大学毕业生就业问题与政策研究

青年失业是世界各国的普遍现象,也是一个全球性的社会问题。在经济不断发展的今天,大学毕业生就业问题越来越严峻,成为中国政府日益重视的现实课题。大学毕业生就业难具有多重因素。经济增长方式不协调和高校教育模式的计划性与就业的市场化之间的矛盾成为就业困难的主要原因。由于就业困难。一些用人单位人才高消费和大学毕业生沦为边缘群体事件频发。2012年,第一批“90后”大学生步入就业市场,未来的大学毕业生的就业问题就是“90后”的就业问题,大学生的发展问题也就是“90后”的发展问题。因此,要研究“90后”大学生的发展特点,建立与完善大学毕业生就业的法律保障体系、就业社会政策和创业教育制度等相关政策势在必行。     

大学毕业生“佛系”就业的生成逻辑及引导策略

大学毕业生“佛系”就业是人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展这一主要矛盾在大学毕业生就业工作中的具体体现,是物质生活提高的前提下,在现代主义思潮影响下,在解决自我同一性的危机过程中,大学毕业生面对压力竞争显现的“内卷化”的自我保护。大学毕业生“佛系”就业看似“云淡风轻”,实则与党的十九大提出的“高质量”就业相差甚远,需要从宏观、中观、微观维度加以引导。     

大学毕业生就业满意度及政府应对措施

解决大学毕业生的就业，政府应在宏观上迅速提升我国产业价值链在国际中的地位，并在国内努力转变生产方式，创造出更多具有高智能、高技能、高专业技术知识的岗位。大学生除基本能力外．还需培养快捷的角色转换能力，客观的信息挖掘和整理利用能力，健康的求职心理适应能力。因此，大学生要增强对就业的自信，具有敢于竞争的勇气；政府应建立就业指导机构，设置经过国家考核合格的职业就业指导师并规范化运作。     

河北省大学生就业现状研究

2012年,河北省的高校毕业生将达到35万人,加上中专、技校毕业生可达40万人,就业形势不容乐观。在这样严峻的形势下,河北省要实现大学生充分就业,须从政府、社会、高校和用人单位等各方面抓起。     

高就业率下的大学生就业质量问题探讨

就业质量问题不仅是大学生个人问题,也是教育问题更是社会问题,不仅关系到个人前途,也关系到高等学校的生存和发展,更关系到高等教育健康发展和社会协调发展。文章分析了当前部分高校毕业生就业质量现状及影响因素,对高校重视高就业率的同时如何提高毕业生就业质量的对策进行了探讨。     

促进上海高校毕业生就业的建议

为促进高校毕业生就业,上海需继续推进职业教育发展,完善就业技能培训体系,促使就业培训市场化,全面提升高校毕业生的就业能力。支持中小企业发展,教育学生改变轻视中小企业的成见,促使其改变就业观念;解决中小企业融资难的问题,通过优惠政策鼓励其吸纳高校毕业生。发挥高校就业指导中心提供就业服务的主渠道功能,推动高校就业指导服务机构建设;增加对非重点院校就业促进工作的资金支持;注重专业设置与产业发展之间有效衔接的长期规划。激励高校学生通过实习增加实践经验,增加社会实践学分的比重,严格执行学分认定标准;开设实践知识讲堂,为学生储备实习知识。     

关注大学生就业问题,谋求地方高师院校长足发展

通过对地方高师院校毕业生就业形势的深入分析,剖析了引发地方高师院校毕业生就业难的内因和外因。从学校长足发展的角度,对地方高师院校的教育、管理和服务提出了改进措施。     

高校毕业生城乡基层就业的长效机制研究

大学生基层就业既是缓解大学生就业压力,也是解决基层人才匮乏问题的有效路径。当前,大学生基层就业受到多重行为因素影响,主观认知上存在待遇水平、发展空间、地域差别、就业观念、生活环境等因素影响,客观上受到政策支持力度、经济发展状况、社会和家庭观念等因素制约,其中待遇水平和政策支持力度是两个关键影响因素。对浙江省高校毕业生的实际研究发现,构建促进高校毕业生到基层就业的长效机制应从创建大学生基层就业的人文关怀服务体系、政策扶持体系、资金融通支持体系以及教育培训体系四个维度入手。     

农科类高职创业人才的培养现状及改进措施——基于江西三所农科类学校的调查

大学毕业生就业困难问题随着高校招生规模的不断扩大而日益加剧.培养创业型人才不仅可以解决大学毕业生的就业问题,还对发展现代农业和农村建设具有着长远的意义.文章试图以江西三所农科类高职院校为例,通过分析农科类高职院校创业型人才培养的现状,给出创业型人才培养的一些参考性建议.     

Supply and demand: A study of labour market trends and the employment of new social work graduates in victoria

Abstract

At a time of significant restructuring in the community services labour market, it is particularly pertinent to analyse the current labour market opportunities available to new social work graduates. In 1995, using a small RMIT-funded (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology) research grant, five schools of social work in Victoria collaborated to pilot a survey of the employment paths of the previous year's social work graduates. The survey was repeated in 1996. A complementary project which analysed the job advertisements for social work and social work-related positions during six months in both 1995 and 1996 provided further insight into the employment opportunities being advertised. Survey results showed a high rate of employment among new graduates with a decreasing number of graduates being employed in designated “social work” positions. This trend was reflected in the requirements for the positions advertised. The implications of this diversity of jobs and the decrease in designated “social work” positions are discussed, particularly in terms of broader changes in the world of work.     

Transition to Work: Effects of Preparedness and Goal Construction on Employment and Depressive Symptoms

This study examines the mediating role of employment preparedness in improving employment, mental health, and construction of work‐life goals among young vocational school graduates who participated in the School‐to‐Work effectiveness trial. The trial included a 1‐week intervention program that focused on enhancing employment preparedness. In this trial, 416 graduates of secondary vocational institutes were randomized into a control and experimental group. All the study participants were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 10 months later. The results showed that the School‐to‐Work intervention increased employment preparedness, which in turn increased employment at the 10‐month follow‐up. Furthermore, employment predicted work‐life‐related personal goals and lower financial strain, which in turn was associated with lower depressive symptoms. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

新疆高校就业指导工作的现状及对策探究

随着新疆高校大学毕业生的逐年增加,在中央新疆工作座谈会召开后,就业形势发生了很大的变化,而新疆高校的就业指导工作却没有跟上其快速的变化,势必给大学生的就业带来新的不便。文中阐述了新疆高校就业指导工作的现状,提出了新疆高校加强就业指导工作的对策。     

Graduates Construction Systems and Career Development

The paper draws on the Chicago School'sconceptualization of career and on Personal ConstructPsychology to examine the relationships betweengraduates construction systems and patterns of careerdevelopment during the first 4 years of employment. Itseeks to identify differences in trends of constructiverevision between successful and less successfulgraduates. The study is based on 33 graduates whocompleted repertory grids on entering employment (T1), 6months later (T2), and 4 years later (T3), re-elicitingconstructs each time. The results show some significantchange in the nature of the constructs elicited by graduates over the 4 years; in particular,graduates made greater use of constructs related toachievement, cynicism, and organizational politics.Graduates whose career was more successful (i.e., who experienced one or two promotions during the 4years of the study and felt generally satisfied withtheir careers) were more likely to use constructsrelated to social behavior and flexibility at T1, while graduates whose career was less sucessful(i.e., no promotion and felt dissatisfied with theircareers) were more likely to construe themselves interms of achievement and work competence at T1. Fouryears on, successful graduates tended to rely more onconstructs related to achievement and flexibility, whileless successful graduates were more likely to useconstructs related to social behavior. The significance and implications of these results fororganizational recruitment and development practices arediscussed.     

贫困生就业困境及途径的探析

高校毕业生面临着越来越严峻的就业压力,而对于贫困大学生这一特殊群体更是一种不容乐观的形势,如何解决这一群体的就业问题关系重大。家庭经济困难和自身的因素是导致他们就业压力的重要因素,解决贫困生就业困难,需懂得改变贫困的方法,坚持锻炼并保持身体和心理的不贫困。     

高校专业设置预测系统的思考与建议

以高校毕业生就业为切入点，围绕影响学生就业的主要因素——专业设置，探讨了专业设置预测系统的多重性与复杂性，并结合研究过程中的思考，提出了一些建议。     

地方高校毕业生就业工作路径探析

当前,我国大学生就业形势异常严峻,对高等学校尤其是地方高校的毕业生就业工作提出了严峻的挑战。本文分析了地方高校就业工作中的障碍,并在此基础上从地方高校自身的努力出发,提出了相应的工作思路。     

应用艺术类大学生就业问题探析

教育部日前发布的《关于做好2012年全国普通高等学校毕业生就业工作的通知》中规定,"对就业率连续两年低于60%的专业,调减招生计划直至停招。"在这样的大背景下应用艺术生就业的诸多问题彰显出来,愈来愈多的学者关注综合性大学应用艺术生的就业去向和专业设置与人才培养质量问题。事实上,在举国关注大学生就业难的大环境下,应用艺术生的就业空间正呈现前所未有的拓展之势,造成艺术生就业就业率低下的根本原因在于学校办学定位、专业设置和人才培养质量。     

高职院校强化实践教学的思考

目前,高职院校毕业生就业难与某些岗位空缺并存。造成这种局面的原因是多方面的,其中一个重要原因是高职院校的培养计划与培养目标错位,实践教学力度不够,导致培养出的毕业生不能满足社会对人才的需求。文章对高职院校实践教学存在的问题进行分析,提出对策性建议。     

试论高校辅导员就业指导工作的“四化”机制

近年来,大学毕业生的就业问题日益凸显,就业指导工作已经成为高校学生工作的重要内容。辅导员作为从事大学生思想政治工作与管理的教师,是从事大学生就业指导工作的重要力量。高校辅导员应紧紧围绕“四化”机制,即教育的全程化、角色的专家化、内容的系统化和指导的个性化,切实有效地开展就业指导工作。     

The Experiences of DSWs and Ph.D.s.

To ascertain the similarities and differences between the two social work degrees, the DSW and the Ph.D., a national survey of social work graduates was conducted that examined their academic and employment experiences. The findings show that Ph.D. graduates were more oriented toward research, while DSW graduates were more disposed toward practice. There were more similarities than differences between the groups, however, and neither was at a disadvantage because of their degree.