基于结构可变的RBF神经网络的时间序列预测

基于神经网络的时间序列预测方法,需要正确确定网络结构,它关系到所建模型的合理性以及预测的准确性。目前确定网络结构的绝大多数方法,其网络结构一经训练确定便保持不变。然而现实中许多时间序列呈现非平稳性,其结构经常发生变化,这就要求网络结构能够动态可调,因此本文提出结构可变的径向基函数(RBF)神经网络预测模型。并采用序列蒙特卡罗(SMC)方法实现基于结构可变RBF网络的时间序列在线预测;最后采用CRU钢铁价格指数月数据进行实证研究,结果表明该模型的有效性。     

基于径向基函数网络的改进算法的数据分类方法及其应用

径向基函数网络是数据挖掘领域的一种重要挖掘工具,受到了特别的重视.本文通过考虑输入--输出扩展矢量的方式改进了应用广泛的HCM挖掘算法.实例表明改进的HCM算法可以获得更好的挖掘效果,提升了此挖掘工具的价值.     

福州市城区PM_(10)浓度空间插值方法对比研究

基于福州市城区空气自动监测站点的PM_(10)浓度数据,通过对其分布特征进行探究,采用反距离权重插值法、径向基函数法和普通克里金插值法等进行空间插值,利用交叉验证对插值结果进行误差分析。结果显示,普通克里金法的空间插值效果最为理想,其次是径向基函数法,反距离权重插值法则最差。PM_(10)的季节性分布特征对空间插值结果有显著影响,三种方法夏季插值结果均明显优于其他季节,夏季径向基函数法插值结果只略逊于普通克里金法,此时可选择径向基函数法插值。三种插值方法的PM_(10)浓度空间分布趋势是一致的。     

航线网络中需求无约束估计的非参数选择模型

传统的航空客运需求无约束估计方法仅针对平行直达航班中的顾客需求“溢出”和“再 现”问题,未能考虑航空网络中直达和中转联程航班之间的网络替代效应． 基于顾客偏好排序列表定义了航空网络顾客类型集合,建立了考虑顾客策略行为的网络型非参数离散选择模型．考虑到网络环境下历史预售数据的不完备性,站在线上和线下交易平台的角度,分别建立了非截尾和截尾需求情况下的完备数据对数似然函数． 采用 EM 算法对顾客到达率和概率质量函数进行联合估计,并提出了网络环境下的顾客“初始需求”、“再现需求”和“溢出需求”无约束估计计算方法．通过数值模拟验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性,相较于现有方法能准确反映产品间网络替代效应对顾客选择行为影响,从而更加有效地避免对历史顾客“初始需求”的高估问题．     

基于GMM-RBF神经网络的前列腺癌诊断方法

 前列腺癌是近年来发病率上升速度最快的男性癌症,严重威胁着患者的身体健康,准确地判断癌症患者的患病情况对于节约医疗资源、提高患者满意度起着至关重要的作用。近年来,基于数据挖掘的癌症诊断方法逐渐成为疾病诊断领域的研究热点,在提高诊断准确性上显示出极大优势。        针对现有前列腺癌早期诊断方法准确性不高的问题,提出一种基于高斯混合模型改进径向基函数神经网络的前列腺癌诊断方法--GMM-RBF神经网络方法。该方法通过使用高斯混合模型对径向基函数神经网络中径向基函数的参数进行预训练,使模型避免陷入局部最优,之后采用改进的粒子群优化算法对神经网络进行训练。采用国家临床医学科学数据中心提供的数据进行前列腺癌诊断实验,将所提出的方法与径向基神经网络、分类回归树、支持向量机和逻辑回归等主流的机器学习算法进行对比,并使用准确性、特异性、敏感性和AUC值对模型的性能进行评价。        研究结果表明,与改进前的神经网络模型相比,GMM-RBF神经网络模型收敛速度更快、初始准确度更高;与其它机器学习算法相比,GMM-RBF神经网络模型在10折交叉验证中取得了较高的准确性、敏感性、特异性和AUC值。        GMM-RBF神经网络方法在模型预测精度上比传统的径向基函数神经网络模型有很大提升,能够得到更为可靠的前列腺癌诊断结果,为医疗工作者初步诊断前列腺癌和穿刺活检操作提供有效的辅助决策支持,该方法的提出对于减少患者痛苦、提高患者满意度和节约医疗资源具有实际意义。     

基于多种不确定性参数分布的U-GERT网络模型及其应用研究

针对随机网络研究中活动参数的分布是不确定信息的情况,本文提出了不确定信息的GERT网络模型,并利用信号流图原理研究了不确定信息的GERT网络仿真算法;研究了不确定变量GERT网络的矩母函数的构造,并对其重要的性质做了详细的探讨;最后通过算例仿真,验证本文提出的不确定信息的GERT网络模型及其仿真算法能够有效的解决现实生活中不确定信息对GERT网络参数的影响,说明模型与算法正确可行。     

基于集成支持向量机的企业财务业绩分类模型研究

要想正确预测公司财务业绩,首先必须选择合适的预测方法。现有文献所采用的财务业绩预测模型普遍存在着泛化能力不强的问题。本文提出用支持向量机方法来预测我国上市公司的财务业绩。为了提高预测准确率,本文还用AdaBoost算法对支持向量机进行了改进(集成支持向量机)。在支持向量机核函数的选择上,我们采用了实验法,即对每个核函数及其相关参数的预测效果都进行了测算,以期找出最适用的预测模型。实证结果表明,径向基核函数(rbf)的效果最好,支持向量机方法预测准确率远远高于其它方法。     

基于网络效应的竞争性产品微观扩散研究

竞争性产品扩散是成熟市场的重要表现,网络效应的存在不仅改变了传统的扩散模式, 而且对个体采纳行为有重要影响． 但是以往研究竞争性产品扩散侧重于宏观层面的扩散速度和扩散效果,忽略了微观层面个体的个性以及社会交互等特点对产品扩散的影响,因此需要基于网络效应从个体微观层面研究竞争性产品扩散的特点． 首先构建了基于个体间交往关系的直接网络效应函数和基于多种互补产品协同作用下的间接网络效应函数,然后,个体将计算自己当前时刻的收益以及下一时刻的预期收益,并根据预期社会化效益满意决策机制确定下一时刻的产品选择． 通过仿真对扩散系统进行研究,结果表明: 直接网络效应和间接网络效应对竞争性产品扩散具有阶段性影响; 在小世界网络的社会交往结构中竞争性产品扩散效果最好; 个体人数分布、偏好、对环境的判断都对竞争性产品扩散有重要影响．     

不确定环境下两阶段应急供应链网络建模与优化求解

为制订有效的应急供应链网络规划方案,提升应急组织救援效率、实现资源物质合理配置,考虑供应和需求的不确定性,采用多运输方式联合的配送模式,以最小化网络响应时间、成本和碳排为优化目标,构建两阶段应急供应链混合整数规划模型,同时,基于鲁棒优化理论构建可调节鲁棒优化模型,增强网络应对不确定因素的能力,通过线性对偶理论对含不确定参数的约束进行转化;为提升模型的求解效果,提出一种优化布谷鸟搜索（optimize cuckoo search,OCS）算法,引入基准实例,以验证OCS算法求解多目标函数的优越性和适用性;最后,利用武汉新冠疫期期间应急物资配送数据,研究带有不确定参数的应急供应链网络决策问题,并通过敏感性分析证明鲁棒控制系数对不确定扰动的有效抑制作用。     

考虑消费者路径选择的多元需求FIFLP

考虑了顾客的多元需求和需求流的路径选择的截流设施选址问题,网络上顾客行走的OD对存在不同的路径,引用重力模型来确定路径的选择概率,运用需求系数函数实现需求流的部分截得,建立了数目约束下的截得最大流量模型,给出了求解模型的启发式算法,先用增加算法求初始解,再用交换算法改进。最后给出一个算例,通过与精确解的比较,证明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.