瓦提莫的后现代解释学

G.瓦提莫(Gianni Vattimo)是意大利当代著名哲学家和文化批评家,是解释学在当代意大利的代表人物,现执教于都灵大学,任哲学教授。二十多年来,瓦提莫发表了多部关于施莱尔马赫、尼采和海德格尔的注释、研究著作,同时是伽达默尔《真理与方法》一书的翻译者。其最近的论著有:《现代性的终结:后现代文化中的虚无主义和解释学》、《作为共同语     

领悟马克思的解释学哲学理论

从某种意义上说,马克思哲学就是一种解释学哲学理论.在这一理论领域,马克思不仅先于狄尔泰完成现代方法论解释学的创立,而且先于海德格尔完成解释学的本体论转变,同时,贯穿马克思一生理论活动的是他独特的批判解释学.因此,在谈论解释学这一哲学理论时,马克思是一个无法绕过去的名字.     

解释学在二十世纪

作者在文中通过勾勒海德格尔、伽达默尔和利科的解释学理论而回顾了解释学在本世纪的突破性发展。作者认为，二十世纪是解释学繁荣与发展的决定性时期。而海德格尔的解释学则在其中起了重要作用，它将方法论的解释学理论发展为一个基础的存在论问题，第一次将解释看作人类存在的一种基本形式。伽达默尔关于解释学的语言性和历史性的思想则使解释学最终顺理成章地成为一种实践哲学。利科的解释学则通过揭示理解的中介性和理解对象的文本性，使得方法论完全合法地成为哲学解释学的一个不可缺少的组成部分。     

语言-认识论抑或宇宙论——如何解释柏拉图的《克拉提洛斯》

<正>一、施莱尔马赫与《克拉提洛斯》问题在柏拉图的35部对话中,《克拉提洛斯》(Kratylos)是一部非常令人费解的作品。早在施莱尔马赫(F.Schleiermacher)翻译柏拉图文集之时,他就在《克拉提洛斯》的"引论"中谈道,这部对话给"柏拉图的朋友们带来了极大的困难"(P228)。根据施莱尔马赫的说法,《克拉提洛斯》带来的困     

西方解释学的历史演进及其最新发展

施莱尔马赫把解释学引进哲学,使解释学成为一种普遍的解释工具和方法论,其缺陷在于忽略了理解内容中所包含的真理,把理解活动看作原作者意图的重构,看作一种客观的静止的认识活动,从而陷入笛卡尔式的二元对立之中。狄尔泰认为精神科学共同建立在人内心的体验的基础上,因而比自然科学更有理由成为一种科学,解释是我们把握精神世界的必要程序和方法;但他天真地抱有历史客观主义的想法,忘记了理解精神客观化存在的人本身的历史性,成为一种秘密的实证主义。海德格尔使解释学经历了一场真正的本体论转向,他认为人的本质就是生存,生存中必有领会,此在具有前理解和解释学循环的生存论结构。伽达默尔在海德格尔的基础上进一步总结了哲学解释学的基本特征,形成了作为本体论的哲学解释学。伽达默尔之后,哈贝马斯进一步发展了解释学理论,形成了一种批判解释学或者叫做深层解释学。     

当代西方法律解释学中的争论

法律解释学是解释学的一个重要分支，在当代西方很有影响。本文测重介绍法律解释学在近年来的发展，特别是西方学者就法律解释学内部的一些重大问题所展开的争论，以便读者深化对这一学科的了解。     

解构主义-后现代主义-解释学之交汇

解构主义、后现代主义和解释学是凸显于当代思想论坛的三大思潮,看起来三种思潮互无关联、毫不相干,但事实上,三种思潮之间不仅有千丝万缕的联系,而且还互相交汇、互相促进.解构主义脱胎于解释学,解构主义和解释学是后现代主义的前提或思想前导和方法,而后现代主义亦促进了解构主义和解释学的发展,当代所有解构主义、解释学之作品概无例外地归为后现代主义.     

伽达默尔的哲学解释学简论

伽达默尔的哲学解释学 ,是在胡塞尔现象学尤其是海德格尔存在论的影响下 ,在批判狄尔泰等人的传统解释学基础上建立起来的。这种解释学赋予理解以本体性 ,并提出了关于理解的条件、本质、结果和方式等解释学原则。其实 ,理解及相应的语言并不具有本体性 ,而具有认识性 ,尤其是认识的方法性。     

“解释学转向”,还是“解释的转向”?——关于现代西方科学哲学走向的思考

本文通过对理解与解释的关系及科学哲学的历史进程的分析 ,对国内学术界一种流行的见解———科学哲学发展中出现了“解释学转向”———提出质疑 ,认为科学哲学发展进程中历史主义学派实现的并不是“解释学转向” ,而是“解释的转向”。     

此在在其当下性的解释道路——海德格尔《存在论:实际性的解释学》解读

在1923年题为《存在论:实际性的解释学》的讲座中,海德格尔提出,解释学讨论的主题不是已经死去的学术文本,而是文本背后每一个当下的此在生存。由此他认定,解释学的真正学术任务是将此在在其自身中的存在基本特性中显现出来。此在不是实体性的"人",任何此在生存都只是在一定的时间、地点和现实条件下的在此生存。此在之"此"是被证伪的在场性。所以,不要简单地说无"此"的一般人的"人"和"个人","个人"生存总是已经处于一种今日的公众被解释状态之中的。此在在公众闲言中表达方式就是今日作为教化出现的历史意识和哲学意识。存在论意义上的解释学就是要"揭示在这种具体的对所形成的真实现象正确的看",即看到此在在其存在特征中的"此"。     

理解历史性的诠释学解读——从施莱尔马赫与黑格尔说起

从诠释的角度看 ,对理解的理解 ,施莱尔马赫走了“重构”之路 ,即重构作者的原意 ;黑格尔走了“综合”之路 ,即过去和现时生命的思维性沟通。二者的对立凸现了理解历史性在诠释学中的核心地位。同时 ,也表现出二者在历史意识、理解的对象及理解者问题上的差异     

A Brief Discussion of the Generation of Meaning in Literary Works: A Hermeneutic Examination

The sources of meanings of literary works can be reviewed from various angles, one of which should be hermeneutics. Since the mid-20^th century, Western hermeneutics developed two important types of theories: one was the ontological hermeneutics from Martin Heidegger to Hans-Georg Gadamer, orientated towards the reader-centered theory in terms of the view of meanings; the other was the “hermeneutics as the general methodology of the Geisteswissenschaften” represented by Italian philosopher Emilio Betti, which affirmed that the author (subject) was one of the important sources of meanings of works. Due to intricate reasons, the latter exerted less influence, and Gadamer’s ontological hermeneutics firmly stuck to a mainstay position in European and American academia. Since the 1990s, the circle of literature in China has also been greatly influenced by the hermeneutic theories from Heidegger and Gadamer to reception aesthetics, and Betti’s impact almost can be neglected. Consequently, the view of meanings of literary works from the perspective of the reader-centered theory has been widely accepted, and the role of the author to endow initial meanings to his works was belittled and even denied. Since Zhang Jiang advanced the theory of “imposed interpretation” in 2014, academia has begun to reflect upon the one-sidedness of the reader-centered theory (relativism and subjectivism), and pick up the significance, which cannot be denied, of the author’s meaning in the generation of meanings of literary works. In reference to Betti’s hermeneutic train of thought and methodology, this essay, based on the practice of literary creation, concludes that the meaning of a literary work is created by the author and readers together in their interaction, and constantly generated in the dynamic process of the three factors of author, literary texts and readers, rather than by the author alone, or by readers solely.     

“批判诠释论”视角下的“争吵”事件——一个国际项目实施中的冲突与转向

摘要：社会工作是承载“强烈价值”的专业实践,而“强烈价值”的介入,常常伴随着冲突,其背后正是“批判诠释论”所强调的“理解”与“沟通”的缺失。从“批判诠释论”角度看,“争吵”是彼此缺乏沟通与理解的产物,是实践“沟通互动论”中相对激烈的讨论形式,在一定程度上说明项目“充权”存在异化,专业关系中带有压迫的痕迹。依照“批判诠释论”的社会工作范式,坚固项目过程中平等合作的角色定位,立足自我觉醒与最大可能的相互理解,通过最大限度的沟通对话,才能营造真正意义上的社区。     

Relational Aggression and Victimization in Young Adults' Romantic Relationships: Associations with Perceptions of Parent, Peer, and Romantic Relationship Quality

This study had three goals: (a) To investigate gender differences in relational aggression and victimization within young adults' romantic relationships, (b) to investigate associations between romantic relational aggression and victimization and perceptions of romantic relationship quality, and (c) to explore parent and peer predictors of romantic relational aggression and victimization. College students (70 females and 34 males) completed self‐reports of romantic relational aggression and victimization, and parent, peer, and romantic relationship quality. Men and women reported equal levels of romantic relational aggression, and men reported higher levels of victimization than women. Aggression and victimization were positively correlated with negative romantic relationship qualities and negatively correlated with positive relationship qualities. Regression analyses indicated that both romantic relational victimization and romantic relational aggression explained variance in romantic relationship quality. There were several significant associations between parent and peer relationship quality and romantic relational aggression and victimization, which suggest that poor relationships with parents and peers may play a role in the development and maintenance of these behaviors.     

Action as a Text: Gadamer's Hermeneutics and the Social Scientific Analysis of Action

This paper argues that Gadamer's hermeneutics offers a methodological perspective for social and political theory that overcomes the impasse created by the dichotomy between the positivist and humanist approaches to social action. Both the positivists'attempt to replace the actors'subjective concepts with the objective concepts of the social scientist and the humanists'attempt to describe meaningful action strictly in the social actors'terms have been called into question in contemporary discussions. Gadamer's approach, which is based on the hermeneutical method of textual interpretation, offers an alternative to both the positivist and humanist perspectives. Gadamer argues that understanding a text involves the fusing of the conceptual schemes of author and interpreter. Relying on Ricoeur's analysis of the parallels between actions and texts, it is argued that this understanding of the process of textual interpretation can be profitably applied to the analysis of social action. This application, furthermore, provides a means of analyzing social action that transcends the dichotomy between the positivist and humanist approaches. Gadamer's approach legitimizes the imposition of the observer's conceptual scheme without denying the constitutive role of the social actors'concepts.     

日常生活的法律性——法律思维与日常思维的关系

在哲学解释学兴起以后,法学家已开始将独断解释与探究解释的方法结合起来使用,思维的融贯性被抬到很高的位置,传统的解释理论已被论证理论所取代。但从法律思维的主流倾向看,法律思维仍然表现为在不背离法治原则的前提下对法律灵活运用。解释学的转向并没有从根本上摆脱根据法律进行思维的模式。这构成了日常思维与法律思维的根本区别。日常思维与法律思维的界限并不是恒定的,在法治社会中二者是相互影响并不断变化的,但这种变换主要是通过提升日常生活的法律性来实现的。     

“自我的道德地形学”——一个具有心理学和社会学意涵的本体诠释学理论

在当今中国,社会学、心理学研究领域中所强调的“文化自觉”的旨趣在于凸显文化主体性以及文化间的和平沟通。“自我的道德地形学”无疑对这一旨趣具有独特的理论启示意义,它构成了C.泰勒的巨著《自我的根源》的主体部分,并在其诠释学思想中占有基础地位。“自我的道德地形学”首先是作为一个心理学理论被提出来的,而它的社会学意涵在以其为基础的、C.泰勒的著名政治理论论文“承认的政治”中充分地得以展现。鉴于这一理论以兼具心理学和社会学意涵的本体论诠释为基础,对错综复杂的历史经验具有条分缕析的阐释力,因此,作者认为,对该理论所具有的启示意义予以深刻地把握,对中国社会学、心理学在方兴未文的跨学科文化研究领域建构基础性的平台具有重要意义。     

回归、新变与泛化 --论20世纪40年代浪漫主义思潮

在20世纪40年代的特殊环境中,浪漫主义思潮因重新获得了较大的自由空间而呈现回归之势.郭沫若重新评价浪漫主义,在创作上取得了浪漫主义历史剧的丰收;在一般的现实主义文学观念中,开始融合浪漫主义的因素;在不同的区域还出现了各具特色的带有浪漫主义成分的创作.40年代浪漫主义思潮的回归,涉及社会情势变化与文学发展的关系.它作为一种文学现象,具有内在的统一性和自己的特点,其昭示的文学发展规律值得人们深思.