浅析以色列的“定点清除”政策

2000年9月，巴以冲突爆发以来，以方不断强化以打击巴激进组织领导人和活跃分子为目标的“定点清除”政策．不可否认，短期内这种政策给巴激进组织和成员以沉重打击，在一定程度上使其行为有所约束．但是，此种违反国际法的“清除”政策遭到了国际社会的强烈谴责，也违背了以色列自身的长远利益。巴以冲突的历史表明，武力征服不了一个民族，巴以和平唯有通过政治谈判才能实现．     

2001年美国中东政策之转变

美国的中东政策一向与它的战略利益、经济利益紧密联系在一起.过去一年,巴以间的相互攻击和报复与反报复的暴力冲突几乎从未停止.美国作为"国际警察",在巴以问题上,从相对"超脱"到"更积极"介入,无不是从其本国利益出发.9·11事件使美国意识到,解决巴以冲突进而实现中东和平,是和反恐战争相一致的.只有通过和平手段,公平合理地解决巴以冲突,真正实现中东和平,才能对恐怖主义做到釜底抽薪的作用.     

末世论和全球社会政治冲突——以巴以冲突为例

宗教原教旨主义者的末世论成了全球社会政治冲突一种不可忽视的动因,它不仅导致了许多国家内在的社会政治断裂,也加剧了当今伊斯兰世界与西方的矛盾和冲突。巴以冲突就是一个末世论产生重要影响的典型个案。末世论是以色列的信仰者集团、美国的基督教右翼积极在巴勒斯坦被占领土上推进定居点运动,阻扰和平进程的重要动因。这两者的进攻性行动破坏了伊斯兰世界的认同,损害了他们的权利、尊严和拯救前景,从而引起哈马斯、真主党等激进伊斯兰主义者同样带有末世情结的伊斯兰群体以"圣战"为主要形式的抗争。     

布什政府"新中东政策"评析

布什政府新近推出的和平计划虚多实少,存在诸多缺陷.美国的中东政策服务于全球反恐的战略需要,没有也不可能改变"袒以压巴"的一贯立场.美国政策的利己主义不可能给中东带来持久的和平,新政策避免不了昙花一现的命运.     

巴以和解政策困境中的耶路撒冷问题

造成巴以和解政策困境的原因极为复杂,在耶路撒冷被国际与地区势力政治化的博弈中,耶路撒冷问题衍化为巴以和解政策困境的关键:两个耶路撒冷话语体系的冲突、两个耶路撒冷圣城之子的身份冲突、从“异教徒”到“敌人”意象的相互构建及美欧耶路撒冷政策的博弈等.因此,进一步加强“耶路撒冷共识”的话语建设、在中东“四方机制”基础上加强巴以和解机制建设,以及在“劝和促谈”基础上构建中国式治理模式等均成为破解巴以和解政策困境的应因举措.     

西方国家与哈马斯关系探析

美国和欧洲是哈马斯早期活动的重要地区,也是哈马斯资金的重要来源地。哈马斯强烈反对美国等西方国家,一个关键原因在于其对以色列的支持。美国、欧盟把哈马斯列入恐怖主义组织名单,对其实行严厉打击和封锁政策,也不承认哈马斯政府,主要原因是哈马斯以暴力抵抗以色列,拒绝巴以和平进程。欧盟与美国在对待哈马斯及其政府上的态度略有差别。西方国家私下里和哈马斯有一些接触。西方国家对哈马斯的政策产生了许多负面影响,促使该组织更加激进,将其排除在中东和平进程之外的做法也无助于巴以问题的解决。西方国家短期内与哈马斯改善关系的可能性不大。     

巴勒斯坦人自杀性袭击的文化心理探源

在巴以冲突中,当中东和平进程遭遇挫折、巴以双方力量严重失衡时,巴勒斯坦人中频发自杀性袭击,本文在分析此现象产生背景的基础上,进一步阐述其"烈士"情结的宗教文化心理及其具体表现,进而揭示出此现象的出现,既是巴以双方力量严重失衡所致,又是巴人对巴以冲突的非理智反应.     

巴以目前局势及发展走向管窥

自今年2月沙龙政府上台以来,巴以形势越发紧张,双方的武力冲突陡增,暴力活动频仍,和谈陷于全面停滞甚至倒退状态.文章就当前人们普遍关注的问题即巴勒斯坦"起义"、以巴双方的和谈立场、巴以局势走向等问题进行了认真的分析和探索,认为巴以谈判不会因为以色列政府更迭而毁于一旦,而是将在有关方面的推动下继续艰难曲折地谈下去,因为和平毕竟是巴以双方的最佳选择.     

末世论和全球社会政治冲突——以巴以冲突为例

宗教原教旨主义者的末世论成了全球社会政治冲突一种不可忽视的动因,它不仅导致了许多国家内在的社会政治断裂,也加剧了当今伊斯兰世界与西方的矛盾和冲突。巴以冲突就是一个末世论产生重要影响的典型个案。末世论是以色列的信仰者集团、美国的基督教右翼积极在巴勒斯坦被占领土上推进定居点运动,阻扰和平进程的重要动因。这两者的进攻性行动破坏了伊斯兰世界的认同,损害了他们的权利、尊严和拯救前景,从而引起哈马斯、真主党等激进伊斯兰主义者同样带有末世情结的伊斯兰群体以圣战为主要形式的抗争。     

现代中东政治经济发展的趋势与特征

二战后,中东经历了民族解放独立运动和社会革命,现代化进程向全面化、纵深化方向发展,地区经济合作和区域化逐渐加强,中东地缘政治战略地位更加突出和重要.巴以冲突持续不断,中东问题呈现出复杂化、长期化趋势.当代伊斯兰复兴运动的兴起和扩散在国际意识形态及国际政治领域产生重要影响,形成所谓"文明冲突"六个趋势与特征.     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

学龄儿童健康行为研究方法述评

学龄儿童健康行为研究越来越得到重视,在未来周期性的研究中也面临着在快速发展的背景下保持较高质量、在有限的财政资源情况下持续提高、使趋势分析与修改问卷内容相适应、满足科学受众和政策受众的不同要求等挑战,因此,完善其研究方法成为当前迫切需要。     

“吸毒人员未成年子女监护问题”研讨会综述

针对吸毒人员对其未成年子女的监护不力或监护缺失的现状，深入探讨了终止、剥夺乃至转移吸毒人员监护权的问题。涉及到监护权转移实践方面的问题，与会专家提出了临时监护人，短、长期寄养家庭，机构性质的儿童之家，儿童福利院等多种监护权转移方案。对一些存有疑义的问题，则是需要系统研究、统筹规划的新课题。     

The impact of generation and country of origin on the mental health of children of immigrants

The authors reexamine the study of generational differences in adjustment among the children of immigrants by arguing that the country of origin defines and shapes the adaptation process across generations. Using a sample of children in Toronto, the authors demonstrate that generational differences in the mental health of children occur only in families from countries of origin at the lowest levels of economic development. Among those at the lowest levels of economic development, a mental health advantage in the first generation evolves to a disadvantage in the 2.5 generation relative to third or later generational children. Children from backgrounds characterized by higher economic development show no initial or eventual differences from the native born. Using data from the Toronto Study of Intact Families, the authors are able to explain differences among children from low economic development backgrounds specifically in terms of increasing family conflict and decreasing school involvement across generations.