《发展高技术战略研究》评介

尹金华等同志的力著《发展高技术战略研究》已经由黑龙江科学技术出版社出版了。这是一项可喜可贵的研究成果。它系统地概括了世界各国发展高技术产业发展趋势,总结回顾了我国发展高技术的三个阶段、采用的模式以及发展高技术产业中存在的问题。通过国内外大量的资料研究,密切联系我国发展高技术的实际,对我国发展高技术产业的一系列战略构想、战略对策与战略措施作了有益的探索和尝试,在此基础上,建立了高技术重点发展领域的评价指标体系和评价模式。它的问世反映了作者的敏感和勇于探索的精神,具有很强的现实意义。     

中国高技术产业发展的区域性差异及原因分析

中国高技术产业呈现的非均衡发展格局是经济非均衡发展的一个结果,但高技术产业又是推动经济增长不可忽视的力量。因此,本文在对东部和中西部地区高技术产业进行比较的基础上,总结出了我国高技术产业区域差异的特征,并从地理、政策、技术转化以及创新能力等方面进行了剖析,以期能够通过对高技术产业的发展差异化的解读,挖掘出促进或阻碍高技术产业发展的实质性因素,从而更好地发挥高技术产业对国民经济的强大带动作用。     

当前经济领域存在的八大问题

20世纪80年代以来,在世界范围内迅猛地兴起了一场新技术革命浪潮。高新技术的研究、开发、利用,以及高技术产业的发展,已经成为当今国际竞争战略的关键和国家发展战略的重点。无论企业或国家要想在激烈的国际竞争中立于不败之地,就必须大力发展高科技,推进高技术产业化。我国政府提出了科教兴国的战略方针,作出了《加快科学技术的决定》,实施了《863计划》,并颁布了《当前优先发展的高技术产业化重点领域指南》等。     

我国军民两用高技术产业发展的现状、问题与对策

发展军民两用高技术产业是我国实现国防转轨、提高综合国力的重要战略措施。目前,我国军民两用高技术产业的发展现状不容乐观,在管理体制、运行机制、军民技术转移、融资渠道等方面存在诸多问题。为此,我国应在建立寓军于民的新体制、官民合作创新体制、政府采购机制、军民之间的技术转移机制、扶持中小企业的军民两用高技术创新计划等方面构建完善的政策体系。     

韩国高技术产业发展对中小企业的影响及对策

韩国高技术产业发展对中小企业的影响及对策肖文韩国中小企业的发展对国民经济增长有着非常重要的作用。但近几年来以高技术为先行条件的高技术产业的发展，对中小企业的生存条件带来了多种影响。本文就韩国中小企业在高技术产业中的参与状况及企业间的竞争所引起的企业比...     

《高技术与日本的国家战略》评介

由中国社会科学院日本研究所冯昭奎、蒋立峰、刘世龙同志撰写的《高技术与日本的国家战略》一书,最近已由东方出版社出版发行。 本书论述了日本高技术的发展和特点、日本国家战略的演变和实质,以及高技术发展与日本国家战略的关系,并对我国新技术革命对策提出了若干建议。     

生物产业:中国经济发展新的增长点

生物产业是当今国际上迅速发展的新兴高技术产业,是极富活力且具有先导性、战略性的产业.目前,生物产业出现了新的发展趋势:生物产业全球化日益明显;战略同盟成为生物产业发展的新模式;生物产业安全成为各国国家安全的关注点.中国加速发展生物产业具有广阔的市场;有资源优势,人才优势,且世界上发达国家在生物产业领域的知识产权尚未形成垄断.中国发展生物产业既存在机遇,也存在一些问题,要采取有力的措施,认真落实中国政府对生物产业的有关政策;提高自主创新能力,建立新型的生物产业研究基地;促进生物产业结构优化升级;完善生物企业融资环境.     

鼎力打造国际化航空维修企业——南航机务工程部沈阳飞机维修基地提升综合保障实力侧记

这里,就是新中国航空工业的摇篮、国家最重要的装备制造业基地,享有"东方鲁尔"美誉的航空之城——沈阳。未来沈阳的发展,已经将航空产业列为重点发展项目,将打造出航空产业千亿集群,成为沈阳的第一产业。坐落于沈阳民用航空国家级高技术产业基地的南航机务工程部沈阳飞机维修基地,由民航沈阳管理局机务大队不断发展、壮大而成。为适应南航战略转型发展的需要,2006年公司将其直接划归机务工程部管理,开始面向全南航提供服     

60年首都经济发展思路演变和成就评价

新中国成立60年来,北京的经济发展战略经历了一个艰难探索的过程。从首都经济战略的提出,到以生产性服务业、文化创意产业、高技术产业和现代制造业为核心的首都经济产业体系基本形成,再到人文北京、科技北京、绿色北京理念的产生,北京经济发展思路更加清晰,即按照科学发展观的要求,把以人为本、自主创新、生态文明摆在更加重要的位置,促进北京经济向高端化、知识化、总部化、绿色化方向发展,努力将北京建设成为经济发达、文化繁荣、社会和谐、生态良好的宜居城市和现代化的国际城市。     

人力资本与高技术产业集聚——以京津、长三角、珠三角为例的分析

目前高技术产业已在京津、长三角和珠三角形成了显著的产业集聚。本文通过考察这三个地区高技术产业集聚的现状与成因,从实证角度探讨了人力资本的重要作用。其中,特殊专业化人力资本是产品研发的主体,而一般专业化人力资本的分布也影响了高技术产业的区位选择。     

论我国东北老工业基地的改造战略

中央、地方、国有企业在东北老工业基地的改造中各自承担着相应的战略职责。中央政府要运用各种财政金融杠杆,推动产业结构的调整,推进审批权改革,促进老工业区统一市场的形成和对外开放;地方政府负责管理各项改造基金,推动老工业基地的技术改造,制定改造规划;国有企业要加快现代企业制度建设,实施科技创新。三方应在完善社会保障、促进就业等方面互联互动,通力合作。     

“两廊一圈”战略的优劣势之分析

“两廊一圈”战略的提出,是中越两国中期和长期经济合作的共同规划。“两廊一圈”是一个发展能力和地理战略潜力都很大的区域。这需要两国政府予以高度、全面、深刻而持久的关注,并通过具有优先性的实际行动计划体现出来。     

战略型科学家及其培养途径

科技和社会的发展对高层次人才有着新的需求及要求。战略型科学家的培养应得到高度和广泛的重视。战略型科学家有特定的内涵及条件 ,对科技、经济及社会的发展有特殊的作用。战略型科学家的成长和培养主要有三种途径 :一是从战略家到战略型科学家 ;二是从科学家到战略型科学家 ;三是科学家和战略型科学家同步成长     

对发展战略性新兴产业的几点思考

发展战略性新兴产业是后金融危机时期世界各国应对新一轮科技革命的共同选择。对战略性新兴产业概念的界定应突出＂战略性＂和＂新兴性＂;战略性新兴产业必须具备战略导向性、综合创新性、高速成长性、多重风险性、时空动态性、国际开放性和绿色低碳性等7大特征;发展战略性新兴产业应具备经济、产业和资源等基础条件、科技创新条件和体制、政策和法制等保障支撑条件。     

北京市现代制造业的产业组织结构分析

北京现代制造业的发展已有4年时间,对其发展状况和存在问题有必要从不同角度做出一个基本判断。本文主要从产业组织学的角度分析北京现代制造业产业组织结构的现状,探讨其存在的问题,并提出优化北京现代制造业产业组织的对策与建议。     

Creating High‐Technology Growth: High‐Tech Employment Growth in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1988–1998*

Objective. Growth in the share of high‐technology employment is critical to discussions of the postindustrial transition. Do new state and local technology policies create growth in the share of high‐technology employment? This article examines this question along with the effects of location and agglomeration advantages, identifying sources of qualitative growth in the U.S. economy. Methods. We examine change in the share of high‐technology employment in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States between 1988 and 1998. High‐technology employment is measured from the BLS Current Employment Statistics Survey. The scale of state and local technology policies are measured from a comprehensive survey of state and local technology programs. A generalized linear model (GLM) estimates the effects of technology policies along with regional proximity, location, and agglomeration factors. Results. Technology grant and loan programs and research parks have direct effects on the share of high‐technology employment, along with private venture capital firms and military R&D. Research parks also magnify the effects of private venture capital firms, while public venture programs and technology development policies compensate for agglomeration deficits. Rapid population growth provides a more conducive context for these policies but does not directly influence growth in the share of high‐technology jobs. Conclusion. State and local technology policies compensate for and magnify the effects of agglomeration advantages, indicating that state and local government can play a strategic role in high‐technology development.     

Capacity,control, and content: the supply of think tank policy advice in India

ABSTRACT

Despite growing research on policy advice, little is known about how and why the nature of policy advice varies. We hypothesize that examining policy capacity and control within the policy advisory system (PAS) is useful in this regard. We examine how government capacity, think tank capacity, and think tank autonomy influence the content of policy advice in India. We code policy advice based on content analysis of 60 knowledge products from think tanks in India and estimate policy capacity of government departments and think tanks based on their respective staff strengths and budgets. We find that the nature of policy advice, specifically whether it is long-term or short-term, varies based on think tank capacity as well as government capacity; high capacity think tanks tend to provide more long-term advice to high capacity governments. As the PAS within developing countries have less capacity to generate strategic policy advice, variations can be expected in the kinds of policy advice supplied by the PAS in developing countries vis-à-vis OECD countries. Thus, the PAS literature can be extended to developing countries by studying the dynamics between the content of advice, capacity, and control.     

On the supply of China's healthcare resources in a decentralized healthcare system

The structure of China's current governance bears prominent features of fiscal decentralization. The supply of healthcare resources in China has clearly witnessed slower growth in the last two decades during which the fiscal decentralization process has taken place. Using China's provincial panel data, we examine the determinants of healthcare resource supply while paying particular attention to the role of fiscal decentralization. We find that the supply of healthcare resources is inversely related to the degree of decentralization, which, using spatial econometrics, is attributed to the presence of strategic substitutes in healthcare spending across city governments. These findings have important implications for policy makers in making fiscal arrangements among different government tiers.     

促进我国电子政务发展的对策研究

随着计算机技术和网络通讯技术日新月异的发展,实施电子政务,建设＂电子政府＂,推进政府办公自动化、网络化、信息化,全面实现政府信息资源共享、政务公开,已成为各国政府共同追求的目标。本文从电子政务的概念和内涵以及我国电子政务的现状入手,深入剖析了我国电子政务建设中存在的主要问题,并在此基础上提出了相应的策略。     

Trade and innovation policies: Coexistence and spillovers

The debate over trade’s role in growth and inequality in recent years seems to center on the question of whether the gains from trade are worth the disruption from necessary adjustments. In particular static gains from trade for advanced economies are generally estimated to be small, while empirical evidence around growing employment and inequality challenges suggest trade’s role may be larger than previously thought, though still only one of many contributing factors. The focus on static gains though likely understates substantially the dynamic gains, as trade’s role in spurring faster economic growth, in both developed and developing countries through competitive and innovative forces. The dynamic, competition and innovation angle suggests a need for industrial policies to be revisited and examine how spillovers play out in the global economy. At the same time significant technological disruption is occurring through digital technology, big data, and machine learning/AI techniques that often require advanced capabilities and have significant competition implications. In recent COVID-19 pandemic policy responses governments have dramatically increased spending and liquidity to support stressed firms and households and encouraged many countries to consider strategic efforts to build certain domestic capabilities with the aim of reducing dependence on trade for emergency related goods and services. This paper provides insights on the specific role of innovation policies, and they differ from and are similar to traditional industrial policies, and what that might mean for future trade rules.