Guanxi influence and talent management in Chinese organisations; evidence from the real estate sector

The Chinese context has been characterised as one where guanxi influence is significant, shaping the choices, considerations, challenges, and consequences of talent management (TM). There is though little empirical research which shows that this is what is experienced, and that guanxi influence does feature prominently. The purpose of our research is to explore experiences of TM in China, and the extent to which the guanxi influence affects TM.

Case study research to identify and explore guanxi influence on TM was undertaken in three real estate companies in China. Interviews with managers and employees on how talent is defined, attracted, developed, and retained were analysed for guanxi influence. These show that guanxi influence is clearly present in the experience of TM, though this is not the sole or always dominant influence on choices, considerations, challenges, and consequences. This paper contributes to the TM literature by showing that guanxi influences play important roles in defining, attracting, developing, and retaining talent in the Chinese context and also highlighting both advantages and potential disadvantages of guanxi influence in TM activities.

Evidence suggests that guanxi influence is a relevant focus for understanding TM and for framing further research on TM in China. Guanxi influence in this TM context will continue, and by extension in contexts where Chinese organisations develop their presence globally, and adapt to the wider international context of organisation development and change in which best practice TM is a stronger influence.     

移动数据业务购买意愿的关键影响因素研究

基于已有的消费者行为学研究和技术接受方面的重要模型,本文着重研究了影响消费者购买意愿的主要因素,并在此基础上构建了移动数据业务消费者购买意愿影响因素的回归模型。本文分别选择三个城市。对中国移动三个品牌的用户进行随机抽样调查,并使用统计分析的方式对数据进行处理。分析结果发现：社会影响因素、价格和有用性是影响移动数据业务消费者购买意愿的关键因素。而安全性对国内现阶段主流业务的影响却并不显著。     

中国情景下消费者的伦理购买意向研究——基于TPB视角

本文运用大样本问卷调研法,基于TPB视角重点分析消费者的伦理购买决策机制,旨在考察中国情景下影响消费者伦理购买意向的深层次因素。研究结果发现,行为态度、主观规范与感知行为控制会显著影响消费者的伦理购买行为意向,其中主观规范是购买意向最有影响的预测变量,表明中国情景下消费者在进行伦理购买决策时更倾向于遵从社会规范的影响;进一步感知行为控制不仅直接显著作用于伦理购买意向,还通过行为态度对伦理购买意向产生间接的重要影响,表明在中国情景下如何真正提高消费者伦理购物时的感知行为控制程度是企业实施伦理营销时面临的关键性问题。总体而言,本文结果表明,修正后的计划行为理论对中国情景下消费者的伦理购买意向能够进行有效地解释与预测,说明计划行为理论具有良好的跨文化适应性。最后,本文为中国企业伦理营销战略的实施提供重要建议。     

海外子公司东道国网络结构与网络学习效果——网络学习方式是调节变量吗

本文通过阐明网络位置对网络成员决策和资源获取的影响,提出了"位置嵌入"概念,由此把社会嵌入的"关系一结构"构成理论发展为"关系-位置-结构"构成理论.在此基础上,解析了海外子公司的东道国网络结构,分析了网络学习方式在东道国网络结构与网络学习效果间的调节效应,以123家跨国公司在华子公司为样本的实证检验发现:(1)探索型学习负向调节了关系嵌入强度与网络学习效果间的关系;(2)探索型学习正向调节了网络密度与网络学习效果间的关系;(3)利用型学习正向调节了网络密度与网络学习效果问的关系;(4)利用型学习正向调节了群体中心度与网络学习效果间的关系.     

"口味无争辩"?——高低收入阶层膳食健康上的不平等及其分解

我国高低收入阶层间存在着严重的膳食健康上的不平等现象,在讨论其背后的机制时,鲜有文献涉及到口味因素.传统理念认为口味差异天生给定,无需争辩;Becker开创性地认为可以用经济学工具争辩口味问题.通过采用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010年~2014年三期面板数据进行分析,加入个体固定效应的再中心化影响函数回归,消除了"不可争辩的口味";在此基础.上进行无条件分位数分解,将相同特征条件下系数不同导致的不平等定义为"可争辩的口味"效应.结果显示:在包含收入阶层流动的情况下,"可争辩的口味"和社会经济地位分别可以解释膳食健康不平等的54.3%和44.5%;在不包含收入阶层流动的情况下,二者分别可以解释37.1%和62.3%.人口学特征、个体健康、供给因素的作用很小。结论表明,收入政策只能起到部分作用,政策制定者需要重视对口味的教育引导.这在"健康中国2030"背景下,对于促进全民健康有着重要启示.     

公众参与下政府与游戏企业发展策略的演化博弈分析

游戏企业选择设置防沉迷机制行为策略是应对青少年沉迷网络游戏等不良社会影响的有效举措，公众的监督和政府部门的监管是构建良好社会风气的重要保障。本文针对我国越来越多青少年沉迷虚拟网络游戏而影响社会风气的问题，考虑政府监管与公众的监督，构建政府、公众、游戏企业的三方演化博弈模型，并建立复制动态方程，得到不同情形下政府、公众和游戏企业的演化稳定策略；并通过数值分析的方法，分析监管成功率对政府与游戏企业防沉迷机制选择的影响。研究表明，监管成功率对游戏企业策略选择起着重要影响。不同情形下，政府可以根据所掌握的相关信息对游戏企业采取不同策略进行有效监管。从短期角度来看，无论政府采取何种策略，公众与游戏企业会考虑自身利益而选择"不监督"和"不设置防沉迷机制"；从长期角度来看，在没有政府监管情况下，公众与游戏企业依然会主动选择"监督"和"设置防沉迷机制"。     

Trust, confidence, procedural fairness, outcome fairness, moral conviction, and the acceptance of GM field experiments

In 2005, Swiss citizens endorsed a moratorium on gene technology, resulting in the prohibition of the commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops and the growth of genetically modified animals until 2013. However, scientific research was not affected by this moratorium, and in 2008, GMO field experiments were conducted that allowed us to examine the factors that influence their acceptance by the public. In this study, trust and confidence items were analyzed using principal component analysis. The analysis revealed the following three factors: "economy/health and environment" (value similarity based trust), "trust and honesty of industry and scientists" (value similarity based trust), and "competence" (confidence). The results of a regression analysis showed that all the three factors significantly influenced the acceptance of GM field experiments. Furthermore, risk communication scholars have suggested that fairness also plays an important role in the acceptance of environmental hazards. We, therefore, included measures for outcome fairness and procedural fairness in our model. However, the impact of fairness may be moderated by moral conviction. That is, fairness may be significant for people for whom GMO is not an important issue, but not for people for whom GMO is an important issue. The regression analysis showed that, in addition to the trust and confidence factors, moral conviction, outcome fairness, and procedural fairness were significant predictors. The results suggest that the influence of procedural fairness is even stronger for persons having high moral convictions compared with persons having low moral convictions.     

中国上市公司“规模效应”的实证研究

本文回顾了异象中公司规模效应的研究历程,分别基于流通值和总市值对深市和沪市的规模效应进行实证分析,研究表明:①作为市值度量的流通值和总市值的选择对不同规模组合收益率的排序没有本质的影响。②深市无论是从总市值还是流通市值的规模排序,其组合呈现出“规模效应”即收益率与规模成反比;而沪市的中盘股投资组合收益率明显好于其它两个组合。③深、沪两市收益率均不存在“季节效应”。     

中国A股市场账面-市价比效应实证研究

本文以1994年到2003年期间在上海证券交易所上市的全部A股股票作为研究对象,对账面-市价比效应进行了实证检验和研究,得出以下结论:一、在本文研究的时间阶段,我国证券市场上存在账面市价比效应;二、我国证券市场上市公司的账面-市价比对股票收益有显著的预测作用;三、我国的证券市场未达到半强有效;四、在我国,价值投资也可以获得良好的投资回报。     

快递业“虚胖症”

电商繁荣,快递业红火,这种看似你好我好的双赢,却被局内者称作"虚假繁荣"。一个爆炸式的新兴行业,拉着一个最需要稳扎稳打的传统行业,在一条路况不清的高速路上飞奔。接下来将会发生什么?     

The Elevation of the Elite: Historical Trends and Complicity of the Masses

A small group of citizens wields significant influence in the corporate, political, and military realms of American society. This group is known in the literature as the elite. Looking at the disparity between the elite and the masses of society in terms of education, wealth, and political power, one might surmise a conspiracy against fundamental democratic principles of equality, justice, and economic fair play. This article addresses non-conspiratorial cultural-contextual factors of history, social structure, media, psychology, education, and the marketplace contributing to the elites existence. It is concluded that non-conspiratorial factors play a primary role in their rise to global influence.     

Governance strategy: a property right approach turning governance into action

Corporate governance (CG) needs to acknowledge the intentional part of governance, where an actor of governance uses the set of corporate governance mechanisms in order to influence the agent to create a performance that will satisfy the interest of the principal. This paper offers a conception of this activity through the concept of governance strategy. The concept is based on a property right approach and derived within the context of agency theory, stressing the interest and the capacity of the principal. It is applied to two empirical organisations seldom investigated in CG research: the organisation of multinational corporations in a business group and the organisation of a riding school in a democratic not-for-profit association, thereby extending the relevance of the concept from corporate governance to organizational governance. The empirical analysis indicates the relevance of the conception and suggests further extension through hypotheses of governance strategy related to environmental influence, accessibility of governance mechanisms and momentum of mechanisms.

The complexity of influence maximization problem in the deterministic linear threshold model

The influence maximization is an important problem in the field of social network. Informally it is to select few people to be activated in a social network such that their aggregated influence can make as many as possible people active. Kempe et al. gave a $(1-{1 \over e})$ -approximation algorithm for this problem in the linear threshold model and the independent cascade model. In addition, Chen et al. proved that the exact computation of the influence given a seed set is #P-hard in the linear threshold model. Both of the two models are based on randomized propagation, however such information might be obtained by surveys and data mining techniques. This will make great difference on the complexity of the problem. In this note, we study the complexity of the influence maximization problem in deterministic linear threshold model. We show that in the deterministic linear threshold model, there is no n ^1??? -factor polynomial time approximation for the problem unless P=NP. We also show that the exact computation of the influence given a seed set can be solved in polynomial time.     

Administrative Reform and Style of Work Behavior: Adaptors-Innovators

In this paper the situation of Iranian reform agents from their style of work behavior point of view (such as problem solving and decision making) is analyzed.The assessment is based on a modified version of Kirton's theory of adaptors and innovators (modified KAI). The purpose of this study is to see whether the reform agents were seen as innovative enough to bring about fundamental changes in Iranian bureaucracy. The study of work behavior makes a difference in how people approach, solve and communicate problems, and therefore, may influence the success of reform program. Although the results indicate that the reform program was not perceived as having been as successful as expected, however, about 75 percent of Iranian reform agents could be categorized as innovative-inclined. The level of education and age account for little of the variance in the responses. Differences in the (modified) KAI mean scores of the agents of reform working in different organizations may explain some communication problems.     

An individual-based model of information diffusion combining friends’ influence

In many real-world scenarios, an individual accepts a new piece of information based on her intrinsic interest as well as friends’ influence. However, in most of the previous works, the factor of individual’s interest does not receive great attention from researchers. Here, we propose a new model which attaches importance to individual’s interest including friends’ influence. We formulate the problem of maximizing the acceptance of information (MAI) as: launch a seed set of acceptors to trigger a cascade such that the number of final acceptors under a time constraint T in a social network is maximized. We then prove that MAI is NP-hard, and for time \(T = 1,2\) , the objective function for information acceptance is sub-modular when the function for friends’ influence is sub-linear in the number of friends who have accepted the information (referred to as active friends). Therefore, an approximation ratio \((1-\frac{1}{e})\) for MAI problem is guaranteed by the greedy algorithm. Moreover, we also prove that when the function for friends’ influence is not sub-linear in the number of active friends, the objective function is not sub-modular.     

Limitations to Empirical Extrapolation Studies: The Case of BMD Ratios

Extrapolation relationships are of keen interest to chemical risk assessment in which they play a prominent role in translating experimentally derived (usually in animals) toxicity estimates into estimates more relevant to human populations. A standard approach for characterizing each extrapolation relies on ratios of pre-existing toxicity estimates. Applications of this "ratio approach" have overlooked several sources of error. This article examines the case of ratios of benchmark doses, trying to better understand their informativeness. The approach involves mathematically modeling the process by which the ratios are generated in practice. Both closed form and simulation-based models of this "data-generating process" (DGP) are developed, paying special attention to the influence of experimental design. The results show the potential for significant limits to informativeness, and revealing dependencies. Future applications of the ratio approach should take imprecision and bias into account. Bootstrap techniques are recommended for gauging imprecision, but more complicated techniques will be required for gauging bias (and capturing dependencies). Strategies for mitigating the errors are suggested.     

基于DEA-t检验的以企业为主体的科技创新效率评价

以企业为主体的科技创新效率评价是衡量科技投入后的产出水平、资源利用效率并寻找影响科技创新效率的主要因素,为优化资源投入结构打下基础。以企业作为科技投入和产出的主体,通过数据包络分析（DEA）中CCR模型和BCC模型测算中国15个副省级城市科技创新的总体投入产出效率、纯技术效率和规模效率。通过DEA-t检验的方法萃取出显著影响效率的关键指标,找到不同副省级城市各自效率偏低的关键问题。创新与特色一是将保留所有指标的DEA效率测算模型作为基础模型,将逐一剔除单个指标后的DEA效率测算模型作为对比模型。通过t检验,依次检验基础模型与每个对比模型的总体投入效率TE是否存在显著差异。若差异显著,则对比模型中剔除的指标为显著影响效率的关键指标,由此确定了影响科技创新效率的五个关键指标。改变现有研究的数据包络分析（DEA）方法仅仅能测算效率、无法萃取影响效率的关键因素的弊端。二是实证结果表明：显著影响以企业为主体的科技创新效率的关键指标为规模以上工业企业R&D经费内部支出、财政科技经费投入、科技从业人员数、技术市场成交额、规模以上工业企业新产品产值。三是实证结果表明：不同副省级城市导致效率偏低的关键问题大相径庭。如杭州的关键问题是“财政科技经费投入”的冗余率过大,而哈尔滨的关键问题是“规模以上工业企业新产品产值”的产出不足超高。     

Political Influence and Bureaucratic Autonomy

The establishment of autonomous public bodies during the past two decades has created a highly fragmented public sector. Using a dataset with more than 200 Dutch public sector organisations, this article examines three related sets of questions: to what extent a relationship exists between formal and de facto autonomy; the level of influence that interested parties exert upon those organizations; whether a relationship exists between levels of formal and de facto autonomy and the level of influence exercised by these parties. We find that formal autonomy does not reinforce de facto autonomy; organizations with less autonomy report higher levels of political influence when policy autonomy is concerned; and that organizations with more autonomy report higher societal influence on their financial autonomy.

中小企业安全生产管制路径演化研究

为研究中小企业安全生产管制路径演化规律,借助演化经济学方法,建立了中小企业与安全生产管制代理之间的支付矩阵。通过交往过程的演化模型分析,揭示了个体之间的策略选择对群体行为的影响。用数值仿真演示了决策参数的不同取值和初始条件的改变对演化结果的影响。研究发现:中小企业安全生产管制路径演化系统收敛于两种模式,一种为理想状态,一种为不良"锁定"状态;通过调节参数可以跳出不良"锁定"状态,优化管制路径;基于演化经济学视角设计中小企业安全生产管制制度,有利于提高管制的效果,诱导微观个体朝着期望的方向演化。     

市场导向内涵与执行随企业成长阶段演变的规律——基于中兴通讯的案例研究

基于中兴通讯在竞争激烈的通信设备行业不断克服管理危机从跟随者成长为全球领先者的案例,从动态角度探讨了市场导向内涵及其执行随企业成长阶段演变的规律。研究结论如下:①随着企业成长阶段的变化,市场导向内涵从市场创新与模仿竞争者导向的市场驱动理念向顾客与竞争平衡导向的驱动市场理念转变;②执行市场导向的组织变革特征受企业不同发展阶段管理危机的影响,而在集权与分权、自主与协调间反复,但组织成熟度呈螺旋式上升;③顾客后向影响供应商的主动创新特征使市场导向内涵中的市场驱动理念包括适应市场和"OEM"协作,驱动市场理念包括引导市场和"共生互动"的内容;④市场不确定性对企业市场导向执行结果产生影响,这也解释了同一行业内企业市场导向与经营绩效之间并非简单的线性关系。