中国人口政策的现状与未来研究

人口政策是国家政府为维护国家利益对人口发展过程施加影响和干预而做出的具有法令性的规定。当前,我国的人口存在着较多的问题,必须深刻考察我国的具体国情,根据时代的发展对我国人口政策进行修正,寻求合理的定位,以积极、稳妥地推进我国的可持续发展。为此,有必要从人口政策发展历程、政策评析、未来发展导向等角度对中国人口政策进行探究,以求对人口政策适时进行调整,统筹解决人口问题,促进社会可持续发展。     

促进中国城市交通的可持续发展

本文讨论了可持续城市交通内涵及政策框架，介绍了中国城市交通政策的可持续发展实践历程，包括确立可持续发展原则、改革管理体制、优化交通结构和应用节能环保汽车技术等方面，最后总结亟待解决的一些问题。     

农民对退耕还林政策的评价与认识

退耕还林政策目的是恢复和保护生态环境同时协助农民增收,随着工程的进一步落实和巩固,可持续发展问题成为工程现在面临的主要问题。退耕还林工程要实现可持续发展,必须要立足农民,为农民解决最实际的生计问题,为此,必须了解农民对退耕还林政策的评价与认知。通过对贵州省六盘水市钟山区大河镇大桥社区200户农户调查,我们发现在退耕还林工程后期,存在退耕还林补贴政策管理不严谨、农民增收不理想等问题,若想实现该工程的可持续发展,这些都是亟待解决的首要问题。     

高技术产业化政策对企业可持续发展能力的影响分析——以某五年规划期间的企业实证数据为例

我国政府制定大量高技术产业化政策,推动高技术产业发展,不仅提高了企业研发水平,也大大提高了企业可持续发展能力.本文结合某五年规划期间的实证数据,基于有序Probit模型,从企业竞争力和管理水平两个角度对我国高技术产业化政策实施前后的企业可持续发展能力进行分析.结果发现:在高技术产业化政策的扶持下,企业竞争力得到了提升,而管理水平却难以得到有效改善.为此,进一步给出了政策建议,为高技术产业化政策的实施和完善提供有益借鉴.     

试谈林业管理和可持续发展的方法

现在生态环境问题日益突出,人们生存的家园受到环境污染的侵袭,各种天气灾害频发,给人们的日常生活带来了影响。为保护生态环境,国家将生态环境保护提高到国家政策的高度,提出了可持续发展的战略要求,要求全社会各行各业都要落实可持续发展的政策。生态环境保护重要部分的自然林业也不例外。     

绿色金融与金融可持续发展

绿色金融是指金融部门应该将环境、生态指标纳入金融可持续发展体系当中,通过金融业务的运作来推动可持续发展战略的实施。金融部门应该把握机遇,以求实现金融可持续发展。     

创新政策的历史变迁与未来趋势研究——基于协同演化视角

世界正在步入创新3.0阶段,为体现创新在全球可持续发展中的引领作用,2.0阶段的创新政策需要随之演进。文章以协同演化视角,通过分析创新政策、实践和理论的互动演化关系,梳理创新政策的历史变迁过程——1.0和2.0阶段,分析其在每个阶段的相对有效性与无效性。在此基础上,展望创新政策在3.0阶段的总体目标和工具形式。最后通过回顾我国改革开放以来的创新政策发展进程,指出当前我国的创新政策已经初步体现3.0阶段的主要特征,未来应发展具有中国特色的创新理论,制定和实施适应我国实践情形的创新政策,为世界可持续发展提供中国方案。     

中国循环经济的政府引导及激励政策

发展循环经济是我国实施可持续发展的必然选择,也是对可持续发展战略的深化和具体化。从传统经济发展模式向循环经济的转变是一个复杂的系统工程,需要构建相应的保障循环经济发展的经济政策予以支撑。中国的循环经济政策必须在借鉴发达国家经验的基础上具有自己的特色,必须针对需要优先解决的问题按照从易到难,逐步推进的策略制订切实可行相互协调的政策体系。鉴于行文篇幅,本文重点分析对循环经济的政府引导及经济激励政策问题,重点研究循环经济的产业政策、税收政策、金融政策、价格政策、财政政策等。     

基于可持续理论的能源资源价值分析模型

能源可持续发展是人类可持续发展的重要内容,而可持续的能源资源价值评价是实现能源可持续发展的一个根本途径.本文在最优增长模型的基础上,通过加入资源和环境约束,建立了一个用于评价可持续能源资源价值的跨期动态模型.本文还着重分析了市场的不完备性、环境的外部性以及政府政策失灵对可持续能源资源价值各构成部分的影响及在现实中的表现,并就中国目前的实际情况提出了相应的政策建议.     

基于熵权法的科学技术评价模型及其实证研究

以“坚持以人为本,全面、协调、可持续”的科学发展观内涵为指导思想,通过科技指标的海选、筛选和理性分析构建了科技综合评价指标体系。用熵权法客观地对评价指标进行赋权,建立了基于熵权法的中国“十五”期间的科学技术发展状况评价模型,并给出了“十一五”期间科技发展政策建议。研究特色有五：①根据国际关注、又好又快、可持续发展和以人为本的原则建立指标体系,使科学技术的评价反映科学发展观的要求;②通过熵权法客观地确定指标权重,避免了人为主观确定权重的随意性;③利用熵权法确定的熵值,确保了仅用24个指标反映了95．5％以上的原始信息;④通过对影响科学技术整体效果的准则层进行评价,有助于找出科技发展各环节存在的问题;⑤通过对中国“十五”期间科技发展中的主要问题的分析,给出了“十一五”期间中国科技发展的政策建议。     

可持续发展的指标体系与发展规划优选模型的研究

可持续发展的概念已被全球接受,这方面的研究已成为国际关注的热点,但是仍有许多理论和方法问题没有得到解决,尤其是如何判别一个地区发展是否可持续？如何制订可持续发展模式？本文将根据可持续发展的基本原理,提出可持续发展的指标体系和可持续发展规划优选模型的设计思想。     

The Financial Impact of FSC Certification in the United States: A Contingency Perspective

This article focuses on an important and emergent standard for sustainable operations management: the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification. Unlike similar certifications, its focus is on the entire upstream supply chain, reflecting the criticality of supply chain management to ensure sustainable products. We investigate the financial impact from FSC certification, offering valuable decision support for managers considering this certification. Taking a contingency perspective, we view a firm's supply chain position and its prior certification to the ISO 14001 standard as influencing the results. Drawing on signaling theory, we suggest that firms farther downstream in the supply chain realize significantly greater abnormal financial performance benefits than firms upstream in the supply chain. We further hypothesize that firms that were not ISO 14001 certified at the time of FSC certification realize significantly greater abnormal financial performance benefits than firms that did have the ISO 14001 certification. To test these hypotheses, we utilize financial data of all publicly traded firms in the United States that have obtained the FSC certification, and assess whether FSC certification leads to abnormal performance benefits considering the above contingencies. Data collected from the FSC Certificate Database and Compustat, employed in an event study, provide support for our hypotheses. Overall, our findings contribute to research on decision making in the context of sustainable operations management, and offer a plausible explanation for contradictory results in prior studies. We highlight the applicability of signaling theory to decision sciences research, and stress the need to consider contingencies in sustainability management research.     

Sustainable planning strategies in supply chain systems: proposal and applications with a real case study in fashion

Abstract

Pollution generated by the fashion industry drives people to pay attention to fashion companies’ sustainability practice. This increase in attention has induced vast literature studying the related area. Since the fashion apparel supply chain is complicated which involves a lot of interrelated steps and decisions, how fashion companies can identify the demand in sustainable fashion and make the right decision in resource allocation throughout the supply chain becomes a critical issue. As a result, this paper examines how a fashion company can develop a successful sustainable planning strategy throughout the sustainable fashion supply chain. The sustainability attributes and the sustainable planning strategy mechanism are also discussed. Based on the institutional theory and resource-based theory, we first analyse the external pressure and internal motivations for companies to adopt a sustainable planning strategy in the fashion supply chain. We then identify the core stakeholders related to the sustainable planning strategy and propose how the decision-making theory can help develop the sustainable supply chain management mechanism. Next, we establish a sustainable planning strategy framework. Finally, via a case study with public data on the fashion giant brand Nike, we explore the application of our proposed sustainable planning strategy framework. The finding suggests that the strategic planning of fashion companies on sustainability can improve the performance of the stakeholders throughout the whole sustainable fashion supply chain.     

持续发展:规范研究与实证研究

本文从规范研究和实证研究两个层面对持续发展的概念进行了分析。规范研究表明持续发展应具有四个原则:代际公平原则、地理空间平等原则、发展原则和协调原则。实证研究从现实的需求出发,认为持续发展面对的是一个非持续发展的现实,提出持续发展政策应强调有限时间目标、区域发展中的侧重点,进而研究了经济快速增长条件下三个协调问题。最后对可持续发展的政策完备提出了个人建议,如确立后代利益集团的代理人等。     

The Role of Organizational and Information Technology Antecedents in Reengineering Initiation Behavior*

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has been a major catalyst of the pervasive organizational change we have witnessed over the past decade. Although one can speculate on the reasons for the popularity of this phenomenon, it is important that we carefully examine its underlying antecedents for initiation, implementation, and ultimately success, if we are to add value to practitioners of this concept. This study empirically examines the importance of facets of the organizational structure, IT knowledge resources and infrastructure, and the IS function in the initiation of BPR. Data from 313 corporations were gathered using a carefully validated survey, and initiators were compared with noninitiators. The results strongly suggest that client-server architectures, the strategic integration of IS, and cross departmental interaction are among the more important factors facilitating initiation and can be important inputs in a BPR decision-making process. The study attempts to build a contingent theory for BPR, and the more sustainable notion of fundamental process change.     

The Information Problems in Organizations: A Research Model for the Value of Information and Information Systems*

Growing recognition of the need for better management information system (MIS) theory and practice centers around problems with identifying the value of information and information systems in organizations. This paper addresses this issue by showing that existing theory in organizational economics and industrial organization directly relates to information problems in organizations (their nature, and their effects in terms of organization structure and performance). The paper categorizes these problems and associated theories into four distinct classes and shows that MIS research and practice can be mapped to information problems of each type. Because the economic theory pertinent to specific information problems includes the nature of the organizational response to information constraints, it also provides insight into the nature of the improvement to be realized if information constraints can be overcome. These improvements can then be interpreted as the value of the associated information systems which suggests using the resultant classification scheme to map between information problems and system value. The paper shows that this methodology provides a more appropriate level of focus than either traditional normative or business value methods, especially because many improvements have structural as well as performance consequences.     

社会资本结构与中小企业创新--一项基于结构方程模型的实证研究

本文针对中小企业核心竞争力的关键问题——创新展开分析,根据我国中小企业的组织特征,在综合分析了国外有关企业创新理论的基础上,我们提出了中小企业基于社会资本的创新理论,在传统创新理论解释变量集中加入了企业规模,并区分了社会资本构成的两大因素:结构性社会资本和认知性社会资本;在问卷调查的基础上,通过探索性因素分析和结构方程建模(SEM),对我国中小企业技术创新影响因素进行了结构测量和机理分析,认为:(1)中小企业的创新结构和知识管理水平受到结构性、认知性社会资本和企业人力资本的综合影响;(2)中小企业认知性社会资本既直接地、又通过影响企业的结构化社会资本间接地影响了企业的技术创新水平,显示出社会资本对中小企业创新的影响存在明显的分层结构和不同路径。     

构筑支持企业可持续发展的四大梯队

企业及其可持续经营与发展是构成社会可持续发展的系统要素.从 根本上说,企业可持续经营与发展依赖于企业自身具有梯队结构和内容的支持系统,主要包括1.产品技术梯队-企业可持续经营与发展的核心;2人力资源梯队-企业可持续经营与发展的源泉;3.管理机制梯队-企业可持续经营与发展的保证;4.领导能力梯队-企业可持续经营与发展的关键.     

Managing expatriates to achieve mutual benefits: An integrative model and analysis

Embracing a mutual-benefit perspective of expatriation management, this study argues that multinational enterprises (MNEs) seeking to build a sustainable expatriation management system should address the goals of both expatriates and organisations simultaneously. To realize such a system, we propose ability-, motivation- and opportunity-attributes as a tripod of expatriate competence-enhancing practices (EC-Ps). Via a matched survey dataset from 150 expatriates and their headquarters (HQs) managers, this study (1) investigates the effects of implementing EC-Ps on both subsidiary and employee outcomes, and (2) explores a sequential mediation mechanism of cross-cultural competence and subsidiary autonomy between the relationships. The implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed.     

Breaking the Ties That Bind: From Corporate Sustainability to Socially Sustainable Systems

Although the recent push toward sustainability is certainly generally a positive development in business and society, we can see many problems in the execution of the theory of sustainability. Where the triple bottom line calls on companies to weigh effects on stakeholders and the environment alongside profit, in practice in many cases, sustainability has been perverted to represent sustainable profits. In these cases, environmental impact and effects on people are only important insofar as they positively contribute to a firm‘s future profits. It is not only practitioners who have often espoused this misappropriated view of sustainability but also academics have lent credibility to this view. In this work, we start by criticizing the often espoused current view of sustainability and remind academics of their responsibility to adapt a more critical view of this narrow focus. We provide examples that show how the current system of capitalism has resulted in outcomes for people and the environment that are patently unacceptable. Reasons are given as to why there is much hesitation to change the status quo. We then call on academics to reexamine what the role of businesses should be within society, what obligations business and corporations should have in society, and how we can encourage meaningful change that results in a better world for future generations.