跨国主义理论的反思性建构——基于对义乌跨国穆斯林移民群体的调查

国际移民研究的跨国主义理论是继强调市场导向的经济理性选择论和注重政治内涵的文明冲突论之后,主要针对伴随着20世纪90年代经济区域化和全球化加速而出现的新一轮跨国移民潮的新特点不断建构和快速发展起来的。跨国主义最重要的理论贡献是它以一种开放性的理论视角和方法,在多样化的跨国移民实践中不断地被反思性建构和重构。     

例论中越边境跨国婚姻建立的基础——兼论"无国籍女人"的身份

中越边境地区上世纪80年代末两国关系得到改善以来,中国与越南毗邻村屯边民之间缔结的跨国婚姻数量呈快速上升的态势,越来越多的越南妇女嫁入到中国家庭。本文着力探讨中越边境跨国婚姻建立的基础,同时关注这些嫁入中国家庭并生育子女的越南妇女的处境。由于制度等各种条件限制,她们难以有正常的婚姻登记,最终沦为尴尬的无国籍女人,这对中越边境社会的稳定产生了一系列负面影响.     

论跨国民族理论研究范式体系的建构

"跨国民族"这一概念在20世纪90年代提出之后即在国内学界产生了较大的影响,在近十多年的研究中,国内学者逐渐建构了一套跨国民族理论体系,形成了一种研究范式,这也推动了马克思主义民族理论的发展。     

论井上馨的鹿鸣馆外交及其欧化主义

1883-1887年日本外务卿井上馨在任期间开始实施了以鹿鸣馆为中心的一系列欧化主义政策,希望先使日本成为欧化新帝国,与世界先进国家立于同等地位,以此促使西方各国同意修改对日本的一系列不平等条约。但推行的这种极端的欧化主义忽视了日本自身文化的特点,一味模仿西方,最终只可能遭到失败。     

以赛亚·伯林论犹太复国主义的语境及其实践

以赛亚·伯林的民族主义思想以其消极自由理论为理论基础,认为民族归属感和认同感是实现个人自由的基本要素,并确信合理的民族主义不应以牺牲个人自由的基本权利来满足民族群体的特殊诉求。反映在犹太复国主义主张上,伯林论证了缺乏祖国的犹太人在精神上的无归属状态以及由此造成的不自由,并进一步提出以色列建国为犹太人建设一个实体的和精神的归属地的主张,认为这是真正实现犹太人个人自由的基础。在实践中,伯林坚持自由多元主义的基本理念,反对犹太复国主义运动中一切形式的进攻性民族主义,主张以自由多元主义的民族理念推进巴以和平。     

例论壮、岱、侬等跨国民族的认同状况——以广西那坡县念井村为例

本文以广西那坡县念井村为田野调查点,考察当地壮、岱、侬等中越边境跨国民族的互动情况,分析各种认同的相互关系,从国家认同、民族认同、地域认同三个层面来加以表述,反映现代国家主义框架下跨国民族的发展演进历程.     

流动的困惑:跨国流动中的朝鲜族身份认同多元化

朝鲜族跨国人口流动及其规模在改革开放后的30多年中持续增长.在跌宕起伏、曲折多变的跨国流动中,在韩朝鲜族在不断改变其流动方式和生活环境的同时,实际也在改变着自己的社会关系和群体的归属结构,其归属感、价值观、认同感也在不断被打破和重塑.比起20世纪90年代末朝鲜民族“族性”的淡化与中国人的“国民性”的强化,21世纪前10年的后半期开始,由于韩国对朝鲜族政策环境的不断改善及朝鲜族本身的各种共时性的复杂身份,形成民族认同和国家认同的交错和张力,其身份认同呈现出日趋开放和多元的特点,这在某种程度上对国家认同的建构形成一定的冲击和挑战.     

美国公民跨国领养实践的发展与变化

通过对近年来有关人口数据的分析,论证半个多世纪以来美国公民在跨国领养实践上的发展与变化.这一变化与发展在空间和时间上的特点与二战后一系列重大的国际事件相吻合.国际领养现象背后有政治经济学方面的动因.另一方面,跨国领养所引起的人口迁徙不仅增加了美国族裔多样性的色彩,而且间接地推动了建设多元文化社会的运动及不同族裔间的相互了解.     

开放、和谐与族群跨国互动——以中国西南与东南亚国家边民跨国流动为中心的讨论

自20世纪50年代现代民族国家建构以来,中国西南与东南亚国家的边民跨国互动呈现出阶段性特征。随着中国与周边国家睦邻友好关系的不断巩固,以及改革开放的不断深入与经济建设的不断发展,中国西南与东南亚国家的边境族群跨国互动呈现出开放和谐与双赢互动的总体态势。     

21世纪加拿大多元文化主义:挑战与争论

重新检讨多元文化主义的价值,认为它是加拿大一个非常重要的政策。它的重要性不仅在于建构国家的认同,而且保证加拿大成为一个包容、平等和民主的社会。首先叙述多元文化主义的历史发展,着重多元文化主义之含义的蜕变。同时将探讨多元文化主义与其他加拿大价值观念(诸如平等和民主)的关系。最后认为须对多元文化主义的内涵加以扩大以容纳各种文化。唯有如此,每一个公民才能融入一个集体的意见交流过程,共商如何建构国家认同与国家主义。     

论跨界民族的社会认同

文章从国际政治的视角探讨了跨界民族的社会认同问题,指出跨界民族的社会认同的主要情形如和(和谐)而不同、由合(融合)而同、因同而合(融合)与不和(和谐)不同产生的条件与影响,认为跨界民族问题的解决,首先要促使跨界民族实现本土化的转型,实现适应-认同一融合,并在此基础上形成和谐的族群关系.     

Recycling the idea of race: socio-political agenda,transnational business culture,and diversity management in Brazil

ABSTRACT

This article intends to contribute to the line of studies that critically addresses diversity management, bringing the Brazilian experience into the discussion. It aims to demonstrate how large Brazilian companies and transnational corporations operating in the country have been recycling the idea of race in order to cope with the greatest politicisation of debates on the racial issue within the Brazilian public sphere since the late twentieth century. This phenomenon is related to changes in the political actions of the black movement in Brazil, which since the same period has been absorbing the new socio-political agenda existing within the global network of anti-racism advocacy. This is an agenda in which two purposes have a central importance: the battle against racial inequality and the demand for affirmative action policies. The data presented in this paper are part of broader research in which, by means of the biographical method and the ethnographic fieldwork, the social trajectories and career paths of two generations of Brazilian black executives were analysed.     

西南边境跨国婚姻子女的国家认同——以广西大新县隘江村为例

西南边境地区跨国婚姻子女的国家认同具有一定的特殊性.在国家归属方面,他们认同自己是中国人,但也为自己的母亲难以加入中国籍而遗憾;在政治认同方面,他们比同龄人冷漠;在法律认同方面,他们也面临一些迷茫.对于西南边境跨国婚姻所生子女在国家认同过程中遇到的特殊情况,需要给予更多的关注和研究.     

Transnationalism的中文翻译和使用

Transnationalism的中文翻译散见在各类学术论著中,有跨国主义、跨国网络、跨国理论、跨国民族主义、跨国性等等,该词使用范围极为广泛.我想关键词需要一个比较贴切的翻译,而更有意义的是在讨论过程中对某些相关研究领域的反思.本文除了讨论其中文翻译,将重点讨论海外交通史研究领域对于Transnationalism的使用.     

1.5 generation Asian migrants and intergenerational transnationalism: Thoughts and challenges from New Zealand

This article analyses New Zealand's post-1987 immigration patterns, specifically the arrival of East Asian professionals and their families, and their impact on the demographic and cultural composition of New Zealand society. The discussion addresses a specific and under-theorised category of migrants: school-aged children who migrate with their parents, identified as the ‘1.5 generation’. Focusing on the unique position and attributes of the 1.5 generation, it is posited that New Zealand's new intergenerational transmigrant communities seriously challenge conventional attempts to explain – and manage – migrant settlement and incorporation into host societies.     

Modes of engagement of immigrants with their home societies: types and measurements of engagement

The objective of this article is to review how transnational engagement has been traditionally measured and then offer a proposal for measurements corresponding to how immigrants perceive their transnational practices. Based on the traditional conceptual model of immigrant transnationalism, a system of indicators was developed in accordance with a broad and integral view of the connection with their home societies. This system of indicators was applied to an Andean sample population residing in the Basque Country, Spain, and analysed using factor analysis to produce an empirical model of engagement from the traditional conceptual one. Results show the importance of the private aspect of the relationships with origin and the existence of a continuum in the immigrant connection with their home countries that ranges from the personal to the community. Moreover, two types of intensity of this connection stand out: the first suggests a mere interest in the place of origin while the second implies an active connection with their home countries, both personal and community based.     

The transnational career aspirations of France’s high-achieving second-generation Maghrebi migrants

This article examines the mobility aspirations of France’s high-achieving second-generation Maghrebi migrants. Drawing on in-depth, open-ended interviews with students and graduates of grandes ecoles, prestigious higher education institutions, it delves into the career trajectories they intend to embark on beyond the French borders. Three distinct mobility projects are envisioned by the respondents. While some contemplate intensifying their ties with their parents’ homeland, others envisage moving to a ‘third space’ in which they have commonly lived during their studies and established strong connections. Another group of informants seek to set up hyper-mobile careers spanning multiple global-cities. The article suggests that the threat of discrimination and the desire to defy the nation-based assimilationist rhetoric frame the desire to set up transnational pathways. It further disentangles the role of educational resources, social capital in the places envisioned, as well as gender processes in informing these distinctive ways of engaging with the transnational among second-generation migrants. Lastly, the article examines the specific trajectories of respondents who intend to remain in France.     

‘I was forced here’: perceptions of agency in second generation ‘return’ migration to Tonga

Migrants’ adolescent children sometimes live for periods of time in their parents’ homeland; however, little attention has been paid to this in the literature on ‘return’ migration and transnationalism. This paper explores the experiences of overseas born Tongan youth spending time in high schools in Tonga, whether by choice or because they have been taken or sent due to concerns about their behaviour. The importance of these young people’s perceptions of agency in relation to their move is considered as a factor in their responses to their experiences in Tonga. Other factors shaping those experiences include their family situation, the school they attend and the wider attitudes in Tongan society towards these young people. The paper also considers the question of agency in relation to the cultural expectations these overseas born youth must learn to meet, which entail significant restrictions on their behaviour yet are also a means of strengthening their cultural identity and sense of belonging.     

Practising transnational citizenship: dual nationality and simultaneous political involvement among emigrants

Acceptance of dual citizenship allows migrants to naturalise in the country of residence (CoR) without giving up their former citizenship. For migrant sending countries the question emerges whether emigrants who acquire another citizenship are less attached to and politically active in the country of origin than those who do not. This would be the assumption of traditional perspectives on migration and citizenship. However, according to the transnational perspective neither multiple nationalities, nor participation in and identification with the CoR, preclude ongoing ties and participation back home. We test these perspectives with survey data on Swiss citizens residing in France, Germany, Italy and the US. Our results suggest that Swiss dual citizens abroad are not significantly less attached to and active in Switzerland than their mono national counterparts. Our data further supports the transnational perspective by showing not only simultaneity, but a mutually reinforcing relationship when transnational citizenship is practised. Identification with, and political participation in, the CoR positively relates to equivalent feelings and activities in the country of origin. Since dual citizenship sets the legal foundation for simultaneous involvement in two countries, it correctly assumes a central place in the study of transnational citizenship.     

Performing new identities: the community language of post-crisis Italian migrants in London

ABSTRACT

After the 2008 global crisis, Italy has experienced a relevant resumption of emigration. Tens of thousands of young Italians have chosen London as their favourite destination, giving rise to a new Italian community in the city. This article focuses on the transformation of migrants’ national identity and on a distinctive device of identity expression: language. Sample cases, extracted from a dataset collected for an original doctoral project, are used to explain how the insertion of English elements in speakers’ native language become the expression of the loss of pure national identity and of the renegotiation of transnational and migratory identities.