss and preservation of the mother tongue among the grandchildren of contemporary immigrants

We investigate whether a three-generation model of linguistic assimilation, known from previous waves of immigration, can be applied to the descendants of contemporary immigrant groups. Using the 5% Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample 1990 file, we examine the home languages of second- and third-generation children and compare the degree of their language shift against that among the descendants of European immigrants, as evidenced in the 1940 and 1970 censuses. Overall, the rates of speaking only English for a number of contemporary groups suggest that Anglicization is occurring at roughly the same pace for Asians as it did for Europeans, but is slower among the descendants of Spanish speakers. Multivariate models for three critical groups--Chinese, Cubans, and Mexicans--indicate that the home languages of third-generation children are most affected by factors, such as intermarriage, that determine the languages spoken by adults and by the communal context.     

The future of the Australian midwifery workforce – impacts of ageing and workforce exit on the number of registered midwives

ProblemEnsuring an adequate supply of the midwife workforce will be essential to meet the future demands for maternity care within Australia.BackgroundAim: To project the overall number of midwives registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia and the timing of their retirement to 2043 based upon the ageing of the population.Methods: Using data on the number of registered midwives released by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia we calculated the five-year cumulative attrition rate of each five-year age group. This attrition rate was then utilized to estimate the number of midwives registered in each five-year time period from 2018 to 2043. We then estimated the number of midwives that would be registered after also accounting for stated retirement intentions.FindingsBetween 2018 and 2023 the overall number of registered midwives will decline from 28,087 to 26,642. After this time there is expected to be growth in the total number, reaching 28,392 in 2028 and 55,747 in 2043. If midwives did relinquish their registration at a rate indicated in previous workforce satisfaction surveys, the overall number of registered midwives would decline to 19,422 in 2023, and remain below 2018 levels until 2038.DiscussionDue to the age distribution of the current registered midwifery workforce the imminent retirement of a large proportion of the workforce will see a decline in the number of registered midwives in the coming years. Additional retirement due to workforce dis-satisfaction may exacerbate this shortfall.     

By the Youth and for the Youth Brief Introduction of China Youth Network

In the rapid changing world,the historically ever largest generation of young people amounting for 1.2 billion is approaching into the adulthood.Their education and health,their preparation to undertake the adult's role and the responsibilities,as well as the supports from their family,society and government will determine their own development and the future of the world.     

A Study on the Sustainability and the Reform of Current Endowment Insurance Mode

Ⅰ. Current Situation and Prospect of Population Aging China has successfully realized the transformation of population reproduction pattern in a relatively short period; and the age structure of its population has changed accordingly, resulting in the     

The visual construction of “the people” and “proximity to the people” on the online platforms of the National Front and Swiss People’s Party

The article explores and compares how the online communication of the National Front (FN) and Swiss People’s Party (SVP) visualise and define “the people” and “proximity to the people” in the wake of the Swiss federal elections and the French regional elections in 2015. Considerations based on netnography, discourse analysis and visual culture studies inform the corpus-based approach of the study. The results of the analysis show significant differences in the way each party represents itself: the FN visually frames itself as a party for the people whereas the SVP portrays itself as a party of the people. This is due to distinct ways of depicting the relation between party representatives and citizens as well as the “in-group”.     

Development and Validation of a Scale for the Measurement of Adolescents’ Developmental Assets in the Neighborhood

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to assess features of a neighborhood that are relevant to the development and adjustment of adolescents. First, a scale was created from a literature review. Second, the content validity of this scale was validated through expert opinion. Finally, the scale was administered to a sample population for analysis of its psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 2,400 adolescents (1,068 boys and 1,332 girls) between ages 12 and 17 who were secondary students in public and private schools in Western Andalusia. The results demonstrate the adequacy of the psychometric properties of the constructed scale.     

Statistical Communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2013 National Economic and Social Development

正February 24,2014General Outlook By the end of 2013,the total population in the mainland reached 1,360.72 million,an increase of6.68 million over that at the end of 2012.Of this total,urban permanent residents numbered 731.11million,accounting for 53.73 percent,or 1.16 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year.The year2013 saw 16.40 million births,a crude birth rate of 12.08     

Reform of the Evaluation Indicator System and Reproductive Health and Family Planning Services

Evaluation indicators, used for assessing work in a specific time period, play a guiding role in every area and are vital for making work plans. GDP, an important economic indicator, is often used to measure the strength of a country. It is also an indicator used in China to evaluate the performance of local governments. This practice has proven to be effective in stimulating economic growth within a certain time period. However, the consequences of focusing only on economic indicators are b…     

The Aging Situation in Asian and the Pacific Region and Sub-regional Differences in the Percentage of Population Aged 60 and Over

ＴｈｅＡｇｉｎｇＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎＡｓｉａｎａｎｄｔｈｅＰａｃｉｆｉｃＲｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄＳｕｂ－ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＰｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｏｆＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＡｇｅｄ６０ａｎｄＯｖｅｒＴｈｅｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｏｆｅ...