Hidden Death:

While there have been some positive changes in American attitudes toward the sexuality and reproductive life of young women, little attention is paid to preserving aging women's sexuality. The tragic effects of this neglect appear in the case of hysterectomy, which every year deprives hundreds of thousands of women of normal sexual response.     

中国老龄人口死亡公平性分析

目的：本研究旨在分析中国2000年和2005年不同社会经济状况的地区间老龄人口死亡的公平性,并对其可能的社会决定因素进行讨论。方法：应用标准化集中曲线和集中指数对中国老龄人口在地区水平的死亡不平等进行测量。资料主要来源于中国2000年人口普查数据和2005年全国1％人口抽样调查数据。结果：2000年和2005年。中国老龄人口总的死亡集中指数分别为-0．028和-0．022。按性别计算的老龄人口死亡集中指数2000年为-0．032（女性）和-0．020（男性）,2005年为-0．022（女性）和-0．020（男性）。结论：在中国,尽管老龄人口死亡略微向低社会经济状况的地区集中,但其集中程度并不强。提示中国老龄人口死亡在地区水平上具有较好的公平性。而且,老龄人口死亡微弱的集中有消弱的趋势．这主要归功于老龄女性死亡不平等的减少。     

农村人口非正常死亡现象分析

文章以实际调查的 4 40例农村人口非正常死亡数据为依据 ,分析了农村人口非正常死亡的主要方式和原因 ,非正常死亡人群的性别、年龄和文化程度等特征。意在探讨建立有效机制 ,遏止不断上升的农村人口非正常死亡趋势。     

Everyday Life,Everyday Death

In this article I note limits of cultural activism in third-wave feminism, demonstrating that this activism often relies on a music scene that neglects intersections of race and gender. I offer the space of the online fansite as an alternative site for analysis, describing it as a site for everyday activism and consumer activism. Specifically, I explore the online fansite of the HBO show Six Feet Under, describing how fans treat subjects of gender and race in the show and in their everyday lives. Although fans discuss race and gender in limited ways in their explorations of the show and their daily lives, when they discuss the subject of death, they more productively address intersections of both race and gender, considering differences in burial and funereal practices among diverse cultures. Fans also construct the fansite as a place for consumer activism, sharing information about how to be active consumers in the funeral industry and to direct the course of their own burials.     

Death and survival during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda

This paper reports a quantitative study of the genocide in the prefecture of Kibuye in western Rwanda in 1994. It uses a database produced from a house-to-house survey of victims by the organization of genocide survivors, Ibuka. For a total of 59,050 victims of the genocide, data were collected on age, sex, occupation, commune of residence before the genocide, and place and date of death. An analysis conducted for one commune (Mabanza), showed that the chance of surviving the genocide was higher in those sectors of the commune where the Tutsi population did not congregate at a football stadium in Kibuye. Those who went to a mountainous area and defended themselves were almost the only Tutsi still alive in the prefecture after the month of April 1994. Other determinants of survival included age, sex, and occupation. The number of deaths each day while the killing lasted is estimated for the whole of the prefecture.     

新疆塔塔尔族人口死亡研究

长期以来,对塔塔尔族人口的研究很少有人涉猎。从第五次人口普查的相关数据,可以分析出塔塔尔族人口的死亡水平、影响因素以及死亡原因。     

A Sibling Death in the Family: Common and Consequential

Although a large literature analyzes the determinants of child mortality and suggests policy and medical interventions aimed at its reduction, there is little existing analysis illuminating the consequences of child mortality for other family members. In particular, there is little evidence exploring the consequences of experiencing the death of a sibling on one’s own development and transition to adulthood. This article examines the prevalence and consequences of experiencing a sibling death during one’s childhood using two U.S. data sets. We show that even in a rich developed country, these experiences are quite common, affecting between 5 % and 8 % of the children with one or more siblings in our two data sets. We then show that these experiences are associated with important reductions in years of schooling as well as a broad range of adult socioeconomic outcomes. Our findings also suggest that sisters are far more affected than brothers and that the cause of death is an important factor in sibling effects. Overall, our findings point to important previously unexamined consequences of child mortality, adding to the societal costs associated with childhood mortality as well as suggesting additional benefits from policy and medical innovations aimed at curbing both such deaths and subsequent effects on family members.     

Reduced Variation in Death Rates after Introduction of Antimicrobial Agents

There was a sharp, persistent drop in annual variation in life expectancy at birth in the United States between 1940 and 1950. To evaluate the possible relationship of this drop to the introduction of antimicrobial agents, we examined standardized death rates (SDR) and life expectancy (LE) in the United States and in England and Wales, both of which participated in the discovery and development of antimicrobials, especially penicillin, during this period. Annual variation in life expectancy and directly standardized death rates are measured as residuals from moving means. There were sharp drops in residual variation for males and females starting as early as 1944 in the United States and 1951 in England and Wales that persist to the present. The standard deviations of residuals dropped by 59–81% from before 1940 to after 1950 depending on sex, country, and SDR or LE. The timing and persistence of reduced annual variation indicates that antimicrobials contributed substantially to the change.     

中国育龄期女性死因分析

育龄期女性的健康风险远远不只是与生殖和生育相关的风险。将人口统计数据和卫生统计数据相结合分析,发现1990-2000年间,育龄期女性人口死亡概率下降了1/4,主要死因为损伤和中毒、肿瘤、循环系统疾病。但这三种主要死因下降程度慢于其他死因的下降,反映了社会、文化、习俗等因素的改善滞后于经济发展和物质生活条件改善对育龄期女性健康的影响。同时,城乡育龄期女性人口存在不同的死因模式。     

Clustering EU Countries by Causes of Death

Population Research and Policy Review - Countries with different mortality patterns face different health and demographic challenges. Knowing a country’s position relative to other countries...     

对成年独生子女意外伤亡家庭问题的深层思考

背　景俄罗斯人民友谊大学发生大火 ,吞噬了我国 1 1名留学生 ,令人震惊和深深的悲痛。更使我们感到压抑的是 ,其中还有多名我国实行计划生育政策以后出生的独生子女。当我们感叹留学有风险的时候 ,成年独生子女意外伤亡给计划生育户的父母带来的情感冲击和晚年保障的缺失问题也久久地回旋在我们的脑海之中。自实行计划生育政策以来 ,经过 30多年的努力 ,我国人口出生率和自然增长率都发生了大幅度的下降 ,实现了人口再生产类型的历史性转变 ,我国已进入稳定低生育水平阶段。 30多年来 ,实行计划生育政策的成就是卓著的 ,少生 3亿多人 ,节约…     

广州、北京、上海三大城市死亡水平的对比分析

本文重点分析了广州、北京、上海三大城市主要年份的粗死亡率、婴儿死亡率以及老年人死亡率和预期寿命的差异,然后从经济发展水平、医疗卫生条件和人口年龄结构三个方面分析了影响其死亡水平的原因,并指出了其主要原因。     

Aging,Proximity to Death,and Religiosity

Considerable evidence has documented that the elderly are more religious and that religiosity is associated with better health and lower mortality. Yet, little is known about the reverse role of life expectancy or proximity to death, as opposed to age, for religiosity. This paper provides evidence for the distinct role of expected remaining life years for the importance of religion in individuals’ lives. We combine individual survey response data for more than 300,000 individuals from 95 countries over the period 1994–2014 with information from period life tables. Contrary to wide-held beliefs, religiosity decreases with greater expected proximity to death. The findings have important implications regarding the consequences of population aging for religiosity and associated outcomes.     

生日即忌日现象的启示性研究 ——基于死因登记数据

本文对某地区连续13年的死因登记数据进行了分析与挖掘,旨在探寻出生日期的启示性,特别是出生日期与死亡日期的关系.统计分析结果表明,男女性中"生日即忌日"的比例明显偏高,最高诊断医院为县级(区)医院、 死因为癌症、 受教育水平为大学的这些人群生日当天死亡的比例均较高,超过除生日当天外平常一周比例的总和.利用随机森林算法寻找对这种现象影响严重的特征,结果显示最高诊断医院为影响最大的特征,其后依次为死因、 受教育程度、 最高诊断手段、 死亡地点、婚姻状况、 性别等.关联规则挖掘的结果也说明最高诊断医院对于"生日即忌日"的现象有重要影响.本文探寻了出生日期与死亡日期的关系,对于深入了解出生与死亡的内在联系有重要意义.     

The Death of the West: An alternative view

Much has been written about the ‘Death of the West’, a demise threatened by the low level of reproduction in Western countries. That fate is contrasted unfavourably with the rapid growth of the populations and economies of less developed countries, and the prospect of the numerical and political marginalization of the formerly dominant developed world. We believe that trends in European fertility have been misunderstood and that, with effort and some pain, their consequences for age structure are manageable. Many European societies also enjoy the advantages of demographic and social maturity, the resilience of established consensual democratic institutions, the rule of law, and civil society. The sizes of China and India raise problems of resource sustainability and vulnerability to climate change. China risks falling into a low-fertility trap, reinforced by urban working conditions unfriendly to family formation. Traditional patriarchal and familist cultures may depress fertility rates to unhelpfully low levels in other less developed countries.     

高龄老人的健康、疾病与死亡

在未来几十年,中国老年人口占总人口的比例会不断增加,高龄老人数量也会不断扩大,因而关注高龄老人疾病与健康,探讨健康长寿的机理很有必要.     

Lively Questions for Demographers about Death at Older Ages

This is an expanded version of comments on the future of the demography of aging at an invited session of the 2008 annual meeting of the Population Association of America. In an introduction, John Haaga offers reasons for a revival of interest in population aging, including greater realization of plasticity in aging trajectories at both individual and societal levels. Linda Martin proposes that population scientists working in aging emulate those studying fertility and family planning in previous decades, learning from interventions (in this case, aimed at increasing retirement savings and reducing disability at older ages). Changes in family structure will increasingly affect new cohorts of the elderly, and Linda Waite speculates on the ways in which changes in the economy, medicine, and the legal environment could affect the social context for aging. Research on mortality at older ages is “alive and well” asserts James Vaupel, who sets out six large questions on mortality trends and differentials over time and across species. Lastly, Wolfgang Lutz expands the scope of projections, showing the considerable uncertainty about the timing and pace of population aging in the developing world and the effects on future elderly of the increases in educational attainment in much of the world during the second half of the twentieth century.     

Death and schooling decisions over the short and long run in rural Madagascar

This paper provides strong evidence that adult mortality has a negative impact on children educational outcomes, both over the short and the long run, in rural Madagascar. The underlying longitudinal data and the difference-in-differences strategy used overcome most of the previous cross-sectional study limitations, such as failure to control for child and household pre-death characteristics and unobserved heterogeneity. This paper also pays special attention to the heterogeneity, robustness, and long-run persistence of effects. Results show that orphans are on average 10 pp less likely to attend school than their nonorphaned counterparts, this effect being even more pronounced for girls and young children from poorer households. Results on adults further show that those orphaned during childhood eventually completed less education. These findings suggest that not only do households suffering unexpected shocks resort to schooling adjustments as an immediate risk-coping strategy, but also that adversity has long-lasting effects on human capital accumulation.