城市公共资源对农村儿童随迁的影响

儿童随迁是流动人口家庭化和家庭发展的核心环节,易受到共享城市公共资源的影响.因受到户籍制度的制约,城市公共资源和服务对流动人口子女的可及性仍存在或高或低的壁垒,因此,探究流入地城市公共资源,尤其是教育和医疗资源状况对流动人口子女随迂决策的影响,对于理解中国流动人口家庭化实现过程及政策需求具有重要意义.文章在2014年国家卫计委流动人口动态监测调查个人数据的基础上匹配同年全国各地市医疗和教育资源数据,并构建农村儿童随迁的影响因素模型.结果表明:流入地城市的公共资源数量与可及性对儿童随迁决策有重要影响;不同年龄段儿童的随迁决策倚重于不同类型的公共资源;而户籍制度壁垒会显著降低公共资源对流动人口子女随迂的拉动作用.     

创新理念 积极探索 努力提升流动人口服务管理水平

近年来,贵州省普安县坚持按照＂统筹管理、服务均等、信息共享、区域协作＂的流动人口服务管理机制,切实加强流动人口管理和服务,在流动人口计划生育服务管理工作中进行了一些探索和尝试,取得了一定成绩。 加强领导扎实推进流动人口服务管理工作人口流动是工业化和城市化发展的必然产物,是市场经济发展规律的必然要求,是全面建成小康社会的重要动力。普安县坚持改革创新,从服务于经济建设的高度,正确认识人口流动对经济社会发展的积极促进作用。     

重庆市流动人口计划生育管理与服务的现状与思考

人口大流动是我国经济快速发展过程中新生的重要社会问题,重庆市作为西部的新兴直辖市和首批国家设立的"全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区",既是西部流动人口主要聚集地之一,也是重要的流动人口流出地.流动人口计划生育管理与服务工作面临新挑战.本文就重庆市流动人口的特征,计划生育管理和服务工作面临的问题与挑战进行了探讨,提出了一些对策和建议.     

安徽滁州市琅琊区为流动人口搭建用工信息平台

为落实流动人口均等化服务,全面提升流动人口的归属感和幸福指数,安徽省滁州市琅琊区家庭生活指导中心不断创新工作方法,为流动人口积极搭建企业用工信息平台,帮助他们拓宽就业渠道,在用工单位与求职者之间搭建了一座信息沟通的桥梁。一是＂来有所迎＂。在各街道、社区公共服务中心设立流动人口服务工作站,加大宣传力度,在辖区内人员相对集中地段定期张贴海报,将收集到的用工信息统一标准制作招工简章发布到各街道,并要求有LED显示屏的单位滚动播放招工信息和海报,     

基本公共服务均等化与流动人口传染病就医行为研究

流动人口传染病就医行为对控制疫情扩散、保障居民身体健康与生命安全具有重要意义。本文基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,研究基本公共服务均等化对流动人口传染病就医行为的影响及其异质性。结果表明:(1)基本公共服务均等化能够显著提高流动人口传染病就医行为,该结论在稳健性检验下依然成立。(2)对基本公共服务均等化进行多维拆解发现,基本劳动就业、社会保险以及卫生医疗服务能够显著促进流动人口传染病就医行为,而基本公共教育与住房保障服务未能提高流动人口传染病就医行为。(3)基本公共服务均等化对流动人口就医行为的促进作用在新生代、农村户口、高收入组以及东部地区组中更加明显。     

我国社区卫生机构功能定位转变的效果评估研究

为实现“人人享有基本医疗卫生服务”的目标，我国医药卫生体制改革将社区卫生服务机构的功能定位为公益性机构。本文通过医改前后社区卫生服务机构的运行与服务提供状况的比较对其功能转变效果进行了评估，结果发现医改政策对社区卫生机构的运行起到了一定的影响，但主要体现在基本公共卫生服务的免费提供方面，对于其提供的医疗服务行为的影响不大。社区卫生机构功能的完全转变尚需同其补偿机制改革、医务人员收入分配机制改革和全科医生的系统培养等配套改革同步进行。     

关于构建新时期流动人口计生管理和服务新机制的设想

目前,随着社会经济的进一步发展,我国流动人口规模在不断加大,其流动频率也在不断地加快。流动人口规模的增大以及流速的加快为新时期人口与计划生育工作带来了前所未有的巨大挑战。如何适应新形势社会经济发展的客观需要来开展流动人口计划生育管理和服务是我们目前面临的重要现实问题。本文在确定新时期流动人口管理和服务的指导思想和原则的基础上,从可操作性的角度构建了新时期流动人口计划生育管理和服务的新机制,以便系统和有效地解决目前流动人口计划生育所面临的各种压力。一、流动人口管理与服务的指导思想和基本原则根据我国流动…     

探索流动人口服务新路子

近年来,随着成都地区城市化快速推进,温江区人口规模不断扩大,流动人口在区域人口中所占比例明显上升,流动人口已成为温江区经济社会发展的一支重要力量。区人口计生局按照＂同宣传、同管理、同服务、同考核＂的要求,坚持全员人口理念,坚持以＂四措并举＂推动流动人口计划生育服务管理向＂制度化运作、规范化管理、亲情化服务＂纵深发展,以网格化治理模式,以市民化服务均等,有效地搭建了服务新温江人新平台,破解了流动人口计划生育服务管理难题,     

流动人口社会保障问题的公共政策思考

随着社会经济改革开放的深入发展,以农民工为主体的流动人口数量还将持续增加,作为一个特殊的人口群体将长期存在。流动人口突破了城乡二元结构的樊篱,为就业增加了竞争力,为城市增加了活力,为现代化增添了动力,也有力地推动了政府职能转变和管理服务方式转变。然而,绝大部分流动的劳动力没有养老、工伤、医疗、失业等基本的社会保障。流动人口在我国经济发展中扮演了重要角色,但现有的社会保障机制并没有完全覆盖每年近2亿的流动人口。由于一些流动人口缺乏基本的就业、医疗、保险等社会保障,因此可能会引发一些治安问题和不安定因素。所以,建立有效的流动人口保障机制,是"以人为本"精神和社会公正的最好体现,也是实现社会安定团结局面的一个治本之策。本文简要分析了当前我国流动人口社会保障的现状以及建立流动人口社会保障的必要性和紧迫性,并从公共政策的角度提出了若干建议。     

流动人口统计信息采集的新探索：现住房

多年来,各级党委政府将流动人口纳入经济社会发展和公共管理服务总体规划,出台了一系列加强流动人口服务和管理的法规、政策和措施,也取得了一定的成绩和经验。但如何更有效地做好流动人口服务和管理,一直是让管理者感到困惑的难题,也是理论界研究的焦点问题之一。     

Health and Health Care

Social Indicators Research - Quality of life in the area of health and health care is measured in terms of inputs, throughputs and outcomes in Korea. The national healthinsurance program has...     

Research on Health Status and Health Care of the Elderly in China

The issue of health status and care for the elderly in urban and rural areas is becoming increasingly serious in the rapid context of population aging in China.The paper analyzed the health status of urban and rural elderly in China in the two-week morbidity rate,prevalence rate of chronic diseases, disability status,self-rated health and healthy life expectancy of the elderly using the data from the 2006 Sampling Survey on the Status of Urban/ Rural Aged Population in China,the Fourth National Health Service Survey and the 2006 Second China National Sample Survey on Disability,to explore the current provision of sources of care for the elderly and try to make some policy recommendations about to improve the health and care for the elderly population facing the crisis of population aging.     

Health Interventions and Health Equity: The Example of Measles Vaccination in Bangladesh

Although the existence of socioeconomic differentials in infant and childhood mortality in developing countries is well established. little consensus exists as to the most effective approaches to reducing such differentials. This article utilizes longitudinal data from the Matlab study area in rural Bangladesh to investigate the impact of an efficacious child survival intervention—measles vaccination—on reductions in gender and socioeconomic differentials in childhood mortality. The article analyzes data from 16,270 vaccinated children and randomly matched controls, and evaluates their subsequent mortality risks. Proportional hazards analysis demonstrates that unvaccinated children from very poor families face more than a threefold higher risk of subsequent early child mortality, compared to vaccinated children from families of high economic status. While measles vaccination has little impact on mortality risks among children of higher economic status, the improvement in survival among children from poorer households is pronounced. The provision of measles vaccination markedly reduces mortality risks for poorer children—from over three times higher to just over 1.5 times higher relative to vaccinated children from wealthier families. The findings of this study are evaluated in terms of the potential of child survival interventions such as measles vaccination to promote greater health equity.     

Understanding and Measuring LGBTQ Pathways to Health: A Scoping Review of Strengths-Based Health Promotion Approaches in LGBTQ Health Research

Health research traditionally has focused on the health risks and deficits of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) populations, obscuring the determinants that can promote health across the life course. Recognizing, appropriately measuring, and rendering visible these determinants of health is paramount to informing appropriate and engaging health policies, services, and systems for LGBTQ populations. The overarching purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the findings of a scoping review aimed at exploring strengths-based health promotion approaches to understanding and measuring LGBTQ health. Specifically, this scoping review examined peer-reviewed, published academic literature to determine (a) existing methodological frameworks for studying LGBTQ health from a strengths-based health promotion approach, and (b) suggestions for future methodological approaches for studying LGBTQ health from a strengths-based health promotion approach. The findings of this scoping review will be used to inform the development of a study aimed at assessing the health of and improving pathways to health services among LGBTQ populations in Nova Scotia, Canada.     

Health

Social Indicators Research -     

The Relative Contribution of Health Status and Quality of Life Domains in Subjective Health in Old Age

To analyze the influence of different health status dimensions and quality of life (QoL) domains on older adults’ subjective health, and to assess the role that residential satisfaction plays in these relationships. A QoL survey was conducted on a representative sample of the community-dwelling older adult population in Madrid province (Spain). Logistic regression models were applied to studying: the health status dimensions associated with satisfaction with health; the relationship between satisfaction with health and other QoL domains; and, the influence of these domains on satisfaction with life. Sociodemographic and residential characteristics were included in all the models. The determinants of satisfaction with health in the first model were: mobility, usual activities, morbidity, and satisfaction with neighborhood. QoL domains associated with health were: leisure activities, neighborhood, and finances. Satisfaction with life was explained by these three domains, along with age, family and health. In sum, leisure, neighborhood, and finances showed a positive effect on satisfaction with health and with life.     

政府支出对医疗服务健康公平影响的比较和启示

医疗服务公平和人民的健康是各国卫生系统向其国家居民提供医疗服务所应实现的两个重要目标。但以英美日为例的发达国家根据世界卫生统计年鉴中的医疗服务公平性排名确有明显差距,因此,高收入和高政府医疗卫生支出与医疗卫生服务公平和健康公平性并没有必然关系。本文通过比较分析美日英国的政府间医疗卫生支出责任划分的结构发现高政府医疗卫生支出比例是提高医疗服务筹资公平性的前提,中央承担社会医疗保险责任是实现医疗服务筹资公平性的保证,政府特别是中央政府出资的长期护理有助于提高国民健康水平,地方政府的参与更有助于提高一国医疗系统机构数量特别是医院的数量。     

LGBT Health in the Midlands: A Rural/Urban Comparison of Basic Health Indicators

Research into the health and wellbeing of rural lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations is limited. A community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used to develop an online survey for LGBT Nebraskans. The 770 participants replied to an array of questions on social determinants of health and basic health outcomes. Only significant differences in having health insurance were found between urban and rural participants. Social determinants of health were explored. Results of this study suggest that regional culture may be more salient to health for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons living in the Midwest than rural or urban residence.     

Cross-National Sources of Health Inequality: Education and Tobacco Use in the World Health Survey

The spread of tobacco use from the West to other parts of the world, especially among disadvantaged socioeconomic groups, raises concerns not only about the indisputable harm to global health but also about worsening health inequality. Arguments relating to economic cost and diffusion posit that rising educational disparities in tobacco use—and associated disparities in health and premature mortality—are associated with higher national income and more advanced stages of cigarette diffusion, particularly among younger persons and males. To test these arguments, we use World Health Survey data for 99,661 men and 123,953 women from 50 low-income to upper-middle–income nations. Multilevel logistic regression models show that increases in national income and cigarette diffusion widen educational disparities in smoking among young persons and men but have weaker influences among older persons and women. The results suggest that the social and economic patterns of cigarette adoption across low- and middle-income nations foretell continuing, and perhaps widening, disparities in mortality.