教育民族志抒写反思

介绍了西方有关学校教育民族志研究的发展历程,重点讨论了部分新近研究成果,认为这些成果所应用的理论和方法对于我们进一步理解中国少数民族学校教育中存在的问题具有重要的参考价值.     

教育民族志研究的理论与方法

教育民族志是教育研究者对"民族志"这一研究方法的跨学科应用.教育民族志研究有两个层次,一个是教育人类学家的民族志;另一个是作为方法的教育民族志.人类学家运用民族志方法研究教育问题大致是在20世纪30年代之后,60年代以来.许多人类学家纷纷把民族志研究方法应用于教育问题的研究.教育民族志研究逐渐成熟起来.教育民族志研究的一般步骤主要包括:确定教育民族志研究的对象、作为搜集资料方法的"参与观察"、作为研究成果的教育民族志报告的撰写等.     

少数民族学校教育与地方政治权力的民族志研究——读《走进竹篱教室——土瑶学校教育的民族志研究》

袁同凯撰写的《走进竹篱教室——土瑶学校教育的民族志研究》是一部有关土瑶学校教育的规范的人类学作品,是国内教育民族志研究的典范。它具有三个鲜明的特点:开阔的理论视野、精湛的写作手法和崭新的理论建构。     

土瑶学校教育的过去与现状:民族志的视角

从民族志的视角出发,概要地论述了土瑶学校教育的过去,如实地反映了土瑶学校教育的现状,认为地方政府对少数民族的态度及关注程度直接影响着当地学校教育的发展状况.     

后现代语境中的民族志生产:一个困惑的追求

本文立足于后现代语境,沿循历时性脉络,对人类学家在进行民族志文本制作过程中所遭遇的困惑、论争进行了辨析。其内容包括传统民族志的"科学性"问题、"实验民族志"中的文学转向问题、传媒时代的民族志书写问题,并以此为学理依据和逻辑基础,对"后实验民族志"的描写范式进行了思考。对于人类学家而言,民族志生产永远是一个困惑的追求,或许,这正是民族志持续不衰的生命源泉。     

村落社会研究与民族志方法

本文回顾和反思了社会学和人类学对村落研究的经验,检讨了其中的理论得失和方法论上遭遇的挑战。文章认为,已有的村落社会研究成果主要体现于村落社会的民族志以及在此基础上抽象出来的“问题意识”和理论对话。笔者认为,民族志研究要秉承三个原则,即民族志的“问题意识”、民族志的时空构架以及民族志的“人本问题”。在全球化的影响下,未来对村落社会的研究应该在“超越乡土社会”的基础上,走向更高层次的“文化自觉”和文化对话。     

旅游民族志

通过旅游民族志研究对当代旅游人类学所面临的一些问题进行探讨,亦即不仅在旅游人类学范围内考察有关民族志问题,而且将这些问题置于人类学的当代实践之中,包括长期和短期的民族志研究、民族志田野作业的传统、民族志的时空策略、旅游民族志中的特殊问题等.     

中国人类学影像民族志的文本类型及其学术价值

近20年来,中国人类学影像民族志呈现出多种文本类型,从事影视人类研究的学者们依照不同的理论框架,发展出学术宗旨、创作方法与表现形式各异其趣的影像民族志,使得这一基于视听媒介的人类学民族志文本,具备了较文字型民族志更为丰富、多义的表述能力。将人类学影像民族志划分为学理型影像民族志、描述型影像民族志、表现型影像民族志与应用型影像民族志四个基本类别,通过对诸多作品实例的分析,淬炼其理论要义,展现多元价值取向的影像民族志对于人类学主体学科的学术贡献。     

主体民族志与当代民族志的走向

主体民族志重在揭示他者("被书写者")的生活世界和精神世界,寻求民族志者与他者之间的视界融合及其所依赖的共同概念基础,比照西方人类学学术史语境中的"民族志新本体论回归"而言,具有局部体现和路径补充的重要学术价值。在"后现代实验民族志之后民族志如何前行"这个关乎民族志未来发展方向的核心问题场域中,由主体民族志所集中体现出的包容民族志者、他者以及读者等各种主体诉求在内的"人志"走向,是民族志前行的一种代表性发展方向。     

近十年中国大陆民族志研究综述

近十年来,随着中国大陆人类学学科的不断发展,民族志研究也得到了飞速进步.哲学层面上的理论反思、实践意义上的范式探索、方法论上的交叉融合及研究范围上的视野拓展,表征了民族志研究在中国大陆的方兴未艾.但同时也存在民族志书写“三化”、范式杂糅及根基不深等问题.因而,中国大陆民族志研究今后亟待加强民族志书写的标准意识、创新意识及应用意识,重视田野调查对于民族志书写的基础性作用.     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

Im/possible lives: gender,class, self-fashioning,and affinal solidarity in modern South Asia

Drawing on ethnographic research and employing a micro-historical approach that recognizes not only the transnational but also the culturally specific manifestations of modernity, this article centers on the efforts of a young woman to negotiate shifting and conflicting discourses about what a good life might consist of for a highly educated and high caste Hindu woman living at the margins of a nonetheless globalized world. Newly imaginable worlds in contemporary Mithila, South Asia, structure feeling and action in particularly gendered and classed ways, even as the capacity of individuals to actualize those worlds and the ‘modern’ selves envisioned within them are constrained by both overt and subtle means. In the context of shifting cultural anchors, new practices of silence, literacy, and even behaviors interpreted as ‘mental illness’ may become tactics in an individual's negotiation of conflicting self-representations. The confluence of forces at play in contemporary Mithila, moreover, is creating new structures of feeling that may begin to reverse long-standing locally held assumptions about strong solidarities between natal families and daughters, on the one hand, and weak solidarities between affinal families and new daughters-in-law, on the other.     

Refugees,migrants, neither,both: categorical fetishism and the politics of bounding in Europe’s ‘migration crisis’

The use of the categories ‘refugee’ and ‘migrant’ to differentiate between those on the move and the legitimacy, or otherwise, of their claims to international protection has featured strongly during Europe’s ‘migration crisis’ and has been used to justify policies of exclusion and containment. Drawing on interviews with 215 people who crossed the Mediterranean to Greece in 2015, our paper challenges this ‘categorical fetishism’, arguing that the dominant categories fail to capture adequately the complex relationship between political, social and economic drivers of migration or their shifting significance for individuals over time and space. As such it builds upon a substantial body of academic literature demonstrating a disjuncture between conceptual and policy categories and the lived experiences of those on the move. However, the paper is also critical of efforts to foreground or privilege ‘refugees’ over ‘migrants’ arguing that this reinforces rather than challenges the dichotomy’s faulty foundations. Rather those concerned about the use of categories to marginalise and exclude should explicitly engage with the politics of bounding, that is to say, the process by which categories are constructed, the purpose they serve and their consequences, in order to denaturalise their use as a mechanism to distinguish, divide and discriminate.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

伊斯兰学者刘智的"元气"与日本儒者伊藤仁斋的"一元气"思想——朱子学"理"、"气"学说的批判与重构

在"文明间对话"被各国学界极为重视的当代,特别值得关注与研究的是,17-18世纪的回儒学与日本德川儒学之间的具有价值和意义的对话.刘智和伊藤仁斋是同时代不同文化背景的两位思想大师,同时受到朱子学影响,并吸收融合而产生出自己独特的思想体系.本文将探讨这两位思想家对朱子学"理"、"气"思想的重构特色.进一步想说明,不同文化...