流域跨界水污染纠纷税收调控管理模型研究

在分析我国目前的指令配额管理模型和排污收费制度存在的诸多问题的基础上,提出用税收手段解决我国日益严重的流域跨界水污染纠纷的思路。结合我国流域的非畅流特点,提出了污染物人工调控和污染物间接不影响等几个基本假定,构建了流域跨界水污染结构描述模型。建立了流域跨界水污染税收调控Stackelberg博弈模型,并用理想点法求解出博弈模型的数值解。通过淮河流域的实证分析,得出税收调控管理模型明显优于指令配额管理模型的结论。最后分析了影响税收调控管理模型实施效果的诸多因素。     

Organizations in the Public Sector in Hong Kong: Core Government, Quasi-Government and Private Bodies with Public Functions

Twenty-five years ago, the Hong Kong government was lauded as the model of a small, restricted government which was most suited to capitalist economic growth. Since that time, the government and the organizations which it has created have expanded to such an extent that there has been widespread concern that the public sector has grown too large. This article examines the reasons for the rapid growth in the size of the public sector, reflects on the organizational forms outside the traditional civil service that have been adopted, and analyzes the attempts that have been made to reduce the public bureaucracy by corporatizing and privatizing some of the services that it provides. Central to the argument presented is the question of whether an ideological commitment to small government or other functional and political factors have been the critical determinants of organizational change.     

Productivity Competitiveness among Non Cooperating Integrated Economies: A Negative-Sum Game

ABSTRACT: The strategies adopted by European countries during the 1970‘s and 1980‘s have been unsuccessful in their attempt to produce more employment. These strategies have been centred on attempts to improve the international position of a country at the expense of the others through increasing productivity and competitiveness. The negative effects on employment due to higher productivity should have been offset, in the longer run, by an increasing share of exports. But the eventual result has been that relative positions of countries have remained fundamentally unchanged. This is due to the fact that all countries adopted the same strategy. Aggressive strategies do not pay in terms of employment. More effective policies, in a situation characterized by accelerated technical progress, can be more easily implemented in a more co-operative international context. Even if there is no moral solidarity between the nearly related races of Europe, there is an economic solidarity which we cannot disregard. Even now the world markets are one. This is to put the issue on its lowest grounds. There are other arguments, which the most obtuse cannot ignore, against a policy of spreading and encouraging further the economic ruin of great countries (J.M. Keynes) ¹⁸     

The role of organizational ethics committees

Health care services are increasingly provided in an atmosphere that is fractured by conflicting ethical concerns. This trend had been most noticeable in institutional settings. In response, hospitals have for many years had ethics committees. Their purpose has been to guide providers, patients, and families when decisions with ethical implications have to be made. The shift in focus within the health care delivery system away from hospitals and more to managed care systems and to domination of decision making by primary care providers suggests that expansion of the ethics committee concept may be advisable.     

Rap and the Recording Industry

Nothing in the music industry has been more controversial than so‐called gangsta rap. This article examines the behavior of the major recording labels involved with rap music, and how they have responded to calls from the minority community and various politicians to clean up the offensive lyrics associated with the genre. In large part, the companies have basically ignored their critics and continued to market gangsta rap because for years it had been so highly profitable. Their basic tactic has been to diffuse responsibility and distance themselves from rap by allowing subsidiaries to handle that part of the business. The industry's behavior is certainly troubling. I argue that, at the very least, the companies should have met the “moral minimum” to avoid harm and correct social injuries by censoring certain lyrics. Unfortunately this never occurred, and, in the end, only declining sales appear to have had any mitigating effects on gangsta rap.     

The use of multiple scenarios by U.S. industrial companies: A comparison study, 1977–1981

Over the past 5 years the authors have been examining the Fortune 1000 U.S. industrials' changes in corporate planning practices with respect to environmental analysis. Results of earlier studies have been reported in the February 1979 and October 1981 issues of Long Range Planning. This article documents the rapid, domestic increase in the use of multiple scenarios between 1977 and 1981. Given the intention for future use by present users and the length of time multiple scenarios have been used by some firms, this is strong evidence that multiple scenarios are a useful conjectural tool which can help corporate management plan in an unstable environment.     

任正非的抗争与呐喊

保证权威秩序的官僚锁链,被彻底打破!让听得见炮声的人呼唤炮火!让一线直接决策!这是近一个时期以来,中国企业界发出的最强音。这种强音只能发源于中国企业界那个最沉静的灵魂—任正非。     

Model credibility and independent evaluation—Three case studies

There has been a rapidly expanding use of complex models as aids to policy making. However, it has become increasingly clear that there is little understanding of the capabilities of these models, and thus their credibility and their usefulness have been greatly diminished. To help correct this situation efforts have been conducted to improve some models' usefulness through intensive independent evaluations. The state-of-the-art of the conduct of such evaluations is presented in this article by way of a review of some of the existing literature. In addition, first presented here are three case studies of in-depth model evaluations, particularly concentrating on the lessons learned with regard to the uncovering of assessment issues. A final section contains the lessons that have been learned with regard to predicting the usefulness of specific model assessments, so that the value of future assessments can be maximized through the intelligent selection of candidate models and assessment strategies.     

Ascendancy of primary care will create role intensification for physician executives

The need for physicians in management roles in the health care system has never been greater. And the years ahead will see that need broadened and intensified. To maintain their leadership role in medical affairs in hospitals and other types of health care delivery organizations, physician executives will have to envision provider organizations and systems that have not yet been conceived, let alone developed and implemented. They have to become totally open-minded and futuristic in their thinking. And they will have to help other physicians accommodate this new way of thinking if the medical profession is to continue in a leading role in health care matters. Although numerous factors will have to be anticipated and analyzed by these new physician leaders, the ascendancy of primary care in a managed health care world long dominated by the technical and technological superiority of hospital care will present a particular challenge to the physician executive.     

The role of organismic integration theory in marketing science: A systematic review and research agenda

Researchers have repeatedly applied the same models/theories to predict consumer behaviour, whereas theories that have been extensively used to promote motivation are disregarded in marketing science. For instance, organismic integration theory (OIT) is a prominent theory of human motivation that provides a framework for categorizing customers’ regulatory styles into different forms of motivational regulations, which could be used in marketing as customers can be motivated to engage in behaviour for a diverse array of reasons. Therefore, we aim to enrich the field of marketing by reviewing extant knowledge on OIT, noting tensions and inconsistencies, and identifying important gaps with reference to how the constructs underpinned by OIT have been applied and what research themes, contexts, and methodologies have been carried out. With this aim in mind, we reviewed three decades of research between 1991 and 2020, outlined underdeveloped and emerging marketing issues, and set comprehensive research agendas (presented as testable propositions).     

Difficulties in the transition from clinician to manager

Medical clinicians have for many years been managers. However, this management role has most often been in groups of other clinicians and other health personnel. Only recently have increasing numbers of medical clinicians been asked to accept responsibilities for managing hospital and health services divisions that carry financial and administrative responsibility in addition to traditional clinical responsibility. In these circumstances, it is appropriate to seek to gather information about the various issues that surround the transition from clinician to manager in a systematic way and to begin to explore the issue and any actions that might be taken to ameliorate transitional problems. Such a study was undertaken by the School of Health Services Management at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and is reported in this article.     

Branch-and-Bound Strategies for the Log Bucking Problem

Tree bucking is the initial production process in converting felled trees into useable wood products. This process has been previously modelled as a dynamic programming problem. Unlike other production problems that have been modelled as dynamic programming problems, there have been no serious attempts to formulate this problem as a branch-and-bound model and then examine the model's performance. This research develops the tree bucking problem as a branch-and-bound model to be tested by varying several parameters. The testing is performed in two phases: (1) a sensitivity analysis is performed to test two key parameters used by the model, and (2) branching strategies are tested on various problem scenarios. The size of the solution sets searched by the technique vary from as low as 40 to as many as 41,000 possible combinations.     

基于CART和自适应Boosting算法的移动通信企业客户流失预测模型

客户流失问题一直以来都受到企业的重视,如何有效预测流失客户是一个重要课题。本文通过对某通信企业原始数据进行严格的数据预处理,以及利用直方图检验和卡方检验相结合的方法对模型变量进行筛选,同时采用抽样的方法选取出模型的训练样本和测试样本,并利用分类回归树算法和自适应Boosting算法生成相应的强分类器模型,仿真实验结果表明本文使用的模型在预测该通信企业的离网客户中具有较高的准确性,从模型的ROC曲线可知,该模型是一个比较理想的分类模型。另外,本文通过与其他两个模型的预测结果进行比较发现本文的集成模型具有更好的预测性能。     

Using Cognitive Mapping in Management Research: Decisions about Technical Innovation

Case studies of firms attempting to adopt a particular type of technological innovation have demonstrated that the process of technological innovation may be mediated by decision-makers' access to knowledge and by their cognitions—reflected in belief systems. This paper highlights the importance of cognitions in decisions about technological innovation. However, cognitive processes have been under emphasized in empirical work on technological innovation and part of the problem may have been lack of availability of research tools and techniques with which to explore cognitions. Cognitive mapping methodologies are reviewed in terms of their potential to fill this gap in the research into technological innovation. The paper discusses these methodologies, evaluates their limitations and argues that a distinction should be made between cognitive maps and the output of mapping techniques. This paper concludes that cognitive mapping may provide a useful addition to existing management research tools provided researchers are clear about what is revealed by the particular methodology used.     

Legal developments in managed mental health care.

There has been rapid development in recent years of employer programs aimed at controlling the skyrocketing costs of providing mental health care benefits to employees. This column, which is based on a presentation at a Client Briefing Conference conducted by Epstein Becker & Green, P.C., on September 13, 1989, in Dallas, Tex., discusses some of the legal issues that have arisen in connection with the various plans that have been developed.     

我国企业股票激励的瓶颈及其对策研究

股票期权激励在西方国家的许多先进公司得以实施,并取得了很大的成功,而且已呈现出逐步向其它国家蔓延的国际性趋势。面对这股潮流的冲击,我国的一些企业已开始逐步采用这种激励制度,但该制度在我国企业的应用并不理想,存在许多瓶颈性制约因素,必须通过采取完善资本市场环境、建立现代企业制度、规范会计处理、修改法律等措施,保证该制度朝着健康、稳定、有序的方向发展。     

Chronology of the last six recessions

How successful have economists and other business forecasters been in predicting recessions? This question is of considerable practical value since the level of economic activity greatly influences budgets and other plans of businesses. The purpose of this paper is to examine forecasts of economic recessions that have been made over the last 20 years and evaluate the extent to which forecasters have been successful in their predictions. The approach used was to look closely at published forecasts in major business journals or specialized forecasting newsletters. The conclusion of the paper is that forecasters have been somewhat unsuccessful in their efforts to correctly predict the timing and depth of recessions. The implications of such a conclusion are that planners should not pursue the illusion that recessions can be accurately predicted and, instead, they should accept reality and shift the emphasis from attempting to forecast recessions to effectively monitoring the present state of the economy.     

设计驱动式创新机理研究

设计驱动式创新是一种前沿的创新理论,强调通过对现存技术元素和社会文化元素的创造性组合来形成新的产品解决方案。本文基于对我国211家创新型企业的问卷调查,采用结构方程的方法对设计驱动式创新的机理与作用路径进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,企业拥有的不同设计资源组合会形成不同的关键设计创新能力,最终影响到创新绩效。研究揭示了各设计资源要素对创新绩效的促进作用。为企业在创新实践中通过合理的资源获取和配置,提升自身设计创新能力,有效实施设计驱动式创新提供理论指导。     

Detrimental Effects of Performance-Related Pay in the Public Sector? On the Need for a Broader Theoretical Perspective

Performance-related pay has been a key ingredient in New Public Management reforms. Nevertheless, the research presented here indicates some adverse effects of such incentives. These incentives may impair an initial motivation to work and change the norms that guide behavior. An issue which in particular has been given insufficient attention is fairness. Findings drawn from experimental economics supported by field studies demonstrate that perceived unfairness may have important negative effects on performance. The implication of a broader perspective in the analysis of performance-related pay in the public sector is that such a pay system, contrary to its aim, may have detrimental effects on performance.     

Benchmarking Toyota''s supply chain: Japan vs U.K.

Previous studies have shown by benchmarking that significant advantage has been gained by the application of the Toyota Production System (TPS) both within Toyota and in their direct and indirect suppliers. However, no detailed analysis has taken place to verify where this advantage lies and how it has been achieved. In addition analysis of whether this advantage is transferable by Toyota overseas is lacking at present. As a result of these gaps a comparative research programme has been carried out in Japan and the U.K.