大学生创新素质培养与社团建设

随着知识经济的发展，社会对大学生的创新素质要求越来越高，本文运用多级模糊综合评价方法对浙江省10所高校750名在校大学生的创新素质现状进行了评价，挖掘高校社团在培养大学生创新素质方面的优势，进而探索了大学生创新素质培养视域下的社团建设模式。     

大学生领导力开发现状与途径

作为一种综合素质的领导力开发有助于大学生的人格发展、非专业素质的培养和健康生活方式的养成。新生代大学生普遍具备友好、外向、真诚的特征，缺乏解决问题所需的冒险精神和创新精神，急需提升突发情境下的问题解决能力。虽然大多数大学生没有参加过任何形式的领导力教育，但参加社会实践和担任学生干部有助于提高大学生的领导能力。目前，在高校开展大学生领导力教育具有重要意义，建议通过营造领导力教育的校园文化氛围、设立专门的领导力教育项目、融入专业课程体系等三个步骤来逐渐展开。     

思想政治理论课与创新教育

本文从创造性思维科学、创新人才素质结构及国外创新教育实践的发展等方面,讨论了高校思想政治理论课在创新教育中的作用。高校思想政治理论课在大学生创新性思维能力的提高、创新素质的培养等方面能够发挥积极作用,具有重要功能;国外虽然没有“思想政治教育”之名,却有思想政治教育之实,其贯穿和渗透于创新教育过程中的思想政治道德教育在创新人才的培养中,比较充分地实现了其教育的社会功能,促进了创新教育的发展,对我们有借鉴作用。     

思想政治教育视域下高校公寓文化建设对创新人才培养的作用及路径研究

创新人才培养,首要是全面培养和提高成长主体的综合素质。高校公寓不仅成为大学生生活的重要场所,而且更是大学生获悉知识,交流思想,进行学习的重要平台。同时,高校公寓也是对大学生进行思想政治教育的重要载体。因此,正确理解思想政治教育与高校公寓文化建设,创新人才培养之间的关系对如何建设高校文化和如何提高创新人才素质起重要作用。     

论公共合唱教学对师范院校学生素质教学的价值

合唱团作为高校课外艺术社团,是我国高校进行艺术教育和美育的重要组织形式。合唱团对大学生素质的全面发展有重要作用。在合唱教学中,大学生的智力和非智力因素都可以得到培养。     

当代大学生优秀品格培养策略

品格作为当代大学生综合素质的重要组成部分,随着社会不断进步和社会竞争的激烈,品格素质的发展和提高对大学生的成长和成才起着重要的促进作用。当前我国的教育方向逐渐从传统的知识传授转向能力培养,思想道德教育也逐渐转向优秀品格的培养。高校思想政治教育作为德育和优秀品格形成的重要途径,在大学生优秀品格的形成中占据着重要的地位和作用。本文通过对当代大学生的品格现状进行剖析,探讨当代大学生优秀品格的培养策略,进而提升我国大学生的综合素养。     

高校辅导员推进大学生创新创业教育的路径研究

高校辅导员是开展大学生日常思想政治教育和各项管理工作的组织者、实施者、指导者和服务者,是高校教师队伍不可或缺的重要组成部分,辅导员工作关系到学生日常学习生活工作的方方面面,随着内外部经济形势的变化,对大学生开展创新创业教育成为时代发展的必然。党的十八大报告指出,要把立德树人作为教育的根本任务,培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人,培养学生的社会责任感、创新精神、实践能力和创业能力,提高大学生的创新创业素质是时代赋予高等教育的历史使命。"大众创业、万众创新"成为促进新时代经济发展的重要突破口和增长点,教育部在2002年4月份启动了高校创新创业教育试点工作,2010年发布的《教育部关于大力推进高等学校创新创业教育和大学生自主创业工作的意见》中指出:在高等学校中大力推进创新创业教育,对于促进高等教育科学发展,深化教育教学改革,提高人才培养质量具有重大的现实意义。2012年教育部出台《普通本科学校创业教育教学基本要求(试行)》,要求把《创业基础》课程纳入高校必修课教学体系。2017年中共教育部党组关于印发《高校思想政治工作质量提升工程实施纲要》的通知等文件对辅导员职业能力标准提出了详细要求,明确规定辅导员要为大学生提供优质高效的创新创业服务。"双创教育"的开展,一方面对辅导员岗位胜任能力提出了新的挑战,另一方面对于推动辅导员的职业发展和职业化建设也是一个契机,作为高校辅导员要把握好此次机遇,化压力为契机,一方面做好价值引领工作,从根本上改变学生的就业和发展观念,培养学生的创新创业精神;另一方面抓住契机找到自己的职业发展方向,不断提升自己的职业能力,拓宽职业发展道路。在当前形势下,建设一支高素质、能力强、专业化的辅导员队伍,探究辅导员加强大学生创新创业教育能力提升的途径是促进大学生创新创业工作的关键。     

创新创业视角下的大学生综合素质测评体系研究

"大众创业、万众创新"号召的提出对我国经济的发展,政府职能的转换以及社会公平的深入等都有着重要的推动作用。在创新创业背景下,我国各行各业都在抓住机遇、改变创新,创业的热情被再次激起。大学生作为我国社会的栋梁,其创新创业素质与能力的培养显得事关重要,大学生综合素质测评体系的建立是大学生创新创业素质培养的重要保障,也是对大学生创新创业教育进行指导的依据。本文主要探讨了大学生综合素质测评的基本内涵及重要意义,并提出了基于创新创业视角的大学生综合素质测评体系的建立原则及标准,希望对创新创业视角下的大学生综合素质测评有所帮助。     

实践导向下职业院校学生创新创业能力培养路径研究——以兰州现代职业学院为例

近几年在“大众创业、万众创新”的号召下，2020年我国教育部提出鼓励在校大学生创新创业，提升我国高校大学生创新创业能力，发挥高校智能支持作用和科研能力提升。高职院校学生创新创业能力的培养已然成为高职院校必须重视的问题。进而随着我国大学生素质教育改革进程的加快，对学生综合素质所提出要求也日渐升高。学生不仅需要具备良好专业技能外，还需要具备创业意识、创新精神。因此本文从高职院校学生创新创业现状及创新创业的实践入手，以兰州现代职业学院为例，提出以“创新创业比赛平台”“校企合作联盟”及“大学生孵化基地”三个载体为依托，打造本校创新创业团队，践行本校高职院校学生创新创业能力培养模式，针对高职学生双创能力培养路径探索提出建议，借此推动高职院校双创教育长期发展。     

论创造性美术教育与大学生艺术素质的培养

美术教育是高校教育中的重要学科之一,并随着科技时代的发展显得越来越重要,成为高校教育中不可或缺的一部分,是提高大学生综合素质的重要途径。本文通过对美术教育现状分析和创造性思维对大学生艺术素质培养的影响两方面的论述,阐明了创造性美术教育对大学生艺术素质培养的重要性。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.