解决中小企业融资问题需发展中小银行

关于中小企业融资难问题众说纷纭,如中小企业信用整体不佳、信息不对称、中小企业信用担保体系不健全、商业银行贷款门槛过高、银行为中小企业提供的金融服务品种少等等。笔者认为,我国目前没有建立起有利于中小企业发展的金融服务体系,现行金融结构与社会经济中的企业、产业性质不相匹配才是造成中小企业外源融资困难的根本原因。中小企业外源融资形式中小企业外源融资有直接融资和间接融资两种形式:(一)直接融资。一方面,由于中小企业经营、规模等方面的条件制约和债券市场本身发展的滞后,中小企业发行债券进行融资的可能性是非常小的;另…     

中小企业互助信用担保机构的风险分析及防范对策

所谓中小企业互助担保机构,是由一定区域内中小企业自愿组成,以会员企业出资为主,为会员企业提供融资担保服务的担保机构。这种新形式的信用担保贷款机构,在我国呈迅速发展势态,截止2007年底,全国互助担保公司已达220家。担保业务占全国信用担保业务总量的6％。作为我国中小企业“一体两翼”信用担保体系一部分的互助信用担保机构,以满足中小企业急、     

高新技术型高科技中小企业融资模式研究

我国对高新技术的需求为一大批中小型高新技术企业提供了发展的契机。我国正处于改革开放的深化时期,社会主义市场经济正在转型期当中,由于高科技中小企业风险较大,而且抗风险能力较弱,导致其融资比较困难。这一现象无论是国内还是国外都存在。高科技中小企业在发展的过程中都会出现一系列的问题,尤其体现在融资的问题上。本文通过对融资、信用以及担保等多个角度的研究发现,造成高科技中小企业融资困难的原因有两大因素,一是内部因素,主要体现在高科技中小企业自身的问题上,另外是外部因素,主要体现在政府管理和社会融资担保环境方面。要解决高科技中小企业融资的问题,必须从这两方面着手,才能真正为高科技中小企业的融资带来出路。     

完善廊坊市中小企业融资担保体系的研究

中小企业的兴衰直接影响地方经济的发展,一个完整、高效的融资担保体系是促进中小企业发展所不可或缺的。文章对廊坊市中小企业融资担保的基本情况进行了调研,分析了廊坊市中小企业融资担保体系存在的问题,进而有针对性地提出了建议。     

金融危机下完善中小企业融资担保制度的立法思考——兼论江苏省中小企业融资担保立法

中小企业融资问题一直是个世界性难题,呼啸而来的金融危机更将中小企业逼入窘境。中小企业的健康发展与我国国民经济的稳定增长和劳动就业问题密切相关,而疏通融资渠道、完善担保制度对中小企业的健康发展至关重要。本文通过分析我国及江苏省中小企业融资担保立法及其发展,比较关日韩三国关于中小企业融资担保的法律制度,为我国中小企业融资担保制度的完善提出立法建议,以期为中小企业走出困境提供法律保障。     

大学生形象上升还是下降社会媒体应该检讨

自1999年6月原国家经贸委发布《关于建立中小企业信用担保体系试点的指导意见》,正式启动了中小企业信用担保体系试点工作之后,中小企业融资担保得到了一定的发展。截至2006年底,全国已有各类中小企业信用担保机构3366家,累计担保企业38万户,累计担保总额7843亿元,单笔担保额在100万元以下的占担保总笔数的85．8％。然而,我围信用押傈饥构起步较晚,     

劳动就业和企业发展两促进--衡阳市人社局服务中小微企业发展侧记

促进中小微企业发展,是解决地方市域经济和社会诸多难题的重要举措。中小微企业得到发展,也是实现劳动者充分就业、实现更高质量就业的基础。今年以来,湖南省衡阳市人社局主动对接企业需求,主动对接发展要素,加大服务力度,有力地助推了该市小微企业发展。
　　对接资金要素,着力解决企业融资难问题
　　优先为中小微企业提供小额担保贷款。根据《湖南省促进就业小额担保贷款实施办法》（湘政办发[2009]34号）文件精神,对符合条件的劳动密集型中小微企业优先发放小额担保贷款。2013年上半年,该市发放小额担保贷款938笔共计14684万元,扶持创业并带动就业1.5万人次。     

拓宽中小企业融资渠道探讨

现阶段的中小企业正处于一个规模扩张时期,从粗犷的扩大生产规模转到提高科技含量、提高经营管理的集约型生产上来。这一时期的中小企业面临着资金短缺、技术落后、管理混乱等困难,而在对中小企业的问卷调查中,70 %以上的企业将资金短缺列为制约企业发展的首要因素。这时的中小企业仅依靠自有资本的原始积累无法满足对资金的需求,必须拓展融资渠道,依靠直接、间接融资等方式来解决资金供给小于需求的问题。我国的中小企业由于自身条件的限制,在资本市场上直接融资和通过银行贷款间接融资都存在着障碍。本文不考虑政策面和外环境所应采取的措…     

如何完善我国中小企业信用担保体系

构建中小企业信用担保体系的必要性 (一)解决金融资源配置与实体部门贡献偏离的矛盾 据统计,目前我国中小企业的数量达2930万户,占我国企业总数的95％以上,在GDP当中,有51％是中小企业创造的,出口占60％以上,中小企业完成的税收2002年占全国的43.2％,吸纳了75％以上的城镇就业人口。但多年来我国在信贷政策上实行所有制差别对待,中小企业特别是民营中小企业由于缺乏有效     

浅议新经济环境下中小企业财务管理的问题与对策

<正>一、我国中小企业财务管理存在的问题1.中小企业财务管理缺乏良好的外部环境(1)融资困难,资金严重不足。目前我国中小企业初步建立了较为独立、渠道多元的融资体系,但是,融资难、担保难仍然是制约中小企业发展的最突出的问     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.