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1.
Hebrew language usage: determinants and effects on earnings among immigrants in Israel 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Chiswick BR 《Journal of population economics》1998,11(2):253-271
This paper uses the 1983 Census of Israel to analyze Hebrew speaking skills and the effects of Hebrew fluency on the earnings
of adult male immigrants. Hebrew fluency increases with a longer duration in Israel, the presence of children in the household,
marrying after immigration, living in an area in which a smaller proportion speak one‘s mother tongue, a younger age at migration,
a higher level of schooling and varies by country of birth. Earnings increase monotonically with the use of Hebrew. Speaking
English as a second language is associated with higher earnings, even when country of origin is held constant.
Received: 9 June 1997/Accepted: 6 November 1997 相似文献
2.
This paper uses the data on males and females from the 1989 Legalized Population Survey (LPS), a sample of aliens granted
amnesty under 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, to analyse English language proficiency and earnings. We use a model
of English language proficiency that is based on economic incentives, exposure and efficiency variables that measure the costs
and benefits of aquiring English language skills. Consistent with the model, in this sample of former illegal aliens, English
language proficiency is greater for those with more schooling, who immigrated at a younger age, who have been in the United
States longer, with a more continous stay, and who have less access to other origin language speakers where they live. Earnings
are higher by about 8% for men and 17% for women who are proficient in both speaking and reading English, compared to those
lacking both skills.
Received: 13 February 1998/Accepted: 9 July 1998 相似文献
3.
The English language fluency and occupational success of ethnic minority immigrant men living in English metropolitan areas 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper examines two crucial aspects of the assimilation experience of ethnic minority immigrants in the United Kingdom.
It explores the determinants of their English language (speaking) fluency and the key role such skills play in their occupational
success. Our sample is derived from the Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities undertaken in 1994. Uniquely this data
contains an interviewer-assessed measure of English language fluency. Importantly, we also attempt to control for possible
endogeneity bias in the estimates of the effect of language fluency on occupational success. We find that fluency is associated
with significantly higher mean hourly occupational wages.
Received: 26 November 1999/Accepted: 03 August 2000 相似文献
4.
Timothy J. Hatton 《Journal of population economics》2000,13(3):509-525
Early twentieth century observers argued that recent American immigrants were inferior, and in particular less skilled, than
the old. I estimate wage equations for 1909 allowing for different effects by nationality and for different characteristics
on arrival. I then apply the estimated wage differentials to the immigrant composition to measure the effect of changing composition
on immigrant earnings. Finally I ask how immigrant earning power changed relative to that of native Americans. I conclude
that immigrant “quality” in terms of earnings did decline due to shifting composition but these effects are very small compared
with those reported in studies of the post-second World War period.
Received: 1 September 1997/Accepted: 6 June 1998 相似文献
5.
Hayfron JE 《Journal of population economics》1998,11(2):293-303
This paper tests the assimilation hypothesis with Norwegian data. Using both cross-section and cohort analyses, the results
show that the 1970–1979 immigrant cohort experienced an earnings growth of about 11% between 1980 and 1990, when their earnings
profile was compared to that of natives. This is lower than the 19% assimilation rate predicted by the cross-section method.
On the contrary, the results reveal a rapid earnings divergence across cohorts, and between the 1960–1969 cohort and natives.
It is also shown that the „quality” of successive immigrant waves has declined over time, thus biasing the cross-section estimates
of assimilation.
Received: 8 August 1995 / Accepted: 7 January 1997 相似文献
6.
Steinar Vagstad 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(2):301-312
In non-cooperative family models, being good at contributing to family public goods like household production may reduce
one's utility, since it tends to crowd out contributions from one's spouse. Similar effects also arise in cooperative models
with non-cooperative threat point: improved contribution productivity entails loss of bargaining power. This strategic effect
must be traded against the benefits of household production skills, in terms of increased consumption possibilities. Since
cooperation involves extensive specialization, incentives to acquire household production skills are strikingly asymmetric,
with the one not specializing in household production having strong disincentives for household skill acquisition.
Received: 06 July 1999/Accepted: 08 June 2000 相似文献
7.
Linda Adair David Guilkey Eilene Bisgrove Socorro Gultiano 《Journal of population economics》2002,15(4):625-645
The effects of childbearing and work sector on women's hours and earnings in the 8 years following an index pregnancy were
examined in a cohort of more than 2,000 women in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Change in cash earnings
and hours worked were each modeled jointly with sector of labor force participation using an estimation strategy that deals
with endogeneity of childbearing decisions and selectivity into sector of work. Two or more additional children born in the
8 year interval significantly reduced women's earnings, while having an additional child under 2 years of age in 1991 reduced
hours worked.
Received: 16 July 1998/Accepted: 22 March 2001
All correspondence to Linda Adair. The authors wish to thank Family Health International and the U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID) for their generous support. This publication was funded by USAID under Cooperative Agreement USAID/CCP-3060-A-00-3021-00
to Family Health International (FHI). David Guilkey's participation in this paper was also supported by the MEASURE Evaluation Project also with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Contract Number HRN-A-00-97-00018-00.
The conclusions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the policies of FHI or USAID. Helpful comments by two
anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. Responsible editor: T. Paul Schultz. 相似文献
8.
Magnus Lofstrom 《Journal of population economics》2002,15(1):83-114
This paper uses data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Censuses to study labor market assimilation of self-employed immigrants.
Separate earnings functions for the self-employed and wage/salary workers are estimated. To control for endogenous sorting
into the sectors, models of the self-employment decision are estimated. Self-employed immigrants are found to do substantially
better in the labor market than wage/salary immigrants. Earnings of self-employed immigrants are predicted to converge with
natives' wage/salary earnings at about age 30 and natives' self-employed earnings at about age 40. Including the self-employed
in the sample reduces the immigrant-native earnings gap by, on average, 14%.
Received: 10 November 1999/Accepted: 3 August 2000 相似文献
9.
Leonor Modesto 《Journal of population economics》2003,16(2):307-322
We analyse educational choices and earnings of individuals at two different levels in the Portuguese educational system.
At each exit we consider two decisions: the decision to continue studying and the employment decision. We find empirical support
for the existence of selectivity bias as the errors of the earnings functions are in general correlated with the disturbances
of the decision functions. The obtained rates of return to education vary between 2.4 and 9.4 percent, depending on whether
or not selectivity and quantity effects are excluded from the computations. Note that selectivity represents three quarters
of this difference.
Received: 5 March 2001/Accepted: 10 October 2001
I am grateful for the comments of the editor and two anonymous referees. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch. 相似文献
10.
Studies of immigrants' destination language acquisition to date have focused on the individual. In contrast, this paper is
concerned with the relationships among family members in the determinants of destination language proficiency among immigrants.
A model of immigrant language proficiency is augmented to include dynamics among family members. It is tested using data on
a sample of recent immigrants. Children are shown to have a negative effect on their mother's language proficiency, but no
effect on their father's. There is a substantial positive correlation between the language skills of spouses. This is due
to the correlation between spouses in both the measured and the unmeasured determinants of destination language skills, even
when country of origin fixed effects are held constant.
相似文献
Paul W. MillerEmail: |
11.
Several studies have shown strong educational homogamy in most Western societies, although the trends over time differ across countries. In this article, we study the connection between educational assortative mating and gender-specific earnings in a sample containing the entire Swedish population born 1960–1974; we follow this sample from 1990 to 2009. Our empirical strategy exploits a longitudinal design, using distributed fixed-effects models capturing the impact of partner education on postmarital earnings, relating it to the income development before union formation. We find that being partnered with someone with more education (hypergamy) is associated with higher earnings, while partnering someone with less education (hypogamy) is associated with lower earnings. However, most of these differences in earnings emerge prior to the time of marriage, implying that the effect is explained by marital selection processes rather than by partner education affecting earnings. The exception is hypogamy among the highly educated, for which there are strong indications that in comparison with homogamy and hypergamy, earnings grow slower after union formation. 相似文献
12.
Akresh IR 《Demography》2007,44(4):865-881
New Immigrant Survey-Pilot data are used to address the long-standing debate over whether immigrants to the United States assimilate economically. Using panel data and an individual fixed-effect specification, I find evidence indicating rapid economic assimilation, on the order of an average increase in earnings of 12%-13% during the 12-month survey period. Results indicate partial support for Duleep and Regets' Immigrant Human Capital Investment (IHCI) model, indicating an inverse relationship between initial earnings and earnings growth and showing some evidence of the expected interaction between skill transferability and skill level when predicting human capital investment decisions. Having more years of education, English proficiency, and lower earnings at the baseline are associated with a higher probability of enrolling informal school in the United States. Overall, findings suggest substantial economic integration within the first year after establishing permanent residency. 相似文献
13.
Regina T. Riphahn 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(3):363-389
Using data from the first eleven waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel this study investigates the dynamic effects of
health shocks on employment and economic well-being of older workers. A health shock trebles the probability of leaving the
labor force and almost doubles the unemployment risk. The financial effects of health shocks are small on average and those
individuals with the highest remaining earnings potential are least affected by the health shock. Welfare state instruments
support the poorest section of the population but do not succeed in neutralizing the effects of a health shock for these groups.
Received: 9 April 1997/Accepted: 28 May 1998 相似文献
14.
We examine the labor market performance of return migrants using the Hungarian Household Panel Survey. Two distinct selection
issues are considered in the estimation of the earnings equation; we implement a natural method using MLE. The result that
there is a “premium” to work experience abroad for women is robust across the models we considered. For men, the return to
working abroad is not generally significant.
Received: 4 June 1998/Accepted: 16 April 1999 相似文献
15.
The relative earnings growth for immigrants in Norway is computed. Unlike Hayfron (1998, this journal) we define immigrants
by country of origin rather than citizenship and perform separate studies of immigrants from inside and outside the OECD region.
Replicating Hayfron op.cit. we find that the earnings assimilation is considerably weaker. Further, we find that the earnings
of OECD immigrants are comparable to those of natives, while Non-OECD immigrants earn considerably less than natives at the
time of entry, but that their relative earnings improve gradually over time. Earnings of different immigrant cohorts converged
from 1980 to 1990, indicating a non-linear rate of assimilation.
Received: 7 April 2000/Accepted: 4 January 2001 相似文献
16.
A note on the rate of intergenerational convergence of earnings 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We show that “convergence” to mean earnings in intergenerational earnings mobility models will be a function not only of
the single-generation correlation of earnings, but also of the properties of the unobserved stochastic distribution of shocks
to earnings.
Received: 24 March 1998/Accepted: 13 November 1998 相似文献
17.
This paper analyses the effects of expected earnings and local markets conditions on the behaviour of young adults with high
school diplomas. Decisions to either remain in the parental home or form a new household are modelled jointly with those of
either gaining work experience or investing in a university education. Expected lifetime earnings are found to play a crucial
role in determining the choice of studying and residing with parents. Poor labour market opportunities discourage young people
from working and induce them to study. The cost of housing greatly influences the choice of working and leaving the parental
home.
Received: 23 March 2001/Accepted: 26 November 2001
All correspondence to Gianna Claudia Giannelli. Helpful comments by two anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch. 相似文献
18.
François Bourguignon 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(4):503-521
The collective approach to household consumption behavior tries to infer from variables supposed to affect the general bargaining
position of household members information on the allocation of consumptions goods and tasks among them. This paper investigates
the extension of previous work to the case where children may be considered as a public consumption good by the two adult
members of a household. The main question being asked is whether it is possible to retrieve from the aggregate consumption
behaviour of the household and the relative earnings of the parents information on the allocation of goods between them and
children. This alternative approach to the estimation of the ‘cost of children’ is contrasted with the conventional approach
based on a ‘unitary’ representation of and demographic separability assumptions on household consumption behaviour.
Received: 29 August 1997/Accepted: 26 November 1998 相似文献
19.
Continuous training in Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jörn-Steffen Pischke 《Journal of population economics》2001,14(3):523-548
Using data from the German Socio Economic Panel, I analyze the incidence, financing, and returns to workplace training in
Germany for the years 1986 to 1989. Much of this training seems general, and is provided to workers by their employer at no
direct cost. While workers typically report larger productivty gains from the training during work hours, such training has
lower returns than training undertaken during leisure time. Workers with higher earnings growth seem more likely to participate
in training. I deal with this selection problem by estimating models that allow for inidividual level heterogeneity in earnings
growth rates.
Received: 24 November 1997/Accepted: 27 March 2000 相似文献
20.
We study the economic assimilation of childhood immigrants to the United States. The linguistic distance between English and the predominant language in one’s country of birth interacted with age at arrival is shown to be closely connected to occupational sorting in adulthood. By applying big-data techniques to occupations’ detailed skill requirements, we provide evidence that childhood immigrants from English-distant countries who arrived after the primary school years reveal comparative advantages in tasks distinct from those for which (close to) Anglophone immigrants are better suited. Meanwhile, those who arrive at younger ages specialize in a bundle of skills very similar to that supplied by observationally equivalent workers. These patterns emerge even after we net out the effects of formal education. Such findings are compatible with the existence of different degrees of complementarity between relative English-learning potential at arrival and the acquisition of multiple capabilities demanded in the U.S. labor market (math/logic, socioemotional, physical, and communication skills). Consistent with the investment-complementarity argument, we show that linguistic distance and age at arrival also play a significant role on the choice of college major within this population. 相似文献