Gender Differences in Self-Conscious Emotions and Motivation to Quit Gambling

Considerable gender differences have been previously noted in the prevalence, etiology, and clinical features of problem gambling. While differences in affective states between men and women in particular, may explain differential experiences in the process of gambling, the role of affect in motivations for quitting gambling and recovery has not been thoroughly explored. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences within a sample of problem gamblers motivated to quit with or without formal treatment, and further, to explore the interactions between gender, shame and guilt-proneness, and autonomous versus controlled reasons for change. Motivation for change and self-conscious emotional traits were analyzed for 207 adult problem gamblers with an interest in quitting or reducing their gambling (96.6 % not receiving treatment). Overall, gender differences were not observed in clinical and demographic characteristics. However, women exhibited greater shame [F(1,204) = 12.11, p = 0.001] and guilt proneness [F(1,204) = 14.16, p < 0.001] compared to men, whereas men scored higher on trait detachment [F(1,204) = 7.08, p = 0.008]. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, general linear models revealed that autonomous motivation for change was associated with higher guilt-proneness, greater problem gambling severity, and the preparation stage of change; whereas controlled forms of motivation were significantly associated with higher shame-proneness and greater problem gambling severity. No gender effects were observed for either motivation for change. These findings suggest that the process of change can be different for shame-prone and guilt-prone problem gamblers, which may impact behavioral outcomes.     

Motivation with misinformation: Conceptualizing lacuna individuals and publics as knowledge-deficient,issue-negative activists

As fake news continues to abound on the Internet, the need for theorizing on the impact of misinformation on individuals’ perceptions of various social issues is dire. Using the issue of vaccine negativity in the United States, this study proposes the idea of lacuna individuals as issue-specific active publics holding negative attitudes and having deficient issue-specific knowledge. Results reveal that knowledge-deficient, vaccine-negative individuals display higher levels of perceptions, motivations, and active communication behaviors about vaccines. Results, therefore, support the conceptualization of lacuna individuals, and publics, as knowledge-deficient activists holding high levels of negative attitudes.     

Gender and Sexual Motivation

The literature on sexual motivation consistently depicts males as primarily motivated by physical and women by emotional factors. Supporting research has been almost exclusively limited to predominantly unmarried teenagers and college aged students, implicitly assuming the absence of age differences in sexual motivation. There has also been a tendency to infer personal values from stated motivations. The present study questions these two assumptions by analyzing two questions included in a survey of 179 adults aged 22 to 57 years, one on respondents' usual motive for engaging in sexual intercourse and anoth6r on their assessment of its most important benefit. An Analysis of Variance reveals significant gender differences in usual motivation but nor in ideal benefits and significant interactions between gender and age in both usual and ideal motivations. Further, we found only a moderate relationship between usual motive for engaging in sexual intercourse and respondent's assessment of its most important benefit. These findings lead us to conclude that caution must be used in making generalizations regarding motives for engaging in sexual intercourse either across age or from sexual realities to sexual ideals.     

Assessing Student Staff Motivation and Satisfaction to Strengthen Health Education Services

Abstract

A student staff inquiry project in the department of health education at a large state university assessed the motivation and satisfaction of student staff and peer educators. The students who managed this Student Inquiry Project created the interview tool, collected and analyzed the data for themes, and developed follow-up recommendations. Through this student-driven qualitative process, several themes emerged, including the need for more department visibility, student opportunities, student identity, skill building, and appreciation. The department is using the recommendations to strengthen student connection, satisfaction, and training.     

Preconception Motivation and Pregnancy Wantedness: Pathways to Toddler Attachment Security

This research was designed to increase our understanding of how the motivational antecedents to childbearing and emotional responses to pregnancy affect the subsequent attachment bond of a toddler to his or her mother. Using a sample of 1,364 mothers and their newborns from the Study of Early Child Care, we tested a mother‐child influence framework hypothesized to mediate between the mother's preconception motivation and pregnancy wantedness and her child's security of attachment at 24 months. Almost all elements of the mediational sequence were confirmed in a structural equation model. We observed 2 unmediated pathways to attachment security, 1 from preconception motivation and 1 from parenting stress during infancy, and suggest interpretations of these unexpected pathways.     

高校如何做好大学生积极分子的入党动机教育

正确的入党动机对于党的发展和个人的进步都有着很重要的意义。帮助大学生确立正确的入党动机,一是要加强高等院校的德育教育,深入学习马列主义理论;二是党组织要加强对大学生入党积极分子的教育和管理;三是党支部对指定做入党积极分子培养联系人的正式党员,要加强教育,让他们真正能够履行自身职责。     

Collaboration as a strategy to accelerate change

Abstract

As a strategy, collaboration is increasingly recognized by governments and by library partnerships as a critical component in achieving next generation change, particularly where it leads to trust in shared infrastructure, collections and expertise. Collaboration reduces the risks to the library industry. These risks stem from the capability of libraries to respond rapidly to changing technology and user needs, and to drive an increase in the digitization of collections and ensure the preservation of digital content. The ten National, State and Territory Libraries of Australia and New Zealand have committed to collaboration to accelerate change in their libraries and to new principles of open and easy access to information. The challenge is to bring these elements together as a transformed and implemented service.     

How to Survive as a Family Therapist

This paper will look at the particular anxieties that a family therapist needs to manage to survive the work. Attention is paid to the clinical and organisational pressures that therapists need to be able to negotiate in order to work creatively. Some suggestions are made as to the therapeutic position which enables us to enjoy our work as therapists.     

Motivation to join and benefits from participation in parent mutual aid organizations

Findings from the Parent Mutual Aid Organizations (PMAOs) in the Child Welfare Demonstration Project are presented with particular emphasis on parents' motivation to join PMAOs and the benefits from their involvement. Members' perceptions from qualitative investigations are compared with a controlled outcome study. PMAO members show less loneliness, more enthusiasm about their lives, and improved self-esteem and confidence. PMAOs result in substantially less reliance on child protection professionals, fewer child placements, and cost savings for the host agency.     

The Octagon Model of Volunteer Motivation: Results of a Phenomenological Analysis

Individual motivation is the core of the actualization and continuity in voluntary work from both the standpoint of theoretical research and practical volunteerism. Volunteer motivation also provides an excellent research area for investigating the wider sociological theme of late-modern participation. This study, based on the data from 18 interviews, explores volunteer motivation utilizing a phenomenological approach to individual experience and the meaning of volunteerism. Using a phenomenological approach illuminates the nature of volunteer motivation more holistically. The research includes 767 motivational elements in 47 themes and develops an innovative four-dimensional octagon model of volunteer motivation—the theoretical and practical applications of which are discussed.