20世纪50年代的妇女解放和男女义务平等：中国城市夫妻的经历与感受

毛泽东时代的妇女解放和男女平等实践在中外学术界引起很大争 议。一方面人们看到共产党运用法律、行政和舆论手段以确保妇女与 男子享有平等的权利和机会,大大缩小了妇女在婚姻、就业和受教育程 度等方面与男子的差距;另一方面也指出上述方面持续存在的种种不 平等以及平等措施后面隐藏的事实上的不平等。1令学者困惑的是,20 世纪50年代,男女在婚姻、就业和受教育程度等差距最大,但是中国妇 女,尤其是城市妇女对妇女解放的认同感却最强(Croll,1995;Rofel,     

20世纪50年代上海评弹团工资制研究

20世纪50年代,上海评弹团的工资变化情况体现了绝对固化与相对调节的时代特征,这一时代特征是国家政策在戏剧团体运营上的烙印。然剧团亦有能动性———对既定制度“适度损益”,只不过该权力掌握在剧团领导手中。关注剧团领导人,对于解析社会百态、总结时代特征意义重大。     

五十至七十年代文学中文化“审父”心理分析

中国传统文化结构中并不具备现代性文化审父意识发生的条件。现代中国知识分子的文化审父意识在五四新文化运动中集中崛起,由此带来了五四新文学运动以来中国文学中强烈的现代性文化审父意识。但在20世纪50-70年代文学语境中,这种现代性文化审父意识受到主流话语权力的压抑,仅作为残存的文化审父情结蛰伏于当时中国作家群体文化心理结构的深层。在当时主流文学的父子冲突叙事话语中,要么不具备现代性文化意蕴,要么其中隐含的现代性文化审父意识被主流话语所置换、消解或遮蔽。而在百花文学和地下文学的父子冲突叙事中,却集中表现了接受过五四启蒙精神影响的中国当代作家的现代性文化审父意识或情结,虽然尚未构成大潮,但已然为新时期文学中审父潮流的出现埋下了历史伏笔。     

Deinstitutionalization and vocational rehabilitation for mental health consumers in Nova Scotia since the 1950s

In this paper we explore the broader policy determinants of the de-hospitalization of mental patients in Nova Scotia between the 1950s and 1980s and trace the background to the development of occupational rehabilitation programs in the community. For employment programs, the government chose to rely on non-profit NGOs as the suppliers of services. As a case study of such an organization, we examine the evolution of LakeCity Employment Services Association as a resource for people living with mental disabilities.     

性别失衡背景下农民工心理失范的性别差异研究

本文从角色视角,利用调查数据,分析性别失衡背景下农民工心理失范的性别差异及其机制。研究发现,性别、婚姻状况和与“养家糊口”相关的社会角色及特征对农民工的心理失范具有显著影响,其中,男性的心理失范程度要比女性严重,婚姻状态对农民工的心理失范影响没有性别差异,与“养家糊口”相关的社会角色及特征对农民工心理失范的影响存在性别差异。研究进一步发展了暴露差异理论与脆弱性差异理论,认为社会角色与性别角色变迁的不一致导致了角色紧张的出现,从而导致心理失范及其影响因素的性别差异。     

二十世纪五十至七十年代两次中西部开发对内地城市化的影响

新中国在20世纪50年代至70年代对中西部地区进行了两次大规模的开发。一次是“一五”计划中以156项工程为核心,对东北和中西部地区的开发;另一次则是在三线建设期间大规模的对中西部地区的开发。两次开发投入了大量的人力、物力和财力,在内陆地区建立了许多重要的工业企业,改变了千百年来我国内地几乎没有工业特别是重工业的历史,大大推动了我国内地的工业化进程。不仅对内地的经济建设起了巨大的推动作用,而且也对其城市化发展起了很大的促进作用。     

Psychiatric nursing in the Netherlands and Great Britain: class,status and gender in the making of a profession

ABSTRACT

In most Western countries psychiatric nursing, from the late nineteenth century onwards, developed as a specialization under medical supervision and within one general training scheme for all nurses. In the Netherlands as well as in the United Kingdom (UK), this occupation, initiated by psychiatrists, more or less distanced itself from somatic nursing. A comparison of the twentieth-century development of psychiatric nursing in these two countries shows similarities in its basic conditions and some of the problems it faced, but also some remarkable differences, which are largely of a social nature. We argue that Dutch mental health nurses, in cooperation with asylum doctors rather than in opposition to them, succeeded in establishing a stronger professional identity than their British colleagues: earlier in time and to a greater extent they had opportunities to voice their views on their work and to define the social and didactic nature of their vocation. Our explanation of these national contrasts focuses on gender, class and social status, which had dissimilar effects in the two countries because of some fundamental differences in the hierarchies and religious affiliations of institutional psychiatry as well as in the more general class structure of the Netherlands and the UK.