虐待儿童入刑问题研究

虐待忽视儿童是一个严重的国际性的公共社会问题,它既可导致儿童躯体伤害、疼痛和伤残,也可引起心理精神障碍、生长发育落后等问题,因此越来越多地受到政府部门、非政府组织及公众的关注。儿童心理虐待严重影响个体身心健康发展,甚至影响家庭、学校和社会的和谐。     

虐待对儿童归因风格的影响

采用儿童虐待量表和儿童归因风格问卷,对790名中学生调查儿童期的虐待经历对其归因风格的影响特点进行分析。结果表明,(1)儿童中存在一定比例的儿童虐待现象,且儿童虐待与家庭氛围和家庭情况存在显著性差异。(2)儿童虐待与归因风格是有显著相关的。其中,儿童虐待的情感忽视维度与归因风格的内归因是显著负相关,与归因风格的外归因呈现显著正相关;儿童虐待会预测其归因风格。     

香港防止虐待儿童会的30年

从早期直接介入防止虐待孩子的行动．儿童会慢慢进入儿童保护的新里程．即意识到心理、情绪的健康成长对儿童同样重要。     

儿童虐待强制责任报告制度之研究——基于台湾地区的政策文本分析

儿童虐待是我国亟须重视的社会问题,发展强制责任报告制度已是当务之急。通过政策文本的分析,探讨我国台湾地区儿童虐待强制责任报告制度的内容及存在的问题。借鉴我国台湾地区的经验,我国内地应完善儿童虐待强制责任报告制度的立法体系;确定主管机关;加快民间组织的发展;加强对民众通报知识的宣传和责任人的培训;确认社工的主责地位,加快社工人力的培育。     

西方儿童虐待成因的发展生态模型理论研究述评

发展生态模型是西方儿童虐待成因研究的重要理论框架,但国内对此缺少系统性介绍。该理论认为,儿童虐待产生自互动个体与嵌套生态系统层面间的交互影响,它主要以生态系统理论为理论基础,并以“生态整合模型”和“生态交互模型”为代表性理论模型。该理论具有重要的方法论意义,它可促使研究者突破单因素变量研究的窠臼,并转向多因素共构视角去理解儿童虐待成因;同时,也为儿童虐待治理实践提供了多因素和多层次的系统干预视角。该理论的出现丰富了儿童虐待研究者的理论想象力,可为我国家庭、学校等场域的儿童虐待和儿童保护研究和干预提供启示。     

社会工作介入受虐儿童问题探析

儿童受虐的现象一直存在于我们的生活中,在构建和谐社会的时代背景下,这个问题已经引起了越来越多人的关注,并且成为社会工作的重点内容。由于儿童虐待的形式多样,社会介入其中面临着很多困境,这需要明确分析儿童虐待问题产生的原因,并且有针对性地对不同情况的虐待问题采取相应的措施,让越来越多的人参与到工作中来,最终取得明显的成效。     

美国儿童保护制度的历史演进

回顾美国儿童保护制度的历史轨迹,不难发现,它最早可以追溯到17世纪初的殖民时期,至今已有四百多年的历史。美国的儿童保护制度大致经历了萌芽时期、形成时期、过渡时期和现代化时期四个历史阶段。从最初零星的保护到民间组织发挥主导作用,从儿童保护的低潮到政府发挥主导作用,美国儿童保护制度历史演进中蕴含着丰富的社会、经济和文化内涵。     

我国未成年人法律保护制度存在的问题及完善构想

未成年人法律制度的建立和完善对于未成年人保护至关重要.我国现行的未成年人法律制度尚存在亟待完善的不足之处,在立法上法律制度不健全、法律规范不够具体;在司法中处理案件的理念比较落后,处罚措施和处理程序简单;在执法方面,没有独立的执法机构,职责不明确,缺乏统一协调的机制,难以形成"齐抓共管"的局面.     

完善金融生态法律制度的思考

在金融生态中,无论是解决市场失灵还是避免政府失灵,都倚重法律制度手段。但不同的法律制度对金融生态的影响差别巨大。完善金融法律制度,就是改善金融生态结构,增强金融生态功能,提高金融生态的生产力。     

Child Sexual Abuse Cases: Implementing a Specialist Judicial List

The damage done to children who are subjected to sexual abuse and the often lengthy delays in the resolution of these matters by the child welfare and legal systems is well documented. With this in mind, the Children's Court in Victoria established for 12 months in 2013 a pilot specialised judicial list (the “D” List) as an intensive case-management approach to more effectively respond to child sexual abuse concerns. The evaluation of the pilot aimed both to review the effectiveness of the list in terms of court functioning, and to provide information about the nature of such cases coming to court, the ages and family circumstances of subject children, decisions made and factors associated with these decisions, and the challenges related to management of and decision-making about such cases. The success of the specialist list has seen it extended to regional courts, because it is a more effective approach to managing and deciding this complex class of cases.     

中国儿童保护制度建设论纲

推进公权力对家庭育儿过程的干预,积极预防和有效应对家庭内的儿童虐待问题,是儿童保护制度的重要价值追求,也是现代国家的共同努力。中国在政治上高度重视儿童保护,并在法律层面为儿童保护制度的实践提供了基本框架,但儿童保护的相关法律规定不够健全、具体、可操作,儿童保护制度缺乏相应的社会政策与服务基础,缺乏有力的组织机构保障。我国儿童保护制度的发展,要在不断健全法制、强化组织机构的同时,致力于建立健全面向儿童及其家庭的监护监督制度、监护支持制度、监护替代制度等国家监护制度,发展并完善一系列儿童保护服务,全面落实国家之于儿童的监护责任。     

Depressive Symptomatology and Child Abuse in Adolescents with Behavioral Problems

This study focused on the self-reported experience of depressive symptomatology and child abuse in a sample of adolescents with severe behavioral problems. The sample comprised 81 adolescents, from 11 to 18 years of age: 46 boys (56.8%) and 35 girls (43.2%), who at the time of the study were placed under supervision of a Family Supervision Agency or were receiving Youth After-Care and Resettlement Service. An anonymous questionnaire was used, measuring reports of experiences of child abuse (physical abuse, sexual abuse, low care), and reports of depressive symptoms, generally consistent with the criteria listed in the DSM IV for the diagnosis of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE). It was shown that a considerable proportion of the behavioral-problem adolescents reported depressive symptoms and/or had experienced child abuse. Furthermore it appeared that most of the experiences of child abuse in the group with depressive symptomatology referred to multiple forms of child abuse rather than to a single form of abuse. The results suggest that in the group of behavioral-problem adolescents a subgroup of youngsters exists that is characterized by concurrent depressive symptomatology, which can be clearly distinguished from those without concurrent depressive symptomatology, by their reports of child abuse. Implications for prevention and intervention for this subgroup of adolescents with multiple problems are discussed.     

Secrecy Surrounding the Physical Abuse of Child Athletes in Australia

Over the past two decades there has been a growing awareness that sport may not be a positive experience for all children. For example, we know that some children experience sexual abuse in the context of organised sport, and that these offences are often committed by trusted adults, including coaches and club officials. However, less attention has been given to the physical abuse of child athletes. This paper presents a study that explored children's experiences of organised sport, as recounted by young people between the ages of 18 and 25 years in Australia. The study explored the experience of child physical abuse in organised sport including violence, overtraining, and training while injured. A mixed methods research design produced 107 survey responses and 10 in-depth interviews with young adults. Most respondents reported the positive impact that participating in sport had had on their development, but more than a third of the respondents also described experiences of overtraining, being forced to train when injured or of direct physical violence. Drawing upon a thematic analysis of the qualitative data, a conceptual model has been developed and is presented to assist in the understanding of the dynamic of secrecy, which may facilitate ongoing physical harm to children in this context.     

Relationship Therapy with Child Victims of Sexual Abuse Placed in Residential Care

Child sexual abuse victims placed in residential care present a dilemma for residential staff. Behaviors exhibited by these youth are difficult to understand and treat. Despite efforts made by staff, acting out behavior continues. This article focuses on understanding these behaviors from a relationship perspective. The combination of abuser-victim dichotomy, identification with the aggressor, self-blame, and perverse object contact are seen in the child's relationships. Staff should recognize that a child's relationship problems are not the result of their interventions, but residue of the child's past abuse. Understanding the relationship problems experienced by these youth provides means for reframing these behaviors and directing interventions.     

The Co-Occurrence of Child Abuse and Domestic Violence: An Issue of Service Delivery for Social Service Professionals

In order to add to the growing literature on intergenerational rates of family violence, data were collected from a community-based child abuse agency. The study's purpose was to compare the co-occurrence of child abuse/neglect (CAN) and domestic violence (DV), and the prevalence of CAN and parent's childhood history of abuse. Data were collected from 537 families through intake and subsequent interviews in an attempt to determine the relationship among CAN and DV, and CAN and parent's childhood history of abuse. A chi-square analysis indicated significant relationships among these variables. Of the participants in this sample, 48.9% had experienced both CAN and DV. These results also indicated that 66.3% of participants had a childhood history of CAN and were currently experiencing issues of CAN with their own children. Logistic regression was utilized to examine whether families involved with Child Protective Services (CPS) were at higher risk for DV and/or parental childhood history of CAN. The results indicate that CPS-involved families were approximately three times as likely to have a parent reporting a childhood history of CAN but were not at significantly higher odds for DV. Implications for service delivery are discussed.     

The Use of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory in the Assessment of Parents involved in Care Proceedings

Assessing for potential physical abuse is a fundamental task for those professionals undertaking assessments of parents involved in care proceedings. One tool developed to help assist in this endeavour is the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory (Milner, 1980 , 1986 ). The CAP Inventory provides an estimate of parental risk of child abuse and is one of the most widely used psychometric tools by psychologists in child protection settings. This review evaluates the psychometric properties of this measure and provides an overview of its potential uses, as well as its limitations. It concludes that there is evidence to support the validity and reliability of the CAP Inventory for use in care proceedings. Specifically, the review indicates that the CAP Inventory has good levels of reliability and validity (construct, content and concurrent). The only aspect of validity for which there is a lack of evidence is that of predictive validity and this is due to a dearth of prospective studies. Given the above, the practical, clinical and ethical implications for the use of the CAP Inventory in the assessment of parents involved in care proceedings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Citing Literature

Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 3

• Amanda H. Costello, Natalie J. Shook, Nancy M. Wallace, Cheryl B. McNeil, Examining factors associated with elevated Lie Scale responding on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Child Abuse & Neglect, 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.10.009, 76 , (56-64), (2018). Crossref
• Jane V. Appleton, Peter Sidebotham, Physical Abuse of Children, Child Abuse Review, 10.1002/car.2505, 26 , 6, (405-410), (2017). Wiley Online Library
• Jane V. Appleton, Working Alongside One Another…, Child Abuse Review, 10.1002/car.2416, 24 , 5, (313-316), (2015). Wiley Online Library

Volume 24 , Issue 5 September/October 2015

Pages 332-345     

Ecological Correlates of Child Maltreatment: Similarities and Differences Between Child Fatality and Nonfatality Cases

The rate of fatal child maltreatment is increasing, and differentiating between risk factors for fatal as opposed to nonfatal maltreatment is essential to developing prevention programs. This exploratory retrospective study utilizes case record analysis to examine four categories of correlates for child maltreatment: 1) parent/caregiver factors, 2) child factors, 3) environmental/situational factors, and 4) maltreatment incident factors. Thirty-eight fatality cases are compared to a matched group of nonfatality cases to determine which factors are related to fatality in a large Southwestern metropolitan area. The results provide a profile of characteristics that may place a child at higher risk of fatal maltreatment.     

The History of Child Sexual Abuse Prevention: A Practitioner's Perspective

ABSTRACT

This article examines the history and current condition of child sexual abuse prevention efforts in the United States, emphasizing the perspective of those engaged in developing and working in such programs. The author argues that child sexual abuse prevention programs had built-in challenges given the topical area as well as the rapid growth of such programs combined with a paucity of resources and, initially, research, to support and inform its growth. Common criticisms of child sexual abuse prevention programs are examined and alternative explanations are postulated to explain certain weaknesses of programs. Finally, the author challenges researchers to broaden their research of sexual abuse prevention efforts beyond single population, single variable (such as knowledge gain) designs to understand more fully what is currently being done nationally to prevent the sexual abuse of children. Additionally, clear broad-based support for prevention in the wider field of child abuse is encouraged to build on the successes of prevention efforts.