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问:在您看来,今天社会科学(包括哲学)发展以及高等院校社会科学教学的主要问题是什么? 答:在第19次党代表大会上尖锐地提出了这样一个问题:我们应该怎样发展社会科学,应该用什么方式进行社会科学教学。我想,这方面的问题很多,但是我们必须解决它。对社会科学状况的普遍评价已为人所知。迄今为止它们仍然没有改变脱离生活的状况,仍然很少参与吸引了全国人民的改革 相似文献
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只要一提到“后现代主义”,我们便会遇到一系列无法绕开的问题:中国究竟有无后现代?如果有的话,它是以何种面目存在的?它如何影响着当代中国的文学实践?面对后现代,我们在文化策略上是应该认同,还是抗拒?这种种疑问,恰恰显示了后现代主义在中国的复杂性。如果按... 相似文献
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历史客观性问题是批判的历史哲学中最重要同时又是最棘手的一个主题,它更是后现代历史哲学中的核心问题.后现代历史哲学从语言的角度解构和颠覆传统历史学的客观性概念,将历史客观性问题转化成了一个语言哲学的问题.在它看来,不存在某种历史学家可以接近的真实和实在.历史本身不过是历史学家虚构的、修辞的、文学的或审美的建构.实践唯物主义语言观是我们理解后现代语境下历史客观性问题的有效指南,也是我们批判后现代历史学的有力武器. 相似文献
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生活的意义问题对于哲学来讲是一个基本的、综合的问题,一个“永恒的问题”。我们谈论生活的意义,所指的不是存在的东西而是应该的东西,不是人们怎样生活而是人们应该怎样生活。人不同于其他动物,具有自我确定和自觉选择生活道路的能力。那么,在这种选择中人们所遵循的是什么?人们应该遵循的又是什么? 哲学史上不同派别对生活意义的解释各不相同。宗教派别对生活的意义有以下三种说法:一、生活不具有意义,正如自然界不具有意义一样;二、生括的意义早已由上帝客观地规定好了,只需要理解它和信奉它;第三种说法认为生活的意义只在于人 相似文献
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前现代、现代和后现代只是非常一般的类型。在每一种类型当中,都存在着很大的变异和区别。例如,当我们谈论前现代或者(象某些人所称呼的那样)传统的社会时,它包括巴布亚新几内亚的小型传统社会和庞大的中华帝国。今天,我将谈谈这三种社会类型的最一般特点。在前现代、现代和后现代的每一种类型当中,我要强调并分析两个方面。一是结构方面,即什么是前现代、现代和后现代社会在社会结构方面的特点。二是思想和文化方面,即什么是这些社会的文化方面的特点。 相似文献
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本文指出后现代文学的根本特征就表现着它对传统价值观念的颠覆和解构 ,以及对传统的寻找一种普适有效的真理的冲动的解构。它的解构式写作、它的荒诞意识和迷宫意识、它的戏仿手法的运用 ,都是为这种颠覆和解构。离开了这个基点 ,我们无法真正把握后现代文学 相似文献
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美国的教育方法显然是出了毛病.尽管许多人大力主张从管理上和财政上来着手解决教育上的问题,我却认为我们应该注意的是教育的内容——它对于世界的形态的看法以及它引导学生认识世界时的做法.从教育的内容着眼才能从根本上解决教育方面的问题.我们在教育过程中疏忽了什么呢?最根本的一条是,我们疏忽了认识的整体性——正是这种整体性使世界有了意义,也正是这种整体性表现出我们的价值标准.学校中设立的课程以及这些课程的构成方法严 相似文献
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新世纪初年,中国学者对后现代的研究从哲学、法学、政治学、心理学、文学艺术、文化产业等方面展开,拓展了"后学"研究空间.学术界对后现代性的意义有了新的认识,注意到后现代主义不是单纯地消解理性,而是剥离现代性的遮蔽,并对现代性的合法性根据加以质疑.本文从传统、现代与后现代多元问题中考察后现代研究中的争论,对后现代激进哲学--解构哲学思想、后女权主义思想、多元论思想等加以分析,进而透过后现代政治社会学心理学,考察后现代政治学、社会学、心理学、神学问题,并对后现代文学艺术之维的多元话语透视等几个方面,展示了中国"后学"研究的最新学术轨迹. 相似文献
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儒家与基督教创造力观念之比较 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
要虔诚且充分地比较儒家和基督教的创造力观念,必先有一些合适的可比范畴。大致说来,为了解儒家和基督教之创造力观念如何不同,需要知道什么是创造力,二者相似或相异又在何处。因此首要之务即在可比的情形下提出一个稍嫌简略的创造力理论。无论在西方还是在东亚,创造力都是一个复杂的概念。我们可以通过一与多和变化之本性这两个哲学问题来揭示其复杂性。 相似文献
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This article examines how public concern about different social problems changes over time in response to fluctuations in problem severity. Examining time series of concern and objective severity for nine different problems, both graphically and econometrically, we address three main questions. First, how closely does concern track fluctuations in problem severity? Second, what psychological processes mediate the relationship between concern and problem severity? Finally, what factor(s) distinguish between problems for which tracking is accurate and inaccurate? 相似文献
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弗洛伊德精神分析学说在思想史上的革命性意义同它对战争经验的体悟密切相关。19世纪末以来,战争不仅意味着历史处境,更塑造了现代人的总体经验。如果要从战争经验出发理解弗洛伊德的学说体系,他大战时期的讲演录《精神分析引论》可以充当核心的阐释文本,将精神分析学说从第一哲学、社会学推展到新的“再教育”思想。作为第一哲学,精神分析由普遍怀疑还原出战争状态下诸意向交织、冲突的自我,并逐步揭示自我的爱欲本能与死亡本能;在此基础上,作为社会学的精神分析呈现了日常生活的战争面貌,其实质为人的爱欲本能同死亡本能的纠缠与冲突;最终,为引导爱欲,节制死亡本能,作为新的教育学说的精神分析指明了现代教育的限度、条件和未来的希望。 相似文献
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O.P. Askheim 《International Journal of Social Welfare》1999,8(2):111-120
This article presents data from a survey of all disabled people in Norway who receive personal assistance in the municipalities that have been granted subsidies from the state. It concentrates on the following issues: – Who are the users of personal assistance? What distinguishes them from other disabled people? – What dimensions has personal assistance as a service? How has it influenced the total service to the recipients and how is this composed? – How do the users value the service? To what extent does it seem to fulfil the aims of self-dependence and sovereignty for the users? The article concludes that personal assistance seems to be a suitable instrument to reach the goals of full participation and equality of status for disabled people in Norwegian society. The main challenges which personal assistance will meet in the future are the financing of the arrangement and how the principles of user-determination could be implemented and transferred to other services without losing its ideological base. 相似文献
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Rosemary Sheehan 《Child & Family Social Work》2019,24(4):421-429
Cumulative harm is a major child protection concern, with significant consequences for child well‐being and development often into adult life. This systematic literature review examines how the construct of cumulative harm is understood and operationalized within current Australian child protection legislation, policy, and practice and situates this within an international context. Scholarly articles and grey literature were qualitatively analysed to explore two main research questions: How is cumulative harm to children identified, assessed, and ultimately incorporated into child protection and legal structures? And what are the most effective responses to cumulative harm identified for child protection practice? What was found was that although the construct of cumulative harm is increasingly incorporated into child protection practice and legislation, in practice, this remains crisis‐driven. Although the literature emphasized prevention and early intervention as responses to reducing the cumulative impact of adverse childhood experiences, there is negligible research on what constitutes an effective response to cases involving cumulative harm. They are cases which are less visible within the child protection paradigm; attention to the impact of risk of maltreatment and its influence on long‐term developmental outcomes is less well addressed creating uncertainty and ambiguity about effective responses for child protection. 相似文献
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中国海洋软实力的提升途径研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋软实力作为国家软实力在海洋方面的体现被提出之后,围绕海洋软实力的研究逐步展开.海洋软实力在海洋权益维护和海洋治理中有着举足轻重的作用,在对海洋软实力进行系统研究之前,有必要明确海洋软实力研究中的几个基本问题:海洋软实力的概念与内涵,海洋软实力提出的重要价值,我国海洋软实力的水平及测度,我国海洋软实力的提升途径.因为这些基本问题关系着海洋软实力研究的方向与可能达成的共识,厘清这些问题及其相互关系,有利于在深入研究的基础上,探索海洋软实力的提升途径. 相似文献
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《Russian social science review : a journal of translations》2013,54(6):33-52
Attempts to shape an integral sociological vision of social relations began in Russia in the mid-nineteenth century. The initial task was philosophical and political in character: to interpret the historical prospects for the country's development. To what extent would Russia follow the paths trodden by Western countries (which a certain segment of the intelligentsia believed were more civilized and more normal), and to what extent would it preserve its own originality and uniqueness? Two currents of social thought, the "Westernizers" and the "Slavophiles," argued this question. During the polemics between them, a number of questions emerged that continue to be raised in contemporary journalism and political discussions. 相似文献
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David Tait Stephen Castles Katherine Gibson Jock Collins Caroline Alcorso 《The Australian journal of social issues》1989,24(3):183-198
Ethnic small businesses are an increasingly important feature of economic life in Australian cities. Which groups are most likely to go into this sector, and what are the factors which make for ‘success’? What is the price for survival in terms of working conditions and family life, and what are the fruits of success? These are some of the questions being investigated in a two-year study of ethnic small business in the Sydney region. This paper provides the first report from the study, examining the development of Greek and Vietnamese businesses in the inner suburb of Marrickville. 相似文献