三峡移民在社会适应性中的社会心态

三峡移民在搬迁后生活环境的社会适应或社会化中，其主观能动性具有重要意义，迁后的社会心态是这种主观能动性首先的和集中的表现状态。经对湖北部分首批三峡移民的问卷调查和访谈调查，本文从移民对搬迁前后生活环境的感觉比较、对迁后生活环境满意度、生活环境的习惯感觉、生活关注的问题等四个方面，考察、分析了这些移民迁后的社会心态状况及各种原因。从一个角度反映了首批搬迁的三峡移民目前的状况，并对调整、引导三峡移民的社会心态提出了建议。     

"边际人"心态及其影响因素--三峡农村跨省外迁移民的实证研究

文章根据抽样调查的结果,探讨了三峡农村跨省外迁移民的"边际人"心态及其影响因素.研究发现,三峡农村跨省外迁移民中普遍存在着"边际人"心态.进一步分析结果表明,影响移民"边际人"心态的主要因素有社会交往、生产劳动方式和日常生活适应程度、对未来发展的信心、外出打工经历家庭经济收入满意度以及年龄等.     

三峡移民对经济发展的适应性──对三峡库区移民的调查

本文通过对三峡库区首批移民的调查，比较了三峡移民搬迁前后经济状况的变化；通过了解发展经济在日常生活中的地位及发展家庭经济的投资意向，考察了三峡移民对经济发展的主观能动性；通过对各方面适应性相关程度的统计，考察了移民其他各方面的适应性对经济发展适应性的替代效应；最后概括了移民经济发展适应性中面临的主要问题，同时亦指出了三峡移民经济发展适应性问题的实质、基本特征以及政府在这方面的职能问题。     

三峡农村外迁移民的适应与融合——对上海荣明三峡移民的若干调查与思考

本文基于对上海崇明三峡移民的实地考察,描述了迁入地对三峡移民的总体安置工作以及移民在进入迁入地以后的基本生活状况,提出三峡移民的融合将是一个长期的过程,文章在结尾部分还针对相关结论对三峡移民工作做了几点思考与建议。     

后期扶持对提高青海黄河上游水库移民满意度的效果评价

水库移民成败不仅关系社会稳定,而且影响后续水电资源开发。本文运用因子分析法研究了青海黄河上游13个水库移民安置区的满意度．纵向比较了后期扶持对移民满意度的影响效果,横向对比了不同安置区的满意度差异。结果表明：后期扶持对提升移民满意度效果明显,2006年移民的满意度均值为0．495,2012年的满意度值达到0．605．基本解决了水、电、路、上学、就医等问题,缓减了贫困区移民对艰难生活的后顾之忧;安置区选址是影响移民满意度的关键．河湟谷地与格尔木市郊等地移民的满意度值均在0．65以上,接近较满意,高原地带共和、贵南等县的满意度值分布在0．3-0．6之间,属一般或很一般;移民满意度因生活习俗和民族等差异性略显不同,建议在一定范围内采取多样化安置措施。     

三峡后续阶段重庆库区移民致富问题的分析与思考——基于万州、云阳、巫山460户移民的调查

本文以实证研究为基础,采用问卷调查、个案访谈等调查方法,通过对万州区、云阳县、巫山县460户移民的调查数据的分析,以定量和定性相结合的研究方法,了解了三峡后续阶段库区移民收入情况、致富的影响因素等,并结合以上情况,分析了促进三峡库区移民致富的对策措施。     

三峡农村移民生产劳动的适应性

1　问题的提出在三峡移民的迁移过程中 ,移民生产劳动条件、劳动对象和劳动资料都发生了或多或少的变化 ,从而引起劳动内容、劳动方式、劳动收入和劳动人际关系的相应变化 ,即劳动环境发生了变化。所谓劳动适应就是指劳动者通过社会化 ,调整劳动行为模式和心理状态 ,使之适合于新劳动环境的过程。移民通过一定途径完成对搬迁后的劳动环境的适应 ,是其得以融入安置地区社会生活和社区结构的重要基础 ,也是其致富奔小康的基本保证。因此 ,从社会学的角度对三峡移民生产劳动适应状况的考察 ,是探索三峡移民迁移安置工作规律、深化水库移民问题…     

1863～1884年俄国境内朝鲜移民问题

1863~1884年是朝鲜人移居俄国的第一阶段。这一时期朝鲜移民有四个特点:分布集中,主要居住在南乌苏里地区;朝鲜移民的男女比例相当,人口能自然增长;朝鲜移民的职业以农民为主,主要的经济活动是种地;国籍没有变,仍然是朝鲜国籍。这一时期俄国对朝鲜移民到来持欢迎态度,让其耕种一定的土地,并对一些困难的朝鲜家庭进行救助。俄国对朝鲜移民的这种态度主要是由滨海省缺少劳动力和朝鲜移民举家迁移的特点决定的。     

文化的同化对加拿大老年人居住方式的影响

本文基于加拿大 1996年移民数据 ,利用单因素和多因素Logit模型分析方法 ,试图研究文化因素对老年人居住方式的影响。主要结论如下 :文化因素对老年人居住方式的选择有重要影响 ;文化的同化对移民居住方式的选择有显著作用 ,表现为移民时间越早的移民老年人独立居住的倾向越强 ;文化同化速度的快慢对不同种族来源的移民来说是不同的。该文认为 ,在未来相当长的时间内 ,与子女合住仍然是中国老年人居住方式的主流     

中国工程外迁移民社区安置中的资源挖掘问题——以江苏省大丰市为例

资源挖掘对工程外迁移民社区安置具有重要意义。本文在对江苏省大丰市三峡外迁移民安置点的调研基础上,探讨了移民社区安置中的资源挖掘问题,主要是闲置房地资源的利用,社会网络资源的重建,(移民)人力资源的开发,以及投资性资源的启动等。     

新生代农村流动人口内部生活满意度差异研究--以江苏省为例

新生代农村流动人口正逐渐成为中国农村流动人口的主体。与老一代相比,新生代农村流动人口具有较为不同的客观经济社会属性和主观认知特征,而其生活满意度又将影响其未来的市民化决策。本文基于2012年江苏省外出青年农村流动人口调研,运用结构方程模型研究发现,新生代农村流动人口内部已出现较为明显的年龄差异。对于影响生活满意度的因子,新生代农村流动人口客观属性上的差异主要体现在所处生命周期的不同,而主观认知的不同则更多体现了时代背景的变化。     

基于期望与感知的毕业生就业满意度分析--以山东省济南市高校为例

对高校毕业生就业满意度进行界定,提出利用期望值和实际感知值测算就业满意度的模型,并基于山东省济南市512名大学生问卷调查数据,运用主成分分析法及排序模型分别对大学生就业前期望值与就业后实际感知值进行了分析,并由此测算出山东省济南市高校毕业生就业满意度。结果表明,高校毕业生整体满意度不高,其中,满意度最低的就是职业待遇因子、职业发展因子,两者低于高校毕业生整体满意度,而职业稳定因子、职业外部环境因子、职业内部环境因子的满意度高于整体满意度。本文提出提高高校毕业生就业满意度的途径,可以从提高毕业生的实际就业感知或降低毕业生就业前期望两方面入手。     

Internal Migration and Life Satisfaction: Well-Being Paths of Young Adult Migrants

Internal migration is typically associated with higher income, but its relation with life satisfaction remains unclear. Is internal migration accompanied by an increase in life satisfaction and does this increase depend on the reason for moving? What are the aspects of life underlying overall life satisfaction that change following migration? These questions are addressed using longitudinal data from the Swedish Young Adult Panel Study. Migration is defined as a change in municipality of residence. Comparing migrants to non-migrants, it is found that internal migration is accompanied by a short to medium term increase in life satisfaction for those who move due to work (work migrants), as well as those who move for other reasons (non-work migrants). However, only work migrants display an improvement in life satisfaction that remains significant 6 or more years following the move. Work and non-work migrants also differ in the aspects of life that change following migration. For work migrants the move is accompanied by an improvement in occupational status positively associated with well-being 6–10 years after the move. For non-work migrants, a persisting increase in housing satisfaction follows migration, but this housing improvement is accompanied by only a short to medium term increase in overall well-being.     

Does Society Matter? Life Satisfaction in the Enlarged Europe

Life satisfaction is quite heterogeneously distributed across countries of the enlarged European Union. Previous research has shown how living conditions within individual countries, such as access to material and emotional resources, are important for personal well-being, but it has been less successful in explaining differences between countries. This article investigates whether it matters in which political and economic circumstances people live, as well as whether their particular perception of the quality of their societal environment plays a role. People are well aware that the institutional and cultural settings in which their lives are embedded create opportunities and limitations: within individual countries, perceptions of society influence life satisfaction outcomes irrespective of access to resources. However, their importance for well-being differs across Europe: perceptions of societies are highly decisive in countries that provide only a minimum of social security and in which the reliability of political institutions is poor. In rich and stable countries, the impact is weaker and private social support becomes more important. In addition to these country-specific weights of life satisfaction determinants, life satisfaction variations between countries can be explained to a large extent by taking into consideration the economic performance, the social security level, and the political culture in a country—all in all, general conditions that enable people to live a respectable life.     

知识型移民的社会适应优势

"知识型移民"是指受过高等教育、掌握相应知识技能,在不同地域之间进行流动,以在新的移入地为定居目标并定居一年以上的迁移人口.在知识型移民的社会适应过程即基本生活适应、发展满足适应和文化心理适应中"才识"起着主导作用,这是知识型移民社会适应的主要优势."才识"对这一群体社会适应发挥作用的机制依托于知识型移民自身的客观条件、主观心理和他们所生活的环境这三类因素.     

The social effect of population growth in the periurban region: The case of Adelaide

The forces driving periurban population growth and change vary, resulting in different scales of periurban development, and local differences will undoubtedly modify the social effect of population growth in the periurban zone. The aim of this paper is to assess the effect of recent population growth on the social structure of periurban communities. Drawing on results from surveys of migration to three study areas in the periurban region of Adelaide (South Australia), the paper examines the perceptions of recent migrants as distinct from the established residents, focusing on three key aspects associated with population growth: social integration, satisfaction and identification with the local area and local commitment.     

Wellbeing Among Indonesian Labour Migrants to Malaysia: Implications of the 2011 Memorandum of Understanding

A spate of media attention has focused on the harsh conditions endured by Indonesian labour migrants in Malaysia. In June 2009, human rights abuses led to a ban by Indonesia on recruitment of Indonesians for domestic service in Malaysia. This ban was overturned on May 30th 2011, with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the two nations on migrant employment conditions. Against this backdrop, this paper reports on the findings of a survey administering the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) among a sample of Indonesian labour migrants. The aims of the study were: (a) to determine the degree to which Indonesian labour migrants to Malaysia are satisfied with their lives; (b) to contribute the first psychometric data for the PWI for this migrant group; (c) to compare results to existing studies for other labour migrants in Asia; (d) to examine whether the PWI responses fall within the narrow range predicted by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’; and (e) to determine the contributions of sets of perceived macroeconomic conditions, perceived institutional factors and perceived social conditions to the prediction of wellbeing over and above the contribution of demographics. Results indicated a high level of personal wellbeing and the PWI demonstrated good psychometric properties. In particular, the sample reported very high satisfaction with religiosity. The PWI full score narrowly exceeded the normative range for non-Western countries and was within the narrow band predicted by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’. Sets of perceived macroeconomic conditions, institutional factors and social conditions added incrementally to the prediction of wellbeing over and above demographics, suggesting that current attempts inherent in the MoU to stem abuse and improve conditions for Indonesian labour migrants might have benefits to subjective wellbeing in this migration context in the future.     

A Profile of the World's Young Developing Country International Migrants

Individual‐level census and household survey data are used to present a rich profile of young developing country international migrants around the world. They are found to comprise a large share of the flow of migrants, particularly among migrants to other developing countries, with the age distribution of migrants peaking in the late teens or early twenties. Detailed data are presented on the age and sex composition of migrants, on whether young migrants move alone or with a parent or spouse, on their participation in schooling and work in the destination country, on the types of jobs they have, and on the incidence and age of return migration. The results suggest a high degree of commonality in the youth immigrant experience across a number of destination countries. Recent developing country young migrants tend to work in similar occupations and are more concentrated in these occupations than recent older migrants or young immigrants who arrived at an earlier age. Nevertheless, there is also considerable heterogeneity among young immigrants with respect to school attendance and work in their destination country. The potential of international migration for building human capital is significant but far from being fully used.     

The role of environmental perceptions in migration decision-making: evidence from both migrants and non-migrants in five developing countries

Research has demonstrated that, in a variety of settings, environmental factors influence migration. Yet much of the existing work examines objective indicators of environmental conditions as opposed to the environmental perceptions of potential migrants. This paper examines migration decision-making and individual perceptions of different types of environmental change (sudden vs. gradual environmental events) with a focus on five developing countries: Vietnam, Cambodia, Uganda, Nicaragua, and Peru. The survey data include both migrants and non-migrants, with the results suggesting that individual perceptions of long-term (gradual) environmental events, such as droughts, lower the likelihood of internal migration. However, sudden-onset events, such as floods, increase movement. These findings substantially improve our understanding of perceptions as related to internal migration and also suggest that a more differentiated perspective is needed on environmental migration as a form of adaptation.     

Can indigenous transborder migrants affect environmental governance in their communities of origin? Evidence from Mexico

Despite high rates of out-migration, Mexican indigenous communities play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation. However, little is known about migrants’ role in environmental management. This research brief explores the case of the Purépecha of San Pedro Ocumicho, Michoacán, and its transborder community in the Coachella Valley of California. We find that migrants maintain strong cultural ties to their community of origin. However, many are undocumented, are unable to access steady and well-paid employment, and would be unable to return to California were they to visit Mexico. Furthermore, government structures in Ocumicho are weak, providing few opportunities for migrants to contribute. These factors currently preclude migrants from influencing environmental decision making in their home community. Our findings point to the need for more comprehensive and longitudinal studies to better document and explain the variations in migrant support for environmental governance in their communities of origin.